Relapse of major depression after complete and partial remission during a 2-year follow-up
Abstract
Background Rates of remission and relapse were studied over more than 2 years in a sample of Spanish outpatients with DSM-III-R criteria of unipolar major depressive episodes.Methods Patients were treated following standardised pharmacological protocols at our centre. In the first visit, the structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) was used. The following visits were held monthly. Phases of evolution were recorded using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), applying the Frank criteria.Results A significantly greater proportion of relapse was observed in the partial remission group compared to the complete remission one. The rate of relapses for patients in complete remission was 15.18%, while for patients in partial remission was 67.61%. Partial remission was significantly associated with relapses.Limitations The short duration of the study and the decreasing sample size during the follow-up.Conclusions Partial remission after a depressive episode seems to be strongly associated with relapses. Moreover, this clinical factor could by itself fully predict short-term relapses.Clinical relevance The study shows the importance of reaching complete remission to decrease the rate of short-term relapses.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Clinical variables such as number of previous episodes, severity of last episode, and family history of MDD are strong predictors of recurrence.
“However, clinical variables such as number of previous episodes [7, 11, 19–22], severity of last episode [21, 22] and family history of MDD [21– 23] were strong predictors of recurrence.”
From Predictors of recurrence of major depressive disorder (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
Other studies reported that family history significantly predicted recurrence.
“Other studies [21–23] have reported that family history significantly predicted recurrence.”
From Predictors of recurrence of major depressive disorder (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817 · see citing works
Frank, E. (1991) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810330075011 · Cited by 1,959 · see citing works
Recurrence after recovery from major depressive disorder during 15 years of observational follow-up
Mueller, T. I., Leon, A. C., Keller, M. B., Solomon, D. A., Endicott, J., Coryell, W., Warshaw, M., & Maser, J. D. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.7.1000 · Cited by 897 · see citing works
Keller, M. B. (1992) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820100053010 · Cited by 864 · see citing works
Residual symptoms after partial remission: an important outcome in depression
Paykel, E. S., Ramana, R., Cooper, Z., Hayhurst, H., Kerr, J., & Barocka, A. (1995) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700033146 · Cited by 791 · see citing works
Judd, L. L., Akiskal, H. S., Maser, J. D., Zeller, P. J., Endicott, J., Coryell, W., Paulus, M. P., Kunovac, J. L., Leon, A. C., Mueller, T. I., et al. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.8.694 · Cited by 775 · see citing works
Judd, L. L., Akiskal, H. S., Maser, J. D., Zeller, P. J., Endicott, J., Coryell, W., Paulus, M. P., Kunovac, J. L., Leon, A. C., Mueller, T. I., et al. (1998) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(98)00138-4 · Cited by 590 · see citing works
Prevention of Recurrent Depression With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Preliminary Findings
Fava, G. A., Rafanelli, C., Grandi, S., Conti, S., & Belluardo, P. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.9.816 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
The Clinical Course of Unipolar Major Depressive Disorders
Judd, L. L. (1997) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830230015002 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Melfi, C. A., Chawla, A. J., Croghan, T. W., Hanna, M. P., Kennedy, S., & Sredl, K. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1128 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
[Long-term treatment of depression].
Keller, M. B. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Predictors of Relapse in Major Depressive Disorder
Keller, M. B. (1983) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1983.03340240025024 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Six-Year Outcome for Cognitive Behavioral Treatment of Residual Symptoms in Major Depression
Fava, G. A., Rafanelli, C., Grandi, S., Canestrari, R., & Morphy, M. A. (1998) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.155.10.1443 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Long-term Outcome of Episodes of Major Depression: Clinical and Public Health Significance
Keller, M. B. (1984) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.252.6.788 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Keller, M. B., & BOLAND, R. J. (1998) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00110-3 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Cognitive behavioral treatment of residual symptoms in primary major depressive disorder
(1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.9.1295 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Subclinical symptoms in mood disorders: pathophysiological and therapeutic implications
FAVA, G. A. (1999) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291798007429 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
(1992) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.149.8.1046 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
A prospective follow-up of patients with bipolar and primary unipolar affective disorder
Winokur, G. (1993) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820180059006 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Remission and relapse in major depression: a two-year prospective follow-up study
Ramana, R., Paykel, E. S., Cooper, Z., Hayhurst, H., Saxty, M., & Surtees, P. G. (1995) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700033134 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
The Long-Term Outcome of Depressive Illness
Kiloh, L. G., Andrews, G., & Neilson, M. D. (1988) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.153.6.752 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
RECOVERY, CHRONICITY, AND LEVELS OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY IN MAJOR DEPRESSION
Mueller, T. I., & Leon, A. C. (1996) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70275-6 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
NIMH Clinical Research Branch Collaborative Program on the Psychobiology of Depression
Katz, M. M. (1979) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780070043004 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Factors Associated With 1-Year Outcome of Major Depression in the Community
Sargeant, J. K. (1990) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1990.01810180019004 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Major Affective Disorder as a Recurrent Illness
Zis, A. P. (1979) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780080009002 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Depressive relapses and incomplete recovery from index episode
Faravelli, C., Ambonetti, A., Pallanti, S., & Pazzagli, A. (1986) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.143.7.888 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Three- to 5-year prospective follow-up of outcome in major depression
van Londen, L., Molenaar, R. P. G., Goekoop, J. G., Zwinderman, A. H., & Rooijmans, H. G. M. (1998) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291797006466 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Predictors of recurrence in affective disorder
Kessing, L. V., Andersen, P. K., & Mortensen, P. B. (1998) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(97)00163-8 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Major depression in 1998: are we providing optimal therapy?
Angst, J. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Recovery from depression: risk or reality?
Angst, J., Kupfer, D. J., & Rosenbaum, J. F. (1996) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb10671.x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Citalopram versus nortriptyline in late‐life depression: a 12‐week randomized single‐blind study
Navarro, V., Gastó, C., Torres, X., Marcos, T., & Pintor, L. (2001) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2001.00228.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationHow Effective and Safe Is Continuation Therapy in Elderly Depressed Patients?
Georgotas, A. (1988) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800340057008 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Judd, L. L. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.8.764 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Neuroendocrine and hypothermia effects of 5-HT1A receptor stimulation with ipsapirone in healthy men
Cleare, A. J., FORSLING, M. L., & Bond, A. J. (1998) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/00004850-199801000-00004 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Redefining antidepressant efficacy toward long-term recovery.
Thase, M. E. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Course of treatment received by depressed patients
Dawson, R., Lavori, P. W., Coryell, W. H., Endicott, J., & Keller, M. B. (1999) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(98)00055-7 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Classification of affective disorders.
Ramana, R., & Paykel, E. S. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Montgomery, S., & Kasper, S. F. (1998) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/00004850-199807006-00005 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Prevalence and predictors of recurrence of major depressive disorder in the adult population
Hardeveld, F., Spijker, J., De Graaf, R., Nolen, W. A., & Beekman, A. T. F. (2010) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01519.x · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study
Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. G. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
The neurobiology of depression
Palazidou, E. (2012) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1093/bmb/lds004 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Vagal nerve stimulation for treatment-resistant depression
Carreno, F. R., & Frazer, A. (2017) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-017-0537-8 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Partial remission, residual symptoms, and relapse in depression
Paykel, E. S. (2008) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2008.10.4/espaykel · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Pintor, L., Torres, X., Navarro, V., Matrai, S., & Gastó, C. (2004) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2003.11.008 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationÅkerblad, A.-C., Bengtsson, F., von Knorring, L., & Ekselius, L. (2006) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/01.yic.0000199452.16682.b8 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
A critical review of pharmacotherapy for major depressive disorder.
Dupuy, J. M., Ostacher, M. J., Huffman, J., Perlis, R. H., & Nierenberg, A. A. (2011) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145711000083 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Lifetime duration of depressive disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes
de Groot, M., Crick, K. A., Long, M., Saha, C., & Shubrook, J. H. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-1145 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Bulloch, A., Williams, J., Lavorato, D., & Patten, S. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22173 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Predictors of recurrence of major depressive disorder
Lye, M.-S., Tey, Y.-Y., Tor, Y.-S., Shahabudin, A. F., Ibrahim, N., Ling, K.-H., Stanslas, J., Loh, S.-P., Rosli, R., Lokman, K. A., et al. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0230363 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The Curious Neglect of High Functioning After Psychopathology: The Case of Depression
Rottenberg, J., Devendorf, A. R., Kashdan, T. B., & Disabato, D. J. (2018) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691618769868 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Sacchetti, E., Frank, E., Siracusano, A., Racagni, G., Vita, A., & Turrina, C. (2015) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/yic.0000000000000074 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Pintor, L.
- Affiliations
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Pintor, L
- ORCID
- Pintor, L
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-02
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 237-244
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2007622737
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, relapse, remission, partial remission, complete remission, outpatients, antidepressant treatment, recurrence prediction, long-term follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Antidepressive Agents, Combined Modality Therapy, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychotherapy, Recurrence, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review