Catheter-based renal denervation in patients with uncontrolled hypertension in the absence of antihypertensive medications (SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED): a randomised, sham-controlled, proof-of-concept trial
Abstract
Background Previous randomised renal denervation studies did not show consistent efficacy in reducing blood pressure. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of renal denervation on blood pressure in the absence of antihypertensive medications.Methods SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED was a multicentre, international, single-blind, randomised, sham-controlled, proof-of-concept trial. Patients were enrolled at 21 centres in the USA, Europe, Japan, and Australia. Eligible patients were drug-naive or discontinued their antihypertensive medications. Patients with an office systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 150 mm Hg or greater and less than 180 mm Hg, office diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 90 mm Hg or greater, and a mean 24-h ambulatory SBP of 140 mm Hg or greater and less than 170 mm Hg at second screening underwent renal angiography and were randomly assigned to renal denervation or sham control. Patients, caregivers, and those assessing blood pressure were blinded to randomisation assignments. The primary endpoint, change in 24-h blood pressure at 3 months, was compared between groups. Drug surveillance was done to ensure patient compliance with absence of antihypertensive medication. The primary analysis was done in the intention-to-treat population. Safety events were assessed at 3 months. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02439749.Findings Between June 25, 2015, and Jan 30, 2017, 353 patients were screened. 80 patients were randomly assigned to renal denervation (n=38) or sham control (n=42) and followed up for 3 months. Office and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure decreased significantly from baseline to 3 months in the renal denervation group: 24-h SBP -5·5 mm Hg (95% CI -9·1 to -2·0; p=0·0031), 24-h DBP -4·8 mm Hg (-7·0 to -2·6; p<0·0001), office SBP -10·0 mm Hg (-15·1 to -4·9; p=0·0004), and office DBP -5·3 mm Hg (-7·8 to -2·7; p=0·0002). No significant changes were seen in the sham-control group: 24-h SBP -0·5 mm Hg (95% CI -3·9 to 2·9; p=0·7644), 24-h DBP -0·4 mm Hg (-2·2 to 1·4; p=0·6448), office SBP -2·3 mm Hg (-6·1 to 1·6; p=0·2381), and office DBP -0·3 mm Hg (-2·9 to 2·2; p=0·8052). The mean difference between the groups favoured renal denervation for 3-month change in both office and 24-h blood pressure from baseline: 24-h SBP -5·0 mm Hg (95% CI -9·9 to -0·2; p=0·0414), 24-h DBP -4·4 mm Hg (-7·2 to -1·6; p=0·0024), office SBP -7·7 mm Hg (-14·0 to -1·5; p=0·0155), and office DBP -4·9 mm Hg (-8·5 to -1·4; p=0·0077). Baseline-adjusted analyses showed similar findings. There were no major adverse events in either group.Interpretation Results from SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED provide biological proof of principle for the blood-pressure-lowering efficacy of renal denervation.Funding Medtronic.
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In untreated, milder grades of hypertension, blood pressure lowering is achieved with renal denervation across the BMI range.
“In untreated, milder grades of hypertension, again blood pressure lowering is achieved with renal denervation across the BMI range.104”
From Obesity Paradox in Hypertension: Is This Because Sympathetic Activation in Obesity-Hypertension Takes a Benign Form? (2018) · cites this paper as [104]
More recent data from the SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED study using a different catheter providing more extensive renal denervation showed a significant reduction in BP.
“More recent data from the SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED study using a different catheter providing more extensive renal denervation showed a significant reduction in BP.407”
From Resistant Hypertension: Detection, Evaluation, and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2018) · cites this paper as [407]
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- Authors
- Townsend, R. R., Mahfoud, F., Kandzari, D. E., Kario, K., Pocock, S., Weber, M. A., Ewen, S., Tsioufis, K., Tousoulis, D., Sharp, A. S. P., Watkinson, A. F., Schmieder, R. E., Schmid, A., Choi, J. W., East, C., Walton, A., Hopper, I., Cohen, D. L., Wilensky, R., Lee, D. P., Ma, A., Devireddy, C. M., Lea, J. P., Lurz, P. C., Fengler, K., Davies, J., Chapman, N., Cohen, S. A., DeBruin, V., Fahy, M., Jones, D. E., Rothman, M., Böhm, M., Aoki, J., Batson, B., Böhm, M., Choi, J. W., Cohen, D. L., Dangas, G., David, S., Davies, J., Devireddy, C. M., Kandzari, D., Kario, K., Lee, D. P., Lurz, P. C., Patel, M., Patel, K., Schmieder, R. E., Sharp, A. S. P., Singh, J., Tsioufis, K., Walton, A., Weber, T., Weil, J., Zeller, T., Ziada, K., Tanabe, K., Wilkins, R., Mahfoud, F., East, C., Wilensky, R., Contreras, J., Steigerwalt, S., Chapman, N., Lea, J. P., Reedus, D., Hoshide, S., Ma, A., Fengler, K., Svetkey, L., Rao, A., Schmid, A., Watkinson, A. F., Brown, A., Tousoulis, D., Hopper, I., Suppan, M., Agdirlioglu, T., Noory, E., & Chasen, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Piedmont Atlanta Hospital (US)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (US)
- Saarland University (DE)
- Barts Health NHS Trust (GB)
- Stanford Health Care (US)
- Corresponding author
- Townsend, Raymond R
- ORCID
- Townsend, Raymond R
- Kandzari, David E
- Pocock, Stuart
- Weber, Michael A
- Ewen, Sebastian
- Cohen, Sidney A
- Rothman, Martin
- Dangas, George
- David, Shukri
- Patel, Manesh
- Patel, Kiritkumar
- Singh, Jasvindar
- Weber, Thomas
- Weil, Joachim
- Zeller, Thomas
- Ziada, Khaled
- Tanabe, Kengo
- Contreras, Johanna
- Hoshide, Satoshi
- Svetkey, Laura
- Noory, Elias
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-11
- Volume
- 390
- Issue
- 10108
- Pages
- 2160-2170
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W2748414916
- Cited by
- 752
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 105 · 2019: 132 · 2018: 111 · 2017: 29
- FWCI
- 79.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- Royal Devon and Exeter Research Repository (Royal Devon and Exeter) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Renal and Vascular Pathologies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Keywords
- renal denervation, catheter ablation, uncontrolled hypertension, antihypertensive medication withdrawal, drug-naive patients, blood pressure reduction, ambulatory blood pressure, office blood pressure, renal sympathetic nerves, treatment safety, adverse events, renal angiography, renal artery stenosis, renal vein stenosis, renal vein thrombosis, renal artery dissection
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Antihypertensive Agents, Australia, Blood Pressure Determination, Drug Resistance, Europe, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Reference Values, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Sympathectomy, United States, Single-Blind Method, Treatment Outcome, Catheter Ablation, Risk Assessment, Internationality, Patient Safety
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