Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation for resistant hypertension: a multicentre safety and proof-of-principle cohort study
Abstract
Background Renal sympathetic hyperactivity is associated with hypertension and its progression, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure. We did a proof-of-principle trial of therapeutic renal sympathetic denervation in patients with resistant hypertension (ie, systolic blood pressure >/=160 mm Hg on three or more antihypertensive medications, including a diuretic) to assess safety and blood-pressure reduction effectiveness.Methods We enrolled 50 patients at five Australian and European centres; 5 patients were excluded for anatomical reasons (mainly on the basis of dual renal artery systems). Patients received percutaneous radiofrequency catheter-based treatment between June, 2007, and November, 2008, with subsequent follow-up to 1 year. We assessed the effectiveness of renal sympathetic denervation with renal noradrenaline spillover in a subgroup of patients. Primary endpoints were office blood pressure and safety data before and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after procedure. Renal angiography was done before, immediately after, and 14-30 days after procedure, and magnetic resonance angiogram 6 months after procedure. We assessed blood-pressure lowering effectiveness by repeated measures ANOVA. This study is registered in Australia and Europe with ClinicalTrials.gov, numbers NCT 00483808 and NCT 00664638.Findings In treated patients, baseline mean office blood pressure was 177/101 mm Hg (SD 20/15), (mean 4.7 antihypertensive medications); estimated glomerular filtration rate was 81 mL/min/1.73m(2) (SD 23); and mean reduction in renal noradrenaline spillover was 47% (95% CI 28-65%). Office blood pressures after procedure were reduced by -14/-10, -21/-10, -22/-11, -24/-11, and -27/-17 mm Hg at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, respectively. In the five non-treated patients, mean rise in office blood pressure was +3/-2, +2/+3, +14/+9, and +26/+17 mm Hg at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months, respectively. One intraprocedural renal artery dissection occurred before radiofrequency energy delivery, without further sequelae. There were no other renovascular complications.Interpretation Catheter-based renal denervation causes substantial and sustained blood-pressure reduction, without serious adverse events, in patients with resistant hypertension. Prospective randomised clinical trials are needed to investigate the usefulness of this procedure in the management of this condition.
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Renal sympathetic activation in essential hypertension has been specifically targeted in patients with resistant hypertension by catheter-based renal denervation.
“Renal sympathetic activation in essential hypertension has been specifically targeted in patients with resistant hypertension by catheter-based renal denervation.103”
From Obesity Paradox in Hypertension: Is This Because Sympathetic Activation in Obesity-Hypertension Takes a Benign Form? (2018) · cites this paper as [103]
In drug-resistant essential hypertension, renal nerve ablation lowers blood pressure to a similar degree in normal-weight essential hypertension and obesity-hypertension.
“In drug-resistant essential hypertension, renal nerve ablation lowers blood pressure to a similar degree in normalweight essential hypertension and obesity-hypertension. 103”
From Obesity Paradox in Hypertension: Is This Because Sympathetic Activation in Obesity-Hypertension Takes a Benign Form? (2018) · cites this paper as [103]
Efferent sympathetic renal denervation can be achieved with luminal delivery of radiofrequency and ultrasonic energy.
“Efferent sympathetic renal denervation can be achieved with luminal delivery of radiofrequency and ultrasonic energy.”
From The Sympathetic Nervous System Alterations in Human Hypertension (2015) · cites this paper as [20]
Two device-based therapies targeting the sympathetic nervous system were developed: the surgically implanted barostimulator device and catheter-based renal denervation.
“This was the development of two device-based therapies targeting the sympathetic nervous system, the surgically implanted barostimulator device117 and catheter-based renal denervation20,118.”
From The Sympathetic Nervous System Alterations in Human Hypertension (2015) · cites this paper as [20]
Among clinical studies of endovascular renal denervation, only in the SYMPLICITY HTN-1 trial was renal denervation confirmed, by measurements of norepinephrine spillover.
“Among clinical studies of endovascular renal denervation only in the SYMPLICITY HTN-1 trial20 was renal denervation confirmed, by measurements of norepinephrine spillover (release of the transmitter from the renal nerves to plasma).”
From The Sympathetic Nervous System Alterations in Human Hypertension (2015) · cites this paper as [20]
The degree of renal denervation achieved in the SYMPLICITY HTN-1 trial was less than expected (on average 47%), but did seem to be sufficient, in that the antihypertensive response was very adequate.
“The degree of renal denervation achieved in the SYMPLICITY HTN-1 trial was less than expected (on average 47%)20, but did seem to be sufficient, in that the antihypertensive response was very adequate.”
From The Sympathetic Nervous System Alterations in Human Hypertension (2015) · cites this paper as [20]
Several clinical studies have demonstrated that renal denervation reduces blood pressure in hypertensive patients.
“Several clinical studies have demonstrated that renal denervation reduces blood pressure in hypertensive patients (1, 16, 37).”
From A mathematical model of long-term renal sympathetic nerve activity inhibition during an increase in sodium intake (2014) · cites this paper as [37]
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- Authors
- Krum, H., Schlaich, M., Whitbourn, R., Sobotka, P. A., Sadowski, J., Bartus, K., Kapelak, B., Walton, A., Sievert, H., Thambar, S., Abraham, W. T., & Esler, M.
- Affiliations
- The Alfred Hospital (AU)
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (AU)
- St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne (AU)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Jagiellonian University (PL)
- Cardiovascular Center Frankfurt (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Krum, Henry
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 373
- Issue
- 9671
- Pages
- 1275-1281
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W2115461708
- Cited by
- 2,108
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 79 · 2019: 104 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 122 · 2016: 173 · 2015: 217 · 2014: 323 · 2013: 268 · 2012: 184
- FWCI
- 84.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Renal and Vascular Pathologies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- Keywords
- renal denervation, resistant hypertension, radiofrequency ablation, blood pressure reduction, procedural safety, renal artery dissection, renal artery stenosis, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, antihypertensive medication reduction, office blood pressure, magnetic resonance angiography, renal angiography
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Antihypertensive Agents, Diuretics, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Hypertension, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Norepinephrine, Radiography, Renal Artery, Safety, Sympathectomy, Treatment Outcome, Catheter Ablation, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory
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