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Nutritional Infertility: The Role of the Interconnected Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y–Galanin–Opioid Network

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Central Orexin-A Augments Sympathoadrenal Outflow in Conscious Rabbits

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Central Administration of Orexin A Suppresses Basal and Domperidone Stimulated Plasma Prolactin

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Hypocretin/orexin suppresses corticotroph responsiveness in vitro

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The Hypothalamic Orexinergic System: Pain and Primary Headaches

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Orexins Mediate Sex Differences in the Stress Response and in Cognitive Flexibility

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Altered CSF Orexin and α-Synuclein Levels in Dementia Patients

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Neurobiological and Hormonal Mechanisms Regulating Women’s Sleep

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Impact of proestrous milieu on expression of orexin receptors and prepro-orexin in rat hypothalamus and hypophysis: actions of Cetrorelix and Nembutal

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Neonatal overfeeding alters adult anxiety and stress responsiveness

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Cerebrospinal Fluid Melanin-Concentrating Hormone (MCH) and Hypocretin-1 (HCRT-1, Orexin-A) in Alzheimer’s Disease

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A review of sex differences in the mechanisms and drivers of overeating

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Cross-talk between orexins (hypocretins) and the neuroendocrine axes (hypothalamic–pituitary axes)

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Gonadal Steroids Differentially Regulate the Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression of Pituitary Orexin Type 1 Receptors and Adrenal Orexin Type 2 Receptors

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The contribution of orexins to sex differences in the stress response

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Intermittent voluntary ethanol consumption combined with ethanol vapor exposure during adolescence increases drinking and alters other behaviors in adulthood in female and male rats

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Age- and gender-specific changes of hypocretin immunopositive neurons in C57Bl/6 mice

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The Orexin-1 Receptor Antagonist SB-334867 Reduces Alcohol Relapse Drinking, but not Alcohol-Seeking, in Alcohol-Preferring (P) Rats

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Sex difference in body weight gain and leptin signaling in hypocretin/orexin deficient mouse models

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New Aspects of Corpus Luteum Regulation in Physiological and Pathological Conditions: Involvement of Adipokines and Neuropeptides

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Orexin, serotonin, and energy balance

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Sex Differences in Escalated Methamphetamine Self-Administration and Altered Gene Expression Associated With Incubation of Methamphetamine Seeking

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Evidence for an association between migraine and the hypocretin receptor 1 gene

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Orexin-A acts on the paraventricular nucleus of the midline thalamus to inhibit locomotor activity in rats

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Hypocretin/orexin increases the expression of steroidogenic enzymes in human adrenocortical NCI H295R cells

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Association of An Orexin 1 Receptor 408Val Variant with Polydipsia–Hyponatremia in Schizophrenic Subjects

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Ghrelin's control of food reward and body weight in the lateral hypothalamic area is sexually dimorphic

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Panic disorder is associated with the Val308Iso polymorphism in the hypocretin receptor gene

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Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Expression of Juvenile and Middle-Aged Rats after Early Postnatal Food Restriction

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Effect of dietary fatty acid composition on food intake, triglycerides, and hypothalamic peptides

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Sex- and Brain Region-specific Changes in Gene Expression in Male and Female Rats as Consequences of Methamphetamine Self-administration and Abstinence

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Localization of orexin A and orexin B in the porcine uterus

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Respiratory manifestations of panic disorder in animals and humans: A unique opportunity to understand how supramedullary structures regulate breathing

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Gender differences between hypocretin/orexin knockout and wild type mice: age, body weight, body composition, metabolic markers, leptin and insulin resistance

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Orexin deficiency modulates cognitive flexibility in a sex‐dependent manner

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Understanding the Role of Orexin Neuropeptides in Drug Addiction: Preclinical Studies and Translational Value

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Expression of orexin receptors 1 (OX1R) and 2 (OX2R) in the porcine pituitary during the oestrous cycle

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Orexin in the anxiety spectrum: association of a HCRTR1 polymorphism with panic disorder/agoraphobia, CBT treatment response and fear-related intermediate phenotypes

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Updating gender differences in the control of homeostatic and hedonic food intake: Implications for binge eating disorder

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Orexins (hypocretins): The intersection between homeostatic and hedonic feeding

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Expression of orexins and their precursor in the porcine ovary and the influence of orexins on ovarian steroidogenesis in pigs

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Estradiol and orexin-2 saporin actions on multiple forms of behavioral arousal in female mice.

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Correction: Cerebrospinal Fluid Melanin-Concentrating Hormone (MCH) and Hypocretin-1 (HCRT-1, Orexin-A) in Alzheimer’s Disease

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Effects of sex and estrous cycle on sleep and cataplexy in narcoleptic mice

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Gender medicine and sleep disorders: from basic science to clinical research

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Neurophysiological and Behavioral Effects of Anti-Orexinergic Treatments in a Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease

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Risks and Prognoses of Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia in Patients With Insomnia: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

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Orexin deficiency affects sociability and the acquisition, expression, and extinction of conditioned social fear

Faesel, N., Kolodziejczyk, M. H., Koch, M., & Fendt, M. (2020) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147199 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

The effect of the estrous cycle on the expression of prepro-orexin gene and protein and the levels of orexin A and B in the porcine pituitary

Smolińska, N., Nitkiewicz, A., Maleszka, A., Kieżun, M., Dobrzyń, K., Czerwińśka, J., Chojnowska, K., & Kamiński, T. (2013) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731113002152 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Social Interaction Is Less Rewarding in Adult Female than in Male Mice

Granza, A. E., Amaral, I. M., Monteiro, D. G., Salti, A., Hofer, A., & Rawas, R. E. (2023) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci13101445 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Counterbalanced microcircuits for Orx1 and Orx2 regulation of stress reactivity

Yaeger, J. D. W., Krupp, K. T., Gale, J., & Summers, C. H. (2020) · Medicine in Drug Discovery · doi:10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100059 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Expression of orexin A and B in the porcine hypothalamus during the oestrous cycle.

Maleszka, A., Smolińska, N., Nitkiewicz, A., Kieżun, M., Chojnowska, K., Dobrzyń, K., Jazowska, J., & Kamiński, T. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Distinct roles for orexin-1 and orexin-2 receptors in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the methamphetamine-seeking behavior in the rats

Nazari-Serenjeh, F., Azizbeigi, R., Rashvand, M., Mesgar, S., Amirteymori, H., & Haghparast, A. (2022) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121262 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

A male-specific mechanism of meningeal nociceptor sensitization promoting migraine headache

Kopruszinski, C. M., Lee, G., Martin, L. K., Barber, K. R., Moutal, A., Dodick, D. W., Navratilova, E., & Porreca, F. (2024) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1177/03331024241281493 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

The preliminary investigation of orexigenic hormone gene polymorphisms on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms

Li, G., Zhang, K., Wang, L., Cao, C., Fang, R., Liu, P., Luo, S., & Liberzon, I. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.09.042 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Anterior cingulate cortex orexin signaling mediates early-life stress-induced social impairment in females

Luo, F., Deng, J.-Y., Sun, X., Zhen, J., & Luo, X.-D. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2220353120 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Sex differences in heart rate variability during sleep following prenatal nicotine exposure in rat pups

Boychuk, C. R., Fuller, D. D., & Hayward, L. F. (2010) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.12.013 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Orexin A and B in vitro modify orexins receptors expression and Gonadotropins secretion of anterior pituitary cells of proestrous rats

Cataldi, N. I., Lux-Lantos, V. A., & Libertun, C. (2013) · Regulatory Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2013.12.002 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Central blockade of orexin type 1 receptors reduces naloxone induced activation of locus coeruleus neurons in morphine dependent rats

Aghajani, N., Pourhamzeh, M., Azizi, H., & Semnanian, S. (2021) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135909 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Gender differences in narcolepsy: What are recent findings telling us?

Schmidt, M. H., & Bassetti, C. L. (2022) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsac126 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Affects Orexin/Hypocretin Physiology Differently in Male and Female Mice

Somach, R. T., Jean, I. D., Farrugia, A. M., & Cohen, A. S. (2023) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2023.0125 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Characterization of appetite-regulating factors in platyfish, Xiphophorus maculatus (Cyprinodontiformes Poeciliidae)

Pitts, P. M., & Volkoff, H. (2017) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.03.018 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Involvement of orexin/hypocretin in the expression of social play behaviour in juvenile rats

Reppucci, C. J., Gergely, C. K., Bredewold, R., & Veenema, A. H. (2020) · International Journal of Play · doi:10.1080/21594937.2020.1720132 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

In vivo Evidence for Brain Region-Specific Molecular Interactions Between Cannabinoid and Orexin Receptors

Kim, H. J. J., Zagzoog, A., Smolyakova, A.-M., Ezeaka, U. C., Benko, M. J., Holt, T., & Laprairie, R. B. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.790546 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Effects of sex and reproductive experience on the number of orexin A-immunoreactive cells in the prairie vole brain

Donlin, M., Cavanaugh, B. L., Spagnuolo, O. S. B., Yan, L., & Lonstein, J. S. (2014) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2014.05.004 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Orexin A injection into the ventral medial prefrontal cortex induces antidepressant-like effects: Possible involvement of local Orexin-1 and Trk receptors

Stanquini, L. A., Sartim, A. G., & Joca, S. R. L. (2020) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112866 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Intracerebroventricular infusion of the selective orexin 1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 impairs cognitive flexibility in a sex-dependent manner

Durairaja, A., Steinecke, C.-S., & Fendt, M. (2022) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113791 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Perinatal programming of the orexinergic (hypocretinergic) system in hypothalamus and anterior pituitary by testosterone

Cataldi, N. I., Lux-Lantos, V. A., & Libertun, C. (2017) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2017.04.006 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Orexin Receptor Targets for Anti-Relapse Medication Development in Drug Addiction

Zhou, L., Sun, W., & See, R. E. (2011) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph4060804 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

The effect of diet-induced obesity on sleep and breathing in female mice

Kim, L. J., Pho, H., Anokye‐Danso, F., Ahima, R. S., Pham, L. V., & Polotsky, V. Y. (2023) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsad158 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

The role of orexin-1 receptors within the ventral tegmental area in the extinction and reinstatement of methamphetamine place preference

Zamanirad, F., Fattahi, M., Amirteymori, H., Mousavi, Z., & Haghparast, A. (2023) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114608 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Adrenal expression of orexin receptor subtypes is differentially regulated in experimental streptozotocin induced type-1 diabetes

Jöhren, O., Gremmels, J. A. F., Qadri, F., Dendorfer, A., & Dominiak, P. (2006) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2006.05.008 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Cellular Localization of Orexin 1 Receptor in Human Hypothalamus and Morphological Analysis of Neurons Expressing the Receptor

Vraka, K., Mytilinaios, D. G., Katsenos, A. P., Serbis, A., Balogiannis, S., Bellos, S., Simos, Y. V., Tzavellas, N. P., Konitsiotis, S., Vezyraki, P., et al. (2023) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom13040592 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Impact of daytime light intensity on the central orexin (hypocretin) system of a diurnal rodent ( Arvicanthis niloticus )

Lonstein, J. S., Linning‐Duffy, K., Tang, Y., Moody, A., & Yan, L. (2021) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.15248 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Orexin deficiency affects sensorimotor gating and its amphetamine-induced impairment

Demidova, A., Kahl, E., & Fendt, M. (2022) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110517 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Changes in plasma orexin A and orexin B concentrations during the estrous cycle of the pig

Kamiński, T., Nitkiewicz, A., & Smolińska, N. (2012) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2012.11.003 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Activation of nuclear factor Kappa B pathway and reduction of hypothalamic oxytocin following hypothalamic lesions

Roth, C. L., D'Ambrosio, G., & Elfers, C. (2016) · Journal of Systems and Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.15761/jsin.1000114 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Investigating a role of orexin and ‘cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript’ in the nucleus accumbens shell in binge eating of male rats and the relationship with impulsivity

Schuller, J., & Koch, M. (2022) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114000 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Orexin/Hypocretin Modulates Neuroinflammatory Response to LPS in a Sex and Brain‐Region Specific Manner in Young Rats

Frick, M. A., Woodruff, J. L., Caudillo, Y. M., Pikel, K., Rehm, J. V., Maciejewska, N., Grillo, C. A., Reagan, L. P., & Fadel, J. R. (2025) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.70175 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

A direct estrogenic involvement in the expression of human hypocretin

Li, H., Chen, X., Dong, J., Liu, R., Duan, J., Huang, M., Hu, S., & Lü, J. (2024) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122581 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Sex-dimorphic functions of orexin in neuropsychiatric disorders

Zhang, J., Jin, K., Chen, B., Cheng, S., Jin, J., Yang, X., Lü, J., & Song, Q. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36402 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

The arousal effect of hyperbaric oxygen through orexin/hypocretin an upregulation on ketamine/ethanol‐induced unconsciousness in male rats

Bian, H., Huang, L., Li, B., Hu, Q., Liang, X., Tang, J., & Zhang, J. H. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24414 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Appetitive Behavior in the Social Transmission of Food Preference Paradigm Predicts Activation of Orexin-A producing Neurons in a Sex-Dependent Manner

Agee, L. A., Nemchek, V., Malone, C. A., Lee, H. J., & Monfils, M. (2021) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.11.032 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Orexins/hypocretins and sex

Jöhren, O. (2017) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2017.10.014 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Sex-dependent role of orexin deficiency in feeding behavior and affective state of mice following intermittent access to a Western diet – Implications for binge-like eating behavior

Faesel, N., Koch, M., & Fendt, M. (2022) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114069 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Central hypocretin/orexin administration alleviates sleep/wake disturbances, anhedonia, and neuroinflammation in an animal model of seasonal affective disorder

Costello, A., Linning‐Duffy, K., Shi, J., Lonstein, J. S., & Yan, L. (2026) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2025.2611202 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Hypocretin in the nucleus accumbens shell modulates social approach in female but not male California mice

Luo, P. X., Godoy, A. S., Zakharenkov, H. C., Vang, N., Wright, E. C., Balantac, T. A., Archdeacon, S. C., Black, A. M., Lake, A. A., Ramirez, A. V., et al. (2024) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-024-01937-9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Plasticity of the hypocretinergic/orexinergic system after a chronic treatment with suvorexant in rats. Role of the hypocretinergic/orexinergic receptor 1 as an autoreceptor

Carrera-Cañas, C., de Andrés, I., Callejo, M., & Garzón, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.1013182 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Hypocretins in Endocrine Regulation

López, M., Tena‐Sempere, M., García‐Caballero, T., Señarís, R. M., & Diéguez, C. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-25446-3_27 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Sex-dependent effects of monomeric α-synuclein on calcium and cell death of lateral hypothalamic mouse neurons are altered by orexin

Bohid, S., Ali, L. K., Leguizamón, C. R. R., Langkilde, A. E., dos Santos, A. B., & Kohlmeier, K. A. (2024) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103934 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Fentanyl demand and seeking in female rats: Role of the orexin system and estrous cycle

Nogueira, D. D. S., Corwin, C., Rakholia, Y., Punnuru, V., Nampally, M., Kohtz, A. S., & Aston‐Jones, G. (2024) · Addiction Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100178 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Orexin/Hypocretin System

Somach, R. T., Lim, M. M., & Cohen, A. S. (2025) · Neurotrauma Reports · doi:10.1089/neur.2024.0111 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Neurobiology of opioid use disorder

Cucinello‐Ragland, J. A., Lintz, T., & Morón, J. A. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-26504-4.00008-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Regulatory cycles of orexin and glucagon-Like peptide-1 in postviral syndromes

Ruhrländer, J., Schieffer, E., & Schieffer, B. (2026) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnag009 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

CO2 exposure enhances Fos expression in hypothalamic neurons in rats during the light and dark phases of the diurnal cycle

da Silva, E. N., Horta‐Júnior, J. D. A. C., Gargaglioni, L. H., & Dias, M. B. (2022) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-022-02562-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Orexin deficiency modulates the dipsogenic effects of angiotensin II in a sex-dependent manner

Faesel, N., Koch, M., & Fendt, M. (2023) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171127 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Hypocretin/orexin peptide release occurs mostly extrasynaptically, is self-controlled, and specifically enhanced in female rats

Carrera-Cañas, C., de Andrés, I., Callejo, M., & Garzón, M. (2025) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2025.115438 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Prepro-Orexin and Orexin Receptor mRNAs Are Differentially Expressed in Peripheral Tissues of Male and Female Rats

Jöhren, O., Neidert, S. J., Kummer, M., Dendorfer, A., & Dominiak, P. (2001) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.142.8.8299 · Cited by 304 · see citing works

P.1.g.002 The orexin A plasma levels in patients with restrictive type of anorexia nervosa

Janas-Kozik, M. H., Krupka-Matuszczyk, I., & Matuszczyk, M. (2006) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(06)70276-0

Variation in the Expression of Orexin and Orexin Receptors in the Rat Hypothalamus During the Estrous Cycle, Pregnancy, Parturition, and Lactation

Wang, J., Murata, T., Narita, K., Honda, K., & Higuchi, T. (2003) · Endocrine · doi:10.1385/endo:22:2:127 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Cytosolic calcium elevation induced by orexin/hypocretin in granule cell domain cells of the rat cochlear nucleus in vitro

Yoshida, T., Nakamura, Y., & Sasaki, K. (2010) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.1222

Developmental changes in the hypothalamic mRNA levels of prepro‐orexin and orexin receptors and their sensitivity to fasting in male and female rats

Iwasa, T., Matsuzaki, T., Munkhzaya, M., Tungalagsuvd, A., Kuwahara, A., Yasui, T., & Irahara, M. (2015) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.07.005 · Cited by 25 · see citing works