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Validation of a bioelectrical impedance analysis equation to predict appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM)
Abstract
Rationale Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) is useful in the evaluation of nutritional status because it reflects the body muscle protein mass. The purpose of this study was to validate, against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), a BIA equation to predict ASMM to be used in volunteers and patients. Method Healthy men (n = 246 men, BMI 25.3+/-2.9 kg/m(2)) and women (n =198, 24.1+/-3.6 kg/m(2)), and heart, lung and liver transplant patients (213 men, BMI of 24.6+/-4.4 kg/m(2); 113 women, BMI 23.0+/-5.2 kg/m(2)) were measured by BIA (Xitron Technologies) and DEXA (Hologic QDR 4500). A BIA equation to predict ASMM (kg) that included height(2)/resistance, weight, gender, age and reactance, was developed by means of multiple regressions. [table: see text] Mean difference (Bland-Altman) for volunteers was 0.1+/-1.1 kg, r =0.95, SEE 1.12 kg and for patients -0.4+/-1.5 kg, r =0.91, SEE 1.5 kg. Best fitted multiple regression equation was -4.211 + (0.267 x height2 / resistance) + (0.095 x weight)+(1.909 x sex (men = 1, women = 0)) + (-0.012 x age) + (0.058 x reactance). Conclusions BIA permits the prediction of ASMM in healthy volunteers and patients between 22 and 94 years of age. A slightly larger, though clinically not significant, error was noted in patients.
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“No generalizable formulas exist that are derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for predicting appendicular lean mass (ALM) and fat mass (AFM) in sarcopenic older adults.”
From Predicting appendicular lean and fat mass with bioelectrical impedance analysis in older adults with physical function decline – The PROVIDE study (2017) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“The existing models of Kyle et al. [12] and of Sergi et al. [13] overestimated significantly lean-DXA outcome.”
From Predicting appendicular lean and fat mass with bioelectrical impedance analysis in older adults with physical function decline – The PROVIDE study (2017) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“The proposed ALM equations seem to be more reliable when applied to sarcopenic older adults than the ones previously published in the literature [12,13], which were developed in adults without physical function decline.”
From Predicting appendicular lean and fat mass with bioelectrical impedance analysis in older adults with physical function decline – The PROVIDE study (2017) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Particularly, the equations predicting LSM were developed for the appendicular [61, 77] and trunk [61] body segments.”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [77]
In the citing paper
“Two equations are suitable for estimating TBW [42, 54], ten for estimating LSM [61, 77], and one for estimating SMM [82] in both sexes.”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [77]
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“058 reactance)] and adjusted for height(2) to calculate appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI).(9) Sarcopenia was defined as an ASMI below 7.”
Ceolin, C., Acunto, V., Simonato, C., Cazzavillan, S., Vergadoro, M., Papa, M. V., Trapella, G. S., Sermasi, R., Noale, M., RUI, M. D., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Frailty & Aging · doi:10.14283/jfa.2024.4 · Cited by 16
“The repeatability and accuracy of the resistance and reactance measurements allowed the smallest changes to be recorded at a resolution of 0.1 Ω. Fat-free mass (FFM) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) estimates for our sample were calculated using the equations developed by Kyle et al. (27,28)”
InfluentialLean body mass depletion is associated with an increased length of hospital stay
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“Fat-free mass correlates with skeletal muscle mass (6), and improvement of muscle mass by nutritional intervention together with physical training may improve the clinical course of disease (7).”
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“Body-imaging techniques [i.e., Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] are recognized as gold standard methods to estimate muscle mass (9, 10).”
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Association of Body Composition and Sarcopenia with NASH in Obese Patients
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“BIA-derived values have been cross-validated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging [28,31].”
MethodSabir, Z., Dierkes, J., Hjartåker, A., & Rosendahl-Riise, H. (2023) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-023-03206-9 · Cited by 15
“[32] was used for estimation of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) (kg), and subsequent calculation of the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMMI) (kg/height2).”
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Two-megahertz impedance index prediction equation for appendicular lean mass in Korean older people
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“BIA is usually based on DXA and other methods as a reference standard for modeling electrical impedance data and estimating muscle mass (6,7).”
MethodChen, Y.-H., Lee, C.-H., Chen, J., Ding, M.-Y., Liang, F.-Q., & Yang, S. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15194291 · Cited by 12
“An ASMI evaluation can contribute important information to an assessment of the nutritional status because it reflects the body’s protein mass [42].”
BackgroundJoaquín, C., Lesmes, I. B., Bretón, M. J. O., Burgos, R., Bellido, D., Matía‐Martín, P., Olmos, M. Á. M., Zugasti, A., Fernández, M. R., Romero, F. B., et al. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16060886 · Cited by 11
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Szeliga, A., Chedraui, P., & Męczekalski, B. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15020740 · Cited by 10
“BIA’s non-invasive, rapid, radiation-free, cost-effective, and portable nature supports routine use, especially for repeated measures, large-scale screening, and longitudinal monitoring [9,17–19].”
PHASE ANGLE AS A PREDICTOR OF MUSCLE MASS IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
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“Some have been validated through internal (8, 10, 11, 15, 17) or external validation procedures (18– 20) to estimate ASM in older adults.”
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“HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dL (%) 12 (23) 14 (27) 0.”
Niu, C., Zhang, P., Zhang, C., Dong, J., Liang, H., Xiao, D., Liu, B., Lan, W., Lai, H., Ye, J., et al. (2025) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2025.2523381 · Cited by 9
“However, starting from around 2000, his focus gradually shifted toward BIA as an alternative method for assessing body composition [46,47].”
Risk of Sarcopenic Obesity Across Menopausal Transition Stages in Middle-Aged Korean Women
Cho, Y., Jang, Y., Park, J. H., Chang, Y., & Ryu, S. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17203238 · Cited by 8
“It is a validated and widely used technique in population-based studies to estimate body composition [56–58].”
Somatotipo, Masa Grasa y Muscular del Escalador Deportivo Español de Elite
Alvero‐Cruz, J. R., Arnabat, L. G., Alacid, F., Rosety, M. Á., & Muñoz, F. J. O. (2011) · International Journal of Morphology · doi:10.4067/s0717-95022011000400026 · Cited by 8
“…se calculó a partir de la ecuación de Janssen et al. (2000) a partir de variables antropométricas y de bioimpedancia y la masa muscular apendicular por la ecuación de Kyle et al. (2003) que se refiere casi con exclusividad a la masa muscular existente en los miembros superiores e inferiores.”
Poncumhak, P., Wiyanad, A., Siriyakul, C., Kosura, N., Amatachaya, P., & Amatachaya, S. (2022) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2021.2023931 · Cited by 8
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“Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was estimated using the equation proposed by Kyle et al. (2003), which includes height, weight, gender, age, and resistance and reactance from BIA.”
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“Its accuracy has been validated with DXA and CT in different populations [11,12].”
MethodSarcopenic patients “get even”: The impact of COVID-19 vaccination on mortality
Ceolin, C., RUI, M. D., Simonato, C., Vergadoro, M., Cazzavillan, S., Acunto, V., Papa, M. V., Trapella, G. S., Zanforlini, B. M., Curreri, C., et al. (2024) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2024.112382 · Cited by 7
“Estimate of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) for our sample was calculated using the equation developed by Sergi et al. (Kyle et al., 2001; Kyle et al., 2003), i.e. ASMM = (cid:0) 3.964 + (0.227 * RI) + (0.095 * weight) + (1.384 * sex) + (0.064 * Xc), where men = 1 and women = 0.”
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Huang, A.-C., Lu, H.-K., Liang, C.-W., Hsieh, K.-C., Tsai, Y.-S., & Lai, C.-L. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1546499 · Cited by 7
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“This technique has been validated for body composition assessment and correlates well with results obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry or abdominal computed tomography [28,29].”
MethodSarcopenia: Marcadores Inflamatórios e Humorais em Pacientes Idosos com Insuficiência Cardíaca
Sangali, T. D., Souza, G. C., Ribeiro, É. C. T., et al. (2023) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.36660/abc.20220369 · Cited by 7
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Lonardo, M. S., Cacciapuoti, N., Chiurazzi, M., Lauro, M. D., Guida, B., Damiano, S., & Cataldi, M. (2023) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2023.06.015 · Cited by 6
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“Multiple studies have been carried out to determine equations that calculate appendiceal muscle mass (ASM) [14,16–18] and it is an important clinical parameter for the diagnosis of sarcopenia [19,20].”
BackgroundEvaluation of the best indicator of muscle mass in community-dwelling elderly persons
Tanimoto, Y., Watanabe, M., Higuchi, Y., Hirota, C., & Kono, K. (2008) · Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi Japanese Journal of Geriatrics · doi:10.3143/geriatrics.45.213 · Cited by 6
Fat mass index and airway hyperresponsiveness in Korean adults
Shim, J., Kim, S.-S., Lee, S.-H., Kim, M., Cho, Y.-J., & Park, H. (2023) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.1080/00325481.2023.2188000 · Cited by 5
“Segmental BIA was measured for appendicular skeletal muscle to estimate skeleton MM [21], and is a reliable method for all individuals including older adults [22], similar to reference methods such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.”
MethodPrevalence and associated factors related to sarcopenia in people living with HIV/AIDS
Arraes, L. C. M., Silva, M. P. O. E., dos Santos, A. C. O., da Silveira, V. M., & de Araújo, P. S. R. (2024) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-024-09845-5 · Cited by 5
“…used ( − 4.211 + (0.267 × height 2 /strength) + (0.095 × weight) + (1.909 × sex (man = 1, woman = 0)) + ( − 0.012 × age ) + (0.058 × reac-tance) [13] and, in those over 60 years of age, confirmed with the Sergi equation ( − 3.964 + (0.227 x height 2 /resistance) + (0.095 x weight) + (1.384 x…”
InfluentialVellatt, S., & Soldera, J. (2025) · Livers · doi:10.3390/livers5020025 · Cited by 5
Palmas-Candia, F. X., Ricart, M., Lluch, A., Mucarzel, F., Cartiel, R., Zabalegui, A., Barrera, E., Rosón, N., Rodríguez-Martínez, A., Espín, E., et al. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17142264 · Cited by 6
“Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass (ASMM) was estimated using the equations proposed by Sergi et al. [31] for patients over 60 years of age and by Kyle et al. [32] for those aged 60 or younger, and was used as an indicator of low muscle mass. Malnutrition was diagnosed according to the GLIM criteria.”
Deschamps, E. H., Herrmann, F. R., Ferreira, D. D. M., Silva, M., Graf, C. E., & Mendes, A. (2025) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s529761 · Cited by 5
“13 Although diagnostic confirmation is mandatory, positive screening should prompt early interventions targeting nutrition and physical activity, even before confirmation, particularly in high-risk populations.”
Cereda, E., Borioli, V., Caraccia, M., Uggè, A., Simeis, F. D., Bruno, R., Corsico, A. G., Sabatino, A. D., Pedrazzoli, P., & Caccialanza, R. (2025) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2025.11.017 · Cited by 5
Advances in sarcopenia and urologic disorders
Zhao, T., Mao, W., Hu, M., Yu, Q., Peng, X., Ji, J., Qiu, J., & Wu, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1475977 · Cited by 5
Rabelo, I. F., Farrell, S., Reid, K. F., dos Santos, V. R., Antunes, M., Batista, V. C., Bauermann-Vieira, A., & Gobbo, L. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2025.1535876 · Cited by 4
“However, BIVA presents to be more adequate in body composition analyses, when evaluating fat components, than anthropometric proposals, such as BMI and isolated circumferences (Marini et al., 2013).”
InfluentialAccuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis to measure skeletal muscle mass
Thibault, R., & Genton, L. (2014) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2014.08.004 · Cited by 4
Self-citationTroll, M., Brandmaier, S., Reitmeier, S., Adam, J., Sharma, S., Sommer, A., Bind, M., Neuhaus, K., Clavel, T., Adamski, J., et al. (2020) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms8040547 · Cited by 4
Rosendahl-Riise, H., Dierkes, J., Ådnanes, S., et al. (2020) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1007/s41999-020-00342-x · Cited by 4
“[18] was used to calculate the skeletal muscle index (SMI), based on the appendicular lean mass (ALM/ht2).”
MethodZheng, Z., Qing, H., Zhang, L., & Duan, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1712376 · Cited by 4
Protein intake in community-dwelling postmenopausal women and its relationship with sarcopenia
Soriano, J. M., Guillamón-Escudero, C., Diago-Galmés, A., Tenías, J. M., & Garrido, J. F. (2021) · Nutrición Hospitalaria · doi:10.20960/nh.03690 · Cited by 3
Annunziata, G., Frías-Toral, E., Campa, F., Bonifaz, M. A. T., Verde, L., Galasso, M., Savastano, S., Colao, A. A. L., Paoli, A., Simancas‐Racines, D., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1673677 · Cited by 3
“At the same time, we infer the usefulness of the BIA as a useful and validated tool (51–53) for studying SMM and ASMM and their changes over time, making it possible to obtain important translational information about the subject’s metabolic and inflammatory status.”
Dey, D. K., Bosaeus, I. G., Lissner, L., & Steen, B. C. (2009) · Cited by 3
Borazan, F. Y., Dazıroğlu, M. E. Ç., Gövez, N. E., Tek, N. A., Göker, B., & Varan, H. D. (2024) · Topics in Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1097/tin.0000000000000379 · Cited by 3
Saito, M., Seshimo, A., Miyake, K., et al. (2017) · International Surgery · doi:10.9738/intsurg-d-17-00035.1 · Cited by 3
Mahoney, K. B. (2016) · doi:10.23860/thesis-mahoney-kayla-2016 · Cited by 3
Chen, Y.-H., Che-Yu, L., Chen, J., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3274138/v1 · Cited by 3
Arraes, L. C. M., dos Santos, A. C. O., Silva, M. P. O. E., & de Araújo, P. S. R. (2025) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540121.2025.2488875 · Cited by 2
“…Kyle ’ s equation was used − 4.211 + (0.267 × height 2 /strength) + (0.095 × weight) + (1.909 × sex (man = 1, woman = 0)) + ( − 0.012 × age) + (0.058 × reactance) (Kyle et al., 2003) and, in those over 60 years of age, con fi rmed with the Sergi equation − 3.964 + (0.227 × height 2 /resistance) +…”
InfluentialSo Youn, L. E. E., Sun, H. Y., Bae, S. H., Ju Yeon, S. O. N., & Yoo, B. W. (2025) · Daehan imsang geon-gang jeungjin hakoeji/Daehan imsang geon'gang jeungjin haghoeji · doi:10.15384/kjhp.2025.00066 · Cited by 2
Farias, F., Severo, M., Ramos, E., Lopes, C. M. M., Nogueira, L., & Araújo, J. (2025) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2025.112926 · Cited by 2
Espasa-Labrador, J., Cebrián‐Ponce, Á., Galindo-López, R., et al. (2025) · Measurement · doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2025.119550 · Cited by 2
Zuccarelli, L., Baldassarre, G., Bondesan, A., Caroli, D., Micheli, R. D., Tringali, G., Favaretto, T., Suraj, J., Kurpińska, A., Majerczak, J., et al. (2025) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep093109 · Cited by 2
Reichelt, A. C., Daskalakis, E., Cohen, J., Solar, K. G., Saberi, M., Ventresca, M., Ali, M., Zamyadi, R., Bhat, V., Scratch, S. E., et al. (2025) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111476 · Cited by 2
Sokolova, A. V., Драгунов, Д. О., & Arutyunov, G. P. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27010550 · Cited by 2
“This predictive formula has demonstrated strong agreement with DXA-based measurements in previous validation studies, ensuring accurate and standardized assessment of muscle mass [24].”
Amicone, M., Lauro, M. D., Rizzo, M., Lorenzo, T. D., Gigliotti, G., Pisani, A., Capuano, I., Cacciapuoti, N., Guida, B., & Lonardo, M. S. (2026) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/s12882-025-04729-5 · Cited by 2
“ASM was normalized to height and expressed as appendicular muscle/height 2 (ASM/h 2 ) [23].”
Wearable Bioelectrical impedance monitor based on ADuCM350
Li, N., Lin, M., & Li, F. (2019) · International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, BioMedical Engineering and Informatics (CISP-BMEI) · doi:10.1109/cisp-bmei48845.2019.8965939 · Cited by 2
“Monitoring the change of bioelectrical impedance of muscle has great potential for analyzing the healthy status of muscle and the relationship between fatigue and muscle’s strength [5].”
BackgroundWalpot, J., Herck, P. V., Heyning, C. M. V. D., Bosmans, J. M., Massalha, S., Inácio, J. R., Heidbüchel, H., & Malbrain, M. L. N. G. (2023) · Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy · doi:10.5114/ait.2023.132460 · Cited by 4
“The skeletal mass is determined using a conversion equation, calibrated with a population-specific reference of DXA-measured lean mass [21, 22].”
MethodMesa, E. M., Llanos, J. P. S., Martín, P. M. A., Negrín, C. B., Ascanio, M. G., González, S. G., & de Segura, I. L. G. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16010014 · Cited by 3
“Raw measurements produced by the device were used along with the Sergi equation for ASM estimation in elderly patients (>65 years) [21] and the Kyle equation in patients between 18 and 65 years [22].”
MethodAngiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blocker Usage Prevents Oxidative Stress and Muscle Dysfunction in HIV
Deminice, R., Cella, P. S., Borsari, A. L., Padilha, C. S., & Oliveira, V. H. F. (2025) · Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/fcp.70016 · Cited by 2
Doorenbos, C. S. E., Post, A., Stegmann, M., Franssen, C. F. M., Dullaart, R. P. F., Navis, G., Connelly, M. A., & Bakker, S. J. L. (2025) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.70110 · Cited by 2
“…with mortality of intramuscular creatine based on different equations for muscle mass (equations of Sergi et al. 2015 and Kyle et al. 2003 29,30 ), intramuscular creatine without high and low outliers, intramuscular creatine as measured in the first examination round of the study, and…”
Atualização sobre a definição, consequências e diagnóstico da sarcopenia: uma revisão literária
Oliveira, V. H. F., & Deminice, R. (2021) · Revista Portuguesa de Clínica Geral · doi:10.32385/rpmgf.v37i6.12921 · Cited by 2
“Itália Esclerose sistémica 62 indivíduos Média de 62 42% anos (32-78)”
BackgroundPlace de l'impédancemétrie dans le dépistage de la dénutrition à l'hôpital
Maisonneuve, N., Genton, L., Karsegard, V. L., Kyle, U. G., Dupertuis, Y. M., & Pichard, C. (2003) · Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme · doi:10.1016/j.nupar.2003.09.012 · Cited by 2
Self-citationSabir, Z., Hjartåker, A., Dierkes, J., & Rosendahl-Riise, H. (2023) · Current Developments in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102052 · Cited by 1
“…muscle mass (ASMM) (kgs) was calculated by entering BIA-derived estimates of resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) into the equation by Kyle et al. [30]. y Statistically signi fi cant difference in dietary intake between men and women within the given study wave tested by independent samples…”
MethodDie Rolle des muskuloadipösen Status bei der Beurteilung des Risikoprofils vor Lebertransplantation
Deeb, A. A., Rauchfuß, F., & Settmacher, U. (2024) · Die Chirurgie · doi:10.1007/s00104-024-02111-z · Cited by 1
Diago-Galmés, A., Guillamón-Escudero, C., Tenías, J. M., Soriano, J. M., & Garrido, J. F. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16223904 · Cited by 1
Chandru, S., Bhupal, D. P., Krishnappa, L., & Veluswamy, S. K. (2025) · Journal of Society of Indian Physiotherapists · doi:10.4103/jsip.jsip_154_24 · Cited by 1
Xiao, T., Zou, S., Yuan, C., Gou, L., Dai, Y., Fang, C., Lai, J., & Yang, L. (2025) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.endien.2026.501717 · Cited by 1
Torres-Alonso, J., Polo-Ferrero, L., Hernández-Rubia, S., Sánchez-Sánchez, M. C., Puente-González, A. S., Sáez-Gutiérrez, S., Sánchez, R. M., & Iglesias, F. J. B. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15103696 · Cited by 1
Bioelectrical Impedance to Predict Muscle Mass in the Elderly
Ellegård, L., & Tengvall, M. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1788-1_20 · Cited by 1
Matsuno, S., 幸田, 利., & FUJITA, N. (2020) · Rigakuryoho Kagaku · doi:10.1589/rika.35.165 · Cited by 1
Assessment of low muscle mass and strength in a control population
Arnáiz, E. G., Ballesteros-Pomar, M. D., de la Maza, B. P., Roza, L. G., Bachiller, B. R., Cobo, D. A., Cuevas, M. J., Galindo, D. E. B., & Rodríguez, I. C. (2022) · Nutrición Hospitalaria · doi:10.20960/nh.04013 · Cited by 1
Doorenbos, C. S. E., Post, A., van der Veen, Y., Franssen, C. F. M., Eisenga, M. F., Dullaart, R. P. F., Navis, G., Wu, Q., Connelly, M. A., Bakker, S. J. L., et al. (2025) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.07.030 · Cited by 1
Skeletal Muscle Mass Indices in Healthy Adults
Alemán-Mateo, H., & Valenzuela, R. E. R. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-810422-4.00001-4 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Kyle, U. G., Genton, L., Hans, D., & Pichard, C.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Pichard, C
- Venue
- Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 537-543
- ISSN
- 0261-5614 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2072278615
- Cited by
- 248
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- appendicular skeletal muscle mass, bioelectrical impedance analysis, equation validation, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, nutritional assessment, transplant recipients, reactance, body composition
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anthropometry, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Predictive Value of Tests, Reference Values, Regression Analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Absorptiometry, Photon, Electric Impedance, Muscle, Skeletal
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