The DOI matches its Crossref record; 249 of the 249 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Global Syndemic of Obesity, Undernutrition, and Climate Change: The Lancet Commission report
Open accessAbstract
Additional co-authors: Prof Corinna Hawkes PhD, Mario Herrero PhD, Prof Peter S Hovmand PhD, Prof Mark Howden PhD, Lindsay M Jaacks PhD, Ariadne B Kapetanaki PhD, Matt Kasman PhD, Prof Harriet V Kuhnlein PhD, Prof Shiriki K Kumanyika PhD, Prof Bagher Larijani MD, Tim Lobstein PhD, Michael W Long PhD, Victor K R Matsudo MD, Susanna D H Mills PhD, Gareth Morgan PhD, Alexandra Morshed, Patricia M Nece JD, Prof An Pan PhD, David W Patterson, Gary Sacks PhD, Meera Shekar PhD, Geoff L Simmons, Warren Smit PhD, Ali Tootee PhD, Stefanie Vandevijvere PhD, Wilma E Waterlander PhD, Luke Wolfenden PhD, Prof William H Dietz MD
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“as half of the world's population faces hunger, food insecurity, or malnutrition, highlighting its dysfunction (63).”
From Bridging Sectors and Disciplines to Gain a Critical Understanding of the Eco-Social Determinants of Health Inequities: The ESDHI-EU Conference (2025) · cites this paper as [63]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, the dominant food system model struggles to equitably provide healthy diets (61), as half of the world's population faces hunger, food insecurity, or malnutrition, highlighting its dysfunction (63).”
From Bridging Sectors and Disciplines to Gain a Critical Understanding of the Eco-Social Determinants of Health Inequities: The ESDHI-EU Conference (2025) · cites this paper as [63]
In the citing paper
“At the same time, climate change further threatens food security, underscoring the need for more sustainable protein sources [10,22].”
From Valorization of Microalgae as Multifunctional Protein Sources in Plant-Based Systems: Structural, Functional, and Processing Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“Current food systems, marked by the increasing reliance on animal-derived products, contribute to adverse health and environmental outcomes.”
From Valorization of Microalgae as Multifunctional Protein Sources in Plant-Based Systems: Structural, Functional, and Processing Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“Although soy has traditionally dominated this market because of its high protein content, mild flavor, and technofunctional properties, concerns regarding allergens, antinutritional factors, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), and its extensive use as animal feed have stimulated interest in alternative protein sources [22][23][24].”
From Valorization of Microalgae as Multifunctional Protein Sources in Plant-Based Systems: Structural, Functional, and Processing Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“It has led to an overreliance on 'nutrients-to-limit' reformulation initiatives in some countries 200,201 , with potentially counterproductive outcomes.”
From Ultra‐processed foods and the nutrition transition: global, regional and national trends, food systems transformations and political economy drivers (2020) · cites this paper as [200]
Citations
Cites
Capital in the Twenty-First Century
Piketty, T. (2014) · doi:10.4159/9780674369542 · Cited by 14,437
Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment
Benford, R. D., & Snow, D. A. (2000) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.611 · Cited by 9,953
Barker, T. J., Bashmakov, I., Bernstein, L., Bogner, J. R., Bosch, P. C., Dave, R., Davidson, O., Fisher, B. S., Grubb, M. J., Gupta, S. K., et al. (2007) · Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling · Cited by 9,160
Collaborative Governance in Theory and Practice
Ansell, C., & Gash, A. (2008) · Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory · doi:10.1093/jopart/mum032 · Cited by 8,256
Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years
Collaborators, T. G. 2. O. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1614362 · Cited by 7,918
Forouzanfar, M. H., Afshin, A., Alexander, L. T., Anderson, H. R., Bhutta, Z. A., Biryukov, S., Brauer, M., Burnett, R., Cercy, K., Charlson, F. J., et al. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31679-8 · Cited by 7,698
Self-citationAbarca-Gómez, L., Abdeen, Z. A., Hamid, Z. A., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M., Acosta-Cazares, B., Acuin, C., Adams, R. J., Aekplakorn, W., Afsana, K., Aguilar-Salinas, C. A., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32129-3 · Cited by 7,482
Self-citationMaternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences
Black, R. E., Allen, L. H., Bhutta, Z. A., Caulfield, L. E., de Onis, M., Ezzati, M., Mathers, C., & Rivera, J. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61690-0 · Cited by 6,443
Self-citationClimate Trends and Global Crop Production Since 1980
Lobell, D. B., Schlenker, W., & Costa-Roberts, J. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1204531 · Cited by 4,927
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- 2017, Worldwide trends in children's and adolescents' body mass index, underweight, overweight and obesity, in comparison with adults, from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies with 128·9 million participants, Lancet, 390, 2627, 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3 · DOI · Paper page
- WHO. WHO Global Action Plan on physical activity 2018–2030. World Health Organization (in press).
- Crutzen, 2000, The “Anthropocene”, Global Change Newsletter, 41, 17
- Burris, 2008, Changes in governance: a cross-disciplinary review of current scholarship, Akron L Rev, 41, 1
- De Schutter, 2015, Towards a framework convention on healthy diets, SCN News, 41, 94
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Murray, C. J. L., Aravkin, A. Y., Zheng, P., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdelalim, A., Abdollahi, M., Abdollahpour, I., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30752-2 · Cited by 9,854
Holmes, E. A., O'Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Cohen Silver, R., Everall, I., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30168-1 · Cited by 5,715
The obesity transition: stages of the global epidemic
Jaacks, L. M., Vandevijvere, S., Pan, A., McGowan, C. J., Wallace, C., Imamura, F., Mozaffarian, D., Swinburn, B., & Ezzati, M. (2019) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30026-9 · Cited by 1,193
Self-citationBaker, P., Machado, P., Santos, T., Sievert, K., Backholer, K., Hadjikakou, M., Russell, C., Huse, O., Bell, C., Scrinis, G., et al. (2020) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13126 · Cited by 1,194
Self-citationA future for the world's children? A WHO–UNICEF–Lancet Commission
Clark, H., Coll-Seck, A. M., Banerjee, A., Peterson, S., Dalglish, S. L., Ameratunga, S., Balabanova, D., Bhan, M. K., Bhutta, Z. A., Borrazzo, J., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32540-1 · Cited by 1,105
Metadata
- Authors
- Swinburn, B. A., Kraak, V. I., Allender, S., Atkins, V. J., Baker, P. I., Bogard, J. R., Brinsden, H., Calvillo, A., De Schutter, O., Devarajan, R., Ezzati, M., Friel, S., Goenka, S., Hammond, R. A., Hastings, G., Hawkes, C., Herrero, M., Hovmand, P. S., Howden, M., Jaacks, L. M., Kapetanaki, A. B., Kasman, M., Kuhnlein, H. V., Kumanyika, S. K., Larijani, B., Lobstein, T., Long, M. W., Matsudo, V. K. R., Mills, S. D. H., Morgan, G., Morshed, A., Nece, P. M., Pan, A., Patterson, D. W., Sacks, G., Shekar, M., Simmons, G. L., Smit, W., Tootee, A., Vandevijvere, S., Waterlander, W. E., Wolfenden, L., & Dietz, W. H.
- Affiliations
- Deakin University (AU)
- Virginia Tech (US)
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
- World Obesity Federation (GB)
- El Poder del Consumidor AC (MX)
- Public Health Foundation of India (IN)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Australian National University (AU)
- Brookings Institution (US)
- University of Stirling (GB)
- University of London (GB)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Hertfordshire (GB)
- McGill University (CA)
- Drexel University (US)
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- George Washington University (US)
- Newcastle University (GB)
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (CN)
- World Bank (US)
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- Diabetes Research Center (IR)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Swinburn, Boyd A
- ORCID
- Swinburn, Boyd A
- Kraak, Vivica I
- Allender, Steven
- Baker, Phillip I
- Bogard, Jessica R
- Calvillo, Alejandro
- Devarajan, Raji
- Ezzati, Majid
- Friel, Sharon
- Goenka, Shifalika
- Hammond, Ross A
- Hastings, Gerard
- Hawkes, Corinna
- Herrero, Mario
- Hovmand, Peter S
- Howden, Mark
- Jaacks, Lindsay M
- Kapetanaki, Ariadne B
- Kasman, Matt
- Kuhnlein, Harriet V
- Kumanyika, Shiriki K
- Larijani, Bagher
- Lobstein, Tim
- Long, Michael W
- Matsudo, Victor K R
- Mills, Susanna D H
- Morshed, Alexandra
- Pan, An
- Patterson, David W
- Sacks, Gary
- Shekar, Meera
- Smit, Warren
- Tootee, Ali
- Vandevijvere, Stefanie
- Waterlander, Wilma E
- Wolfenden, Luke
- Dietz, William H
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-02
- Volume
- 393
- Issue
- 10173
- Pages
- 791-846
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W2912842935
- Semantic Scholar
- aa1b4a7e43edc55f15ccf961694a3c48c2a81306
- Cited by
- 3,081
- References
- 249
- Citations by year
- 2026: 324 · 2025: 400 · 2024: 379 · 2023: 422 · 2022: 448 · 2021: 513 · 2020: 422 · 2019: 164
- FWCI
- 37.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- DIAL (Catholic University of Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council (MR/L01341X/1)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL130357)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- obesity, malnutrition, climate change, syndemic, planetary health, dietary risk, health impacts of climate change
- MeSH terms
- Syndemic, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Food Supply, Health Policy, Humans, Infant, Male, Obesity, Global Health, Comorbidity, Malnutrition, Climate Change
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
