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Validation of a bioelectrical impedance analysis equation to predict appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM)
Abstract
Rationale Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) is useful in the evaluation of nutritional status because it reflects the body muscle protein mass. The purpose of this study was to validate, against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), a BIA equation to predict ASMM to be used in volunteers and patients. Method Healthy men (n = 246 men, BMI 25.3+/-2.9 kg/m(2)) and women (n =198, 24.1+/-3.6 kg/m(2)), and heart, lung and liver transplant patients (213 men, BMI of 24.6+/-4.4 kg/m(2); 113 women, BMI 23.0+/-5.2 kg/m(2)) were measured by BIA (Xitron Technologies) and DEXA (Hologic QDR 4500). A BIA equation to predict ASMM (kg) that included height(2)/resistance, weight, gender, age and reactance, was developed by means of multiple regressions. [table: see text] Mean difference (Bland-Altman) for volunteers was 0.1+/-1.1 kg, r =0.95, SEE 1.12 kg and for patients -0.4+/-1.5 kg, r =0.91, SEE 1.5 kg. Best fitted multiple regression equation was -4.211 + (0.267 x height2 / resistance) + (0.095 x weight)+(1.909 x sex (men = 1, women = 0)) + (-0.012 x age) + (0.058 x reactance). Conclusions BIA permits the prediction of ASMM in healthy volunteers and patients between 22 and 94 years of age. A slightly larger, though clinically not significant, error was noted in patients.
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In the citing paper
“No generalizable formulas exist that are derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for predicting appendicular lean mass (ALM) and fat mass (AFM) in sarcopenic older adults.”
From Predicting appendicular lean and fat mass with bioelectrical impedance analysis in older adults with physical function decline – The PROVIDE study (2017) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“The existing models of Kyle et al. [12] and of Sergi et al. [13] overestimated significantly lean-DXA outcome.”
From Predicting appendicular lean and fat mass with bioelectrical impedance analysis in older adults with physical function decline – The PROVIDE study (2017) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“The proposed ALM equations seem to be more reliable when applied to sarcopenic older adults than the ones previously published in the literature [12,13], which were developed in adults without physical function decline.”
From Predicting appendicular lean and fat mass with bioelectrical impedance analysis in older adults with physical function decline – The PROVIDE study (2017) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Particularly, the equations predicting LSM were developed for the appendicular [61, 77] and trunk [61] body segments.”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [77]
In the citing paper
“Two equations are suitable for estimating TBW [42, 54], ten for estimating LSM [61, 77], and one for estimating SMM [82] in both sexes.”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [77]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kyle, U. G., Genton, L., Hans, D., & Pichard, C.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Pichard, C
- Venue
- Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 537-543
- ISSN
- 0261-5614 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2072278615
- Cited by
- 248
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- appendicular skeletal muscle mass, bioelectrical impedance analysis, equation validation, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, nutritional assessment, transplant recipients, reactance, body composition
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anthropometry, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Predictive Value of Tests, Reference Values, Regression Analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Absorptiometry, Photon, Electric Impedance, Muscle, Skeletal
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