Forebrain gene expression domains and the evolving prosomeric model
Abstract
The prosomeric model attributes morphological meaning to gene expression patterns and other data in the forebrain. It divides this territory into the same transverse segments (prosomeres) and longitudinal zones in all vertebrates. The axis and longitudinal zones of this model are widely accepted but controversy subsists about the number of prosomeres and their nature as segments. We describe difficulties encountered in establishing continuity between prosomeric limits postulated in the hypothalamus and intra-telencephalic limits. Such difficulties throw doubt on the intersegmental nature of these limits. We sketch a simplified model, in which the secondary prosencephalon (telencephalon plus hypothalamus) is a complex protosegment not subdivided into prosomeres, which exhibits patterning singularities. By contrast, we continue to postulate that prosomeres p1-p3 (i.e. the pretectum, thalamus and prethalamus) are the caudal forebrain.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Phylogenetically, some of the oldest cortical regions lie on the inferior brain surface in the medial aspect of the temporal lobe (posterior piriform cortex and entorhinal cortex) or on the inferior and medial aspect of the frontal lobe near the caudal end of the olfactory sulcus (anterior piriform cortex and orbital periallocortex).
“Phylogenetically, some of the oldest cortical regions lie on the inferior brain surface in the medial aspect of the temporal lobe (the posterior part of the piriform cortex and the entorhinal cortex, for example) or on the inferior and medial aspect of the frontal lobe near the caudal end of the olfactory sulcus (anterior piriform cortex and the orbital periallocortex) (35–37).”
From Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood (2004) · cites this paper as [36]
Cites
Paxinos, G. (1985) · Cited by 3,715 · see citing works
The Central Nervous System of Vertebrates
Nieuwenhuys, R., ten Donkelaar, H. J., & Nicholson, C. (1998) · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18262-4 · Cited by 1,249 · see citing works
Patterning the Vertebrate Neuraxis
Lumsden, A., & Krumlauf, R. K. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5290.1109 · Cited by 1,146 · see citing works
Puelles, L., & Rubenstein, J. L. R. (1993) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(93)90080-6 · Cited by 784 · see citing works
Self-citationBone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) as regulators of dorsal forebrain development
Furuta, Y., Piston, D. W., & Hogan, B. L. M. (1997) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.124.11.2203 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Oliver, G. C., Mailhos, A., Wehr, R., Copeland, N. G., Jenkins, N. A., & Gruß, P. (1995) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.121.12.4045 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Longitudinal organization of the anterior neural plate and neural tube
Shimamura, K., Hartigan-O’Connor, D. J., Martı́nez, S., Puelles, L., & Rubenstein, J. L. R. (1995) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.121.12.3923 · Cited by 657 · see citing works
Self-citationGrove, E. A., Tole, S., Limon, J., Yip, L., & Ragsdale, C. W. (1998) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.125.12.2315 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Bulfone, A., Puelles, L., Porteus, M. H., FROHMAN, M., Martin, G. R., & Rubenstein, J. L. R. (1993) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.13-07-03155.1993 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Self-citationREGIONALIZATION OF THE PROSENCEPHALIC NEURAL PLATE
Rubenstein, J. L. R., Shimamura, K., Martı́nez, S., & Puelles, L. (1998) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.445 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Embryonic Vertebrate Forebrain: the Prosomeric Model
Rubenstein, J. L. R., Martinez, S., Shimamura, K., & Puelles, L. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7939711 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Self-citationLagutin, O. V., Zhu, C. C., Kobayashi, D., Topczewski, J., Shimamura, K., Puelles, L., Russell, H. R. C., McKinnon, P. J., Solnica‐Krezel, L., & Oliver, G. C. (2003) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1059403 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Self-citationBulfone, A., Smiga, S., Shimamura, K., Peterson, A. S., Puelles, L., & Rubenstein, J. L. R. (1995) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90065-9 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Self-citationMuhr, J., Andersson, E., Persson, M., Jessell, T., & Ericson, J. (2001) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00283-5 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Segmental organization of embryonic diencephalon
Figdor, M. C., & Stern, C. D. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/363630a0 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Encyclopedia of the human brain
(2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.40-2552 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Fernandez, A. S., Pieau, C., Repérant, J., Boncinelli, E., & Wassef, M. (1998) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.125.11.2099 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Barth, K. A., & Wilson, S. W. (1995) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.121.6.1755 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Induction and Dorsoventral Patterning of the Telencephalon
Wilson, S. W., & Rubenstein, J. L. R. (2000) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00171-9 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Self-citationMorphological Fate of Rhombomeres in Quail/Chick Chimeras: A Segmental Analysis of Hindbrain Nuclei
Marı́n, F., & Puelles, L. (1995) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb00693.x · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Self-citationStoykova, A., Götz, M., Gruss, P., & Price, J. (1997) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.124.19.3765 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Cellular signaling by neural cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily
Crossin, K. L., & Krushel, L. A. (2000) · Developmental Dynamics · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0177(200006)218:2 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Crossley, P. H., Martı́nez, S., Ohkubo, Y., & Rubenstein, J. L. R. (2001) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00411-0 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Central Nervous System of Vertebrates
Swanson, G. J. (1998) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01348-4 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Puelles, L., Amat, J., & Martinez-de-la-Torre, M. (1987) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902660210 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Self-citationRedies, C., & Takeichi, M. (1996) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.1996.0315 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
MacDonald, R. E., Xu, Q., Barth, K., et al. (1994) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90044-2 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Mufson, E. J., Ma, S. Y., Cochran, E. J., Bennett, D. A., Beckett, L., Jaffar, S., Saragovi, H. U., & Kordower, J. H. (2000) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/1096-9861(20001106)427:1 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Murakami, Y., Ogasawara, M., Sugahara, F., Hirano, S., Satoh, N., & Kuratani, S. (2001) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.128.18.3521 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Fan, C., Kuwana, E., Bulfone, A., Fletcher, C., Copeland, N. G., Jenkins, N. A., Crews, S. T., Martı́nez, S., Puelles, L., Rubenstein, J. L. R., et al. (1996) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1006/mcne.1996.0037 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, W., & Lufkin, T. (2000) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.2000.9902 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Puelles, L. (2001) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0973 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Self-citationA Segmental Morphological Paradigm for Understanding Vertebrate Forebrains (Part 1 of 2)
Puelles, L. (2008) · Brain Behavior and Evolution · doi:10.1159/000113282 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationSimeone, A., D’Apice, M. R., Nigro, V., Casanova, J., Graziani, F., Acampora, D., & Avantaggiato, V. (1994) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90461-8 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Cobos, I., Shimamura, K., Rubenstein, J. L. R., Martı́nez, S., & Puelles, L. (2001) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.2001.0423 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citationLIM-homeodomain gene Lhx2 regulates the formation of the cortical hem
Bulchand, S., Grove, E. A., Porter, F. D., & Tole, S. (2001) · Mechanisms of Development · doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00515-3 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Miura, H., Yanazawa, M., Kato, K., & Kitamura, K. (1997) · Mechanisms of Development · doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(97)00062-2 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Lhx9: A Novel LIM-Homeodomain Gene Expressed in the Developing Forebrain
Rétaux, S., Rogard, M., Bach, I., Failli, V., & Besson, M. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-02-00783.1999 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Fan, C., Kuwana, E., Bulfone, A., Fletcher, C., Copeland, N. G., Jenkins, N. A., Crews, S. T., Martı́nez, S., Puelles, L., Rubenstein, J. L. R., et al. (1996) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1006/mcne.1996.0001 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationLoosli, F., Köster, R. W., Carl, M., Krone, A., & Wittbrodt, J. (1998) · Mechanisms of Development · doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00055-0 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
The Nodal Pathway Acts Upstream of Hedgehog Signaling to Specify Ventral Telencephalic Identity
Rohr, K. B., Barth, K. A., Varga, Z. M., & Wilson, S. W. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00210-0 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Lamprey Dlx genes and early vertebrate evolution
Neidert, A., Virupannavar, V., Hooker, G. W., & Langeland, J. A. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.98.4.1665 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Brain segmentation and forebrain development in amniotes
Puelles, L. (2001) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00588-3 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Self-citationBoundary Formation and Compartition in the Avian Diencephalon
Larsen, C. W., Zeltser, L. M., & Lumsden, A. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-13-04699.2001 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Brox, A., Puelles, L., Ferreiro, B., & Medina, L. M. (2003) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.10688 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citationBachy, I., Vernier, P., & Rétaux, S. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-19-07620.2001 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system.
Holland, L., & Holland, N. (1999) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(99)00003-3 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Puelles, L., Milán, F. J., & Martı́nez-de-la-Torre, M. (2008) · Brain Behavior and Evolution · doi:10.1159/000113247 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Homeobox Gene Hesx1 Is Required in the Anterior Neural Ectoderm for Normal Forebrain Formation
Martı́nez-Barberá, J. P., Rodríguez, T. A., & Beddington, R. S. P. (2000) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.2000.9757 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Hellmann, B., & Güntürkün, O. (2000) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/1096-9861(20000101)429:1 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Mucchielli, M., Martı́nez, S., Pattyn, A., et al. (1996) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1006/mcne.1996.0062 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Hauptmann, G., & Gerster, T. (2000) · Mechanisms of Development · doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00277-4 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Shimamura, K., Martı́nez, S., Puelles, L., & Rubenstein, J. L. R. (1997) · Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1159/000111190 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationFate map of the chicken neural plate at stage 4
Fernández-Garre, P., Rodríguez‐Gallardo, L., Gallego-Dı́az, V., et al. (2002) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.129.12.2807 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Deuterostome brains: synopsis and commentary
Nieuwenhuys, R. (2002) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00668-2 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
(2000) · Results and problems in cell differentiation · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-48002-0 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Zhou, L., Dey, C. R., Wert, S. E., Yan, C., Costa, R. H., & Whitsett, J. A. (1997) · Developmental Dynamics · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0177(199711)210:3 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Wilson, M. T., & Snow, D. M. (2000) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/1096-9861(20000828)424:3 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Hauptmann, G., Söll, I., & Gerster, T. (2002) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00691-8 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Molecular Evolution of the Brain of Chordates
Williams, N. A., & Holland, P. W. H. (1998) · Brain Behavior and Evolution · doi:10.1159/000006562 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Morphogenesis and General Structure
Nieuwenhuys, R. (1998) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18262-4_4 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Neurogenetic Compartments of the Mouse Diencephalon and some Characteristic Gene Expression Patterns
Martı́nez, S., & Puelles, L. (2000) · Results and problems in cell differentiation · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-48002-0_4 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationAvantaggiato, V., Pandolfi, P., Ruthardt, M., et al. (1995) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-07-04927.1995 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Gene Maps and Related Histogenetic Domains in the Forebrain and Midbrain
Puelles, L., Martı́nez, S., Martı́nez-de-la-Torre, M., & Rubenstein, J. L. R. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374245-2.00001-2 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationStabilizing the regionalisation of the developing vertebrate central nervous system
Pasini, A., & Wilkinson, D. G. (2002) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.10085 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Distribution of CGRP-like immunoreactivity in the chick and quail brain
Lanuza, E., Davies, D. C., Landete, J. M., Novejarque, A., & Martínez‐Garciá, F. (2000) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(20000612)421:4 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Demarcation of prosencephalic regions by CD15‐positive radial glia
Mai, J. K., Andressen, C., & Ashwell, K. W. S. (1998) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00029.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The Central Nervous System in Vertebrates
Snider, R. S. (1969) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.19.5.517 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Mathis, L., Sieur, J., Voiculescu, O., et al. (1999) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.126.18.4095 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Lu, S., Shashikant, C. S., & Ruddle, F. H. (1996) · Mechanisms of Development · doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(96)00576-x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Propaedeutics to Comparative Neurology
Kuhlenbeck, H. (1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood
Gogtay, N., Giedd, J. N., Lusk, L., Hayashi, K. M., Greenstein, D., Vaituzis, A. C., Nugent, T. F., Herman, D. H., Clasen, L. S., Toga, A. W., et al. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0402680101 · Cited by 5,604 · see citing works
The Glial Nature of Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cells
Kriegstein, A., & Alvarez-Buylla, A. (2009) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135600 · Cited by 2,475 · see citing works
Sleep spindles: mechanisms and functions
Fernandez, L. M. J., & Lüthi, A. (2020) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00042.2018 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
Patterning and plasticity of the cerebral cortex
Sur, M., & Rubenstein, J. L. R. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1112070 · Cited by 677 · see citing works
Self-citationA High-Resolution Anatomical Atlas of the Transcriptome in the Mouse Embryo
Diez-Roux, G., Banfi, S., Sultan, M., Geffers, L., Anand, S., Rozado, D., Magen, A., Canidio, E., Pagani, M., Peluso, I., et al. (2011) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000582 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Teleostean and mammalian forebrains contrasted: Evidence from genes to behavior
Wullimann, M. F., & Mueller, T. (2004) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.20183 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
A cellular and spatial map of the choroid plexus across brain ventricles and ages
Dani, N., Herbst, R. H., McCabe, C., Green, G. S., Kaiser, K., Head, J. P., Cui, J., Shipley, F. B., Jang, A., Dionne, D., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.003 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Kapsimali, M., Kloosterman, W. P., de Bruijn, E., Rosa, F., Plasterk, R. H., & Wilson, S. W. (2007) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-8-r173 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Genetic topography of brain morphology
Chen, C.-H., Fiecas, M., Gutiérrez, E. D., Panizzon, M. S., Eyler, L. T., Vuoksimaa, E., Thompson, W. K., Fennema-Notestine, C., Hagler, D. J., Jernigan, T. L., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1308091110 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Chapter 3 The Developmental Integration of Cortical Interneurons into a Functional Network
Batista‐Brito, R., & Fishell, G. (2009) · Current Topics in Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/s0070-2153(09)01203-4 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Zhao, Y., Flandin, P., Long, J. E., Cuesta, M. D., Westphal, H., & Rubenstein, J. L. R. (2008) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.21772 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Self-citationKubo, F., Hablitzel, B., Dal Maschio, M., Driever, W., Baier, H., & Arrenberg, A. B. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.02.043 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
What is the Thalamus in Zebrafish?
Mueller, T. (2012) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2012.00064 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Cephalopod Brains: An Overview of Current Knowledge to Facilitate Comparison With Vertebrates
Shigeno, S., Andrews, P. L. R., Ponte, G., & Fiorito, G. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00952 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Peukert, D., Weber, S., Lumsden, A., & Scholpp, S. (2011) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001218 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Alonso, A., Merchán, P., Sandoval, J. E., Sánchez-Arrones, L., Garcia-Cazorla, A., Artuch, R., Ferrán, J. L., Martínez-de-la-Torre, M., & Puelles, L. (2013) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-012-0456-8 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationRadial glia cells in the developing human brain
Howard, B. M., Mo, Z., Filipovic, R., Moore, A. R., Antic, S. D., & Zecevic, N. (2008) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858407313512 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Dual midbrain and forebrain origins of thalamic inhibitory interneurons
Jager, P., Moore, G., Calpin, P., Durmishi, X., Salgarella, I., Menage, L., Kita, Y., Wang, Y., Kim, D. W., Blackshaw, S., et al. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.59272 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Inda, M. C., DeFelipe, J., & Munoz, A. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn057 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Mallika, C., Guo, Q., & Li, J. Y. H. (2015) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.08.010 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Based on the pattern of gene expression and axonal tracts, the diencephalon is divided into three developmental compartments called prosomeres (Rubenstein et al., 1994; Puelles and Rubenstein, 2003).”
BackgroundPuelles, L., Diaz, C., Stühmer, T., Ferran, J. L., Martínez‐de la Torre, M., & Rubenstein, J. L. R. (2021) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.24952 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationLahti, L., Peltopuro, P., Piepponen, T. P., & Partanen, J. (2012) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.071936 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Smits, S. M., von Oerthel, L., Hoekstra, E. J., Burbach, J. P. H., & Smidt, M. P. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076037 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Evolutionary development of neural systems in vertebrates and beyond
O’Connell, L. A. (2013) · Journal of Neurogenetics · doi:10.3109/01677063.2013.789511 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
- Authors
- Puelles, L., & Rubenstein, J. L. R.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Murcia (ES)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Venue
- Trends in Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 469-476
- ISSN
- 0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2083404062
- Cited by
- 734
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 2.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (2k02mh001046-06)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K02MH01046)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
- Keywords
- prosomeric model, forebrain development, gene expression domains, hypothalamus, telencephalon, thalamus, prethalamus, pretectum
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Hypothalamus, Models, Neurological, Telencephalon, Gene Expression, Prosencephalon
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review