The DOI matches its Crossref record; 97 of the 105 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Factors influencing children to self-disclose sexual abuse
Abstract
Self-disclosure by victims of child sexual abuse (CSA) is critical to initiate legal and therapeutic intervention. Unfortunately, research indicates that lengthy delays in disclosure and even nondisclosure are common. A comprehensive review of the clinical and research literature on CSA and an overview of related bodies of literature was conducted. Areas addressed include the context of sexual abuse as it relates to disclosure, the context and elements of children's disclosures, motivational factors inhibiting disclosure, and models of the disclosure process. Ancillary and analogue research on secrecy and disclosure are also reviewed. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
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In the citing paper
“Children rarely realize, prior to disclosing, the extent of chaos it can create (Finkel, 2012); the entire process has the potential to provoke full-blown crises due to the high levels of distress it engendered for families (Tavker, & Hansen, 2011;Paine, & Hansen, 2002;Ullman, 2003).”
From The Disclosure Experiences of Male Child Sexual Abuse Survivors (2016) · cites this paper as Paine, & Hansen, 2002
In the citing paper
“Similarly, Paine, and Hansen (2002) explained that disclosure of CSA was important as it allowed for both treatment to be possible and an investigation to begin.”
From The Disclosure Experiences of Male Child Sexual Abuse Survivors (2016) · cites this paper as Paine, and Hansen (2002)
In the citing paper
“Paine and Hansen’s (2002) original review covering the literature largely from the premillennium era”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Paine and Hansen (2002)
In the citing paper
“Previous literature reviews examining factors influencing CSA disclosure have served the field well but are no longer current.”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Paine and Hansen (2002)
In the citing paper
“Failure to report was highest in day-care centers (88%) and schools (76%; Paine and Hansen, 2002).”
From Safe schools for teens: Preventing sexual abuse of urban poor teens, proof-of-concept study-improving teachers'and students'knowledge, skills and attitudes (2020) · cites this paper as Paine and Hansen, 2002
In the citing paper
“There is significant evidence that many professionals who are mandated to report abuse often fail to recognize maltreatment or report their suspicions (Paine and Hansen, 2002; Goebbels et al., 2008).”
From Safe schools for teens: Preventing sexual abuse of urban poor teens, proof-of-concept study-improving teachers'and students'knowledge, skills and attitudes (2020) · cites this paper as Paine and Hansen, 2002
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Items 101–200 of 500
Credibility assessment in child sexual abuse investigations: A descriptive analysis
Melkman, E., Hershkowitz, I., & Zur, R. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.027 · Cited by 43
“…pattern of results, indicated in several other studies (Elliott & Briere, 1994; Faller, 1989; Jones McGraw, 1987) reflects the child’s difficulty to disclose, recollect and describe in depth the more intrusive and traumatic orms of abuse (Arata, 1998; Paine & Hansen, 2002; Schaaf et al., 2002).”
Saadoon, M. A., Al-Adawi, M., & Al‐Adawi, S. (2020) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-020-09759-z · Cited by 43
Lavoie, J., Wyman, J. D., Crossman, A. M., & Talwar, V. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.104930 · Cited by 48
Lamb, M. E., Malloy, L. C., Hershkowitz, I., & Rooy, D. J. L. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy312 · Cited by 44
Behavioural Differences Between Online Sexual Groomers Approaching Boys and Girls
van Gijn-Grosvenor, E. L., & Lamb, M. E. (2016) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2016.1189473 · Cited by 42
“Our findings may reflect differences in awareness of the online sexual solicitation of boys and girls (e.g., Paine & Hansen, 2002).”
BackgroundCommunity-level moderators of a school-based childhood sexual assault prevention program
Morris, M. C., Kouros, C. D., Janecek, K., Freeman, R., Mielock, A. S., & Garber, J. (2016) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.10.005 · Cited by 42
“Improved understanding of disclosure methods is particularly important given that fear of negative consequences, self-blame, shame, and personal or society pressures for secrecy are known to interfere with this process (Goodman-Brown, Edelstein, Goodman, Jones, & Gordon, 2003; Paine & Hansen, 2002).”
BackgroundChildhood disclosure of sexual abuse: Necessary but not necessarily sufficient
Swingle, J. M., Tursich, M., Cleveland, J. M., Gold, S. N., Tolliver, S. F., Michaels, L., Kupperman-Caron, L. N., Garcia-Larrieu, M., & Sciarrino, N. A. (2016) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.10.009 · Cited by 43
Themes of Adult Sibling Sexual Abuse Survivors in Later Life: An Initial Exploration
Monahan, K. (2010) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-010-0286-1 · Cited by 41
“While childhood sexual abuse disclosure rates have increased (Kogan 2004; Paine and Hansen 2002; Priebe and Svedin 2008), this societal, institutional, and programmatic revolution came too late (London et al. 2005; Ruggiero et al. 2004) for women over the age of 40. Five of the eight women in this study did not disclo…”
BackgroundA Framework for School-Based Psychological Evaluations: Utilizing a ‘Trauma Lens’
Tishelman, A. C., Haney, P., O’Brien, J. G., & Blaustein, M. E. (2010) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1080/19361521.2010.523062 · Cited by 57
“…to psycho-social circumstances (e.g., financial dependence on perpetrator; fear of perpetrator, etc.) that create School-Based Evaluations 11 obstacles to disclosure (see Goodman-Brown, Edelstein, Goodman, Jones, & Gordon, 2003; Paine & Hansen, 2002 for reviews related to delay of disclosure).”
BackgroundOkur, P., van der Knaap, L. M., & Bogaerts, S. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260517720732 · Cited by 40
Introduction to this special issue: Underreporting of sexual abuse
Scurich, N. (2020) · Behavioral Sciences & the Law · doi:10.1002/bsl.2491 · Cited by 43
Stensland, S. Ø., Thoresen, S., Wentzel‐Larsen, T., Zwart, J., & Dyb, G. A. (2014) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/1129-2377-15-35 · Cited by 39
“of memory processes and contemplations of disclosure may vary in relation to exposure to interpersonal violence, or somatic health status, adolescents exposed to interpersonal violence seem to be as accurate in their responses and testimonies as their non-exposed peers [63,66-74].”
BackgroundPreschoolers’ disclosures of child sexual abuse: Examining corroborated cases from Swedish courts
Magnusson, M., Ernberg, E., & Landström, S. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.05.018 · Cited by 40
Cashmore, J., Taylor, A., & Parkinson, P. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.07.006 · Cited by 40
Blasbalg, U., Hershkowitz, I., Lamb, M. E., Karni‐Visel, Y., & Ahern, E. C. (2018) · Law and Human Behavior · doi:10.1037/lhb0000303 · Cited by 47
Coleman, O., Baldwin, J. R., Dalgleish, T., Rose‐Clarke, K., Widom, C. S., & Danese, A. (2024) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.14048 · Cited by 42
The impact of lying about a traumatic virtual reality experience on memory
Romeo, T., Otgaar, H., Smeets, T., Landström, S., & Boerboom, D. (2018) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-018-0885-6 · Cited by 39
“Feeling guilty, ashamed or responsible (Magnusson, Ernberg, & Landström, 2017; Paine & Hansen, 2002), CSA victims may falsely deny that the abuse occurred or fabricate an alternative explanation (e.g., BMy genitals hurt because I fell off my bike^) when they are questioned.”
Madrid, B. J., Lopez, G. D., Dans, L. F., Fry, D. A., Duka-Pante, F. G. H., & Muyot, A. T. (2020) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04080 · Cited by 37
“There is significant evidence that many professionals who are mandated to report abuse often fail to recognize maltreatment or report their suspicions (Paine and Hansen, 2002; Goebbels et al., 2008).”
BackgroundTashjian, S. M., Goldfarb, D., Goodman, G. S., Quas, J. A., & Edelstein, R. S. (2016) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.06.020 · Cited by 45
Using machine learning to classify suicide attempt history among youth in medical care settings
Burke, T. A., Jacobucci, R., Ammerman, B. A., Alloy, L. B., & Diamond, G. S. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.02.048 · Cited by 40
Lasher, M. P., & Stinson, J. D. (2016) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-016-0822-3 · Cited by 39
Trauma Disclosure to Health Care Professionals by Veterans: Clinical Implications
Jeffreys, M. D., Leibowitz, R. Q., Finley, E. P., & Arar, N. H. (2010) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-10-00054 · Cited by 36
Individual Differences in Trauma Disclosure
Bedard-Gilligan, M., Jaeger, J., Echiverri-Cohen, A., & Zoellner, L. (2011) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.10.005 · Cited by 42
“Introduction Disclosure of emotional events, or verbal revelation of experiences to friends, family, or providers, may reduce distress (e.g., Paine & Hansen, 2002; Pennebaker, Zech, & Rimé, 2001).”
BackgroundGender Differences in the Disclosure of Sexual Abuse in Chilean Adolescents
Guerra, C., Arredondo, V., Saavedra, C., Pinto-Cortez, C. G., Benguria, A., & Orrego, A. (2021) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.2672 · Cited by 36
Lived Experiences of Grooming Among Australian Male Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse
Plummer, M. (2017) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260517732539 · Cited by 37
“This is consistent with research involving samples of offenders (Campbell, 2009; Elliott et al., 1995; Gallagher, 2000; McAlinden, 2013; Olsen et al., 2007; Paine & Hansen, 2002; Smallbone & Wortley, 2001; Sullivan & Beech, 2004).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMental Health Service Needs in the Prison Boom: The Case of Children of Incarcerated Mothers
Turanovic, J. J., & Rodriguez, N. (2015) · Criminal Justice Policy Review · doi:10.1177/0887403415591269 · Cited by 35
“…are less likely to receive treatment because they fear having to divulge information about their traumatic experiences, or that family members are hesitant to facilitate children’s mental health treatment out of concerns that they will be implicated in children’s assessments (Paine & Hansen, 2002).”
BackgroundA Psychosocial Understanding of Child Sexual Abuse Disclosure Among Female Children in South Africa
Mathews, S., Hendricks, N., & Abrahams, N. (2016) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2016.1199078 · Cited by 37
“Most children find it difficult to talk about their sexual abuse experiences (De Voe & Faller, 2002; Paine & Hansen, 2002).”
BackgroundPsychopathology among adult survivors of child pornography
Gewirtz‐Meydan, A., Lahav, Y., Walsh, W. A., & David Finkelhor, B. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104189 · Cited by 34
Parent-Focused Sexual Abuse Prevention: Results From a Cluster Randomized Trial
Guastaferro, K., Felt, J. M., Font, S. A., Connell, C. M., Miyamoto, S., Zadzora, K. M., & Noll, J. G. (2020) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559520963870 · Cited by 34
“Instead, CSA detection commonly requires explicit disclosure by the victim (Paine & Hansen, 2002), which is not always immediate, sometimes surpassing 20 years (Jonzon & Lindblad, 2004).”
BackgroundFactors affecting disclosure among Israeli children in residential care due to domestic violence
Lev‐Wiesel, R., Gottfried, R., Eisikovits, Z. C., & First, M. (2014) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.02.002 · Cited by 34
Karni‐Visel, Y., Hershkowitz, I., Lamb, M. E., & Blasbalg, U. (2019) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559519831382 · Cited by 32
Forgetting having denied: The “amnesic” consequences of denial
Otgaar, H., Romeo, T., Ramakers, N., & Howe, M. L. (2017) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-017-0781-5 · Cited by 41
“Victims may also be externally pressured to deny (e.g., coercion from the perpetrator) (Paine & Hansen, 2002).”
BackgroundLanguage competence in forensic interviews for suspected child sexual abuse
Fontes, L. A., & Tishelman, A. C. (2016) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.06.014 · Cited by 32
From Post‐Mortem to Preventive Medicine: Next Steps for Research on Child Witnesses
Lyon, T. D., & Saywitz, K. J. (2006) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2006.00489.x · Cited by 32
Brattfjell, M. L., & Flåm, A. M. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.11.022 · Cited by 40
Factors Associated with Adolescents’ Disclosure of Sexual Abuse Experiences in Hong Kong
Lam, K. Y.-I. (2014) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2014.950398 · Cited by 31
“For example, Paine and Hansen (2002) found that children’s concerns for themselves, their loved ones, and the perpetrator as well as the characteristics of the abuse they experienced were related to disclosure. Other meta-analytic studies have identified similar factors that can predict CSA disclosure. Collings and co…”
BackgroundInfluentialReluctance Versus Urge to Disclose Child Maltreatment: The Impact of Multi-Type Maltreatment
Lev‐Wiesel, R., First, M., Gottfried, R., & Eisikovits, Z. C. (2016) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260516672938 · Cited by 32
“However, access to these, as well as to additional child protection and social justice resources, usually requires disclosure (Paine & Hansen, 2002).”
BackgroundThe “sexually abused child”: Potential mechanisms of adverse influences of such a label
Holguin, G., & Hansen, D. J. (2002) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/s1359-1789(02)00101-5 · Cited by 31
Self-citationInterventions that address institutional child maltreatment: An evidence and gap map
Finch, M., Featherston, R., Chakraborty, S., Bjørndal, L. D., Mildon, R. L., Albers, B., Fiennes, C., Taylor, D., Schachtman, R., Yang, T., et al. (2021) · Campbell Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/cl2.1139 · Cited by 32
Rumble, L., Ramly, A. A., Nuryana, M., & Dunne, M. P. (2017) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-017-9457-8 · Cited by 30
“In addition, particularly in the case of sexual violence, persistent cultural and systemic barriers make disclosure difficult (Paine and Hansen 2002; Watts and Zimmerman 2002); children may be afraid to disclose, not know where to seek help, or blame themselves for the abuse (McElvaney et al.”
BackgroundShead, K. (2014) · Current Issues in Criminal Justice · doi:10.1080/10345329.2014.12036007 · Cited by 29
Correlates of disclosure of sexual violence among Kenyan youth
Boudreau, C. L., Kress, H. C., Rochat, R. W., & Yount, K. M. (2018) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.01.025 · Cited by 29
“Finally, convicting the perpetrator may prevent him or her from abusing other children (Paine & Hansen, 2002).”
InfluentialRichter, L., Mathews, S., Nonterah, E. A., & Masilela, L. (2018) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.07.016 · Cited by 29
Trajectories of Abuse and Disclosure
Smith, M. L., Rengifo, A. F., & Vollman, B. K. (2008) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854808314340 · Cited by 29
“…found that a number of factors can affect reporting, including age and gender (Paine & Hansen, 2002), relationship between the victim and abuser (Paine & Hansen, 2002; Smith et al., 2000), and the intrusiveness of the sexually abusive act (Arata, 1998; Bradley & Wood, 1996; DiPietro, Runyan, &…”
BackgroundElzy, M. B. (2011) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2011.573526 · Cited by 33
“These feelings become even more confusing when a child is threatened or asked to keep silent by the abuser ( Paine & Hanson, 2002 ) or if their disclosure of the abuse is met with disbelief, hostility, or is unsupported ( Feiring, Taska, & Lewis, 2002 ).”
BackgroundAugusti, E., & Myhre, M. C. (2021) · Child Care in Practice · doi:10.1080/13575279.2021.1902279 · Cited by 30
“…not being taken seriously, or burdening parents (Goodman-Brown et al., 2003; Hershkowitz et al., 2007; Jensen et al., 2005; Lemaigre et al., 2017; McElvaney et al., 2014; Paine & Hansen, 2002; Schönbucher et al., 2012; Ullman, 2002) are reasons for non-disclosures or delayed disclosures.”
BackgroundAdult and Adolescent Disclosures of Child Sexual Abuse: A Comparative Analysis
McGill, L., & McElvaney, R. (2022) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605221088278 · Cited by 29
“Although previous authors have highlighted developmental factors in disclosure processes (Lemaigre et al., 2017; London et al., 2008; Paine & Hansen, 2002), this is the only study of which the authors are aware that drew on both an adolescent and adult sample in exploring disclosure processes and…”
BackgroundSexual Violence Against Children
Walker-Descartes, I., Hopgood, G., Condado, L. V., & Legano, L. A. (2021) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2020.12.006 · Cited by 35
The Relationship Between Child Sexual Abuse and Sexual Dysfunction in Adults: A Meta-Analysis
Wang, S.-J., Chang, J.-J., Cao, L., Li, Y., Yuan, M., Wang, G., & Su, P. (2022) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380221113780 · Cited by 37
“The result of a review also indicated that the social environment led men to hide their doubts, weaknesses, and fears as much as possible (Paine & Hansen, 2002).”
Brazelton, J. F. (2015) · Traumatology · doi:10.1037/trm0000047 · Cited by 26
“She Had Agony Written All over Her Face”: Representations of Rape in the Work of Rozena Maart
Murray, J. (2011) · Journal of Literary Studies · doi:10.1080/02564718.2011.629446 · Cited by 25
Preventing and Responding to Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation: Evidence Review
Radford, L., Allnock, D., & Hynes, P. (2015) · CLOK (University of Central Lancashire) · Cited by 25
Hlavka, H. R., Olinger, S., & Lashley, J. L. (2010) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2010.511988 · Cited by 25
“Children between 5 and 12 years of age may have additional interview blocks such as increased feelings of shame and societal stigmatization ([28]; [56]; [57]).”
Baiden, P., Fallon, B., den Dunnen, W., & Black, T. L. (2016) · Journal of Public Child Welfare · doi:10.1080/15548732.2016.1263267 · Cited by 24
“Also, children and adolescents may be less likely to provide information in cases where the perpetrator is familial because they have been pressured to remain silent (Paine & Hansen, 2002).”
BackgroundWoessner, M. N., Pankowiak, A., Kavanagh, E. J., Parent, S., Vertommen, T., Eime, R., Spaaij, R., Harvey, J. T., & Parker, A. G. (2023) · Sport in Society · doi:10.1080/17430437.2023.2268555 · Cited by 27
“Other research has identified parents as key adult for disclosures of child sexual violence, particularly for younger children, with studies citing that parents receive somewhere around 40% of disclosures of child sexual violence (Paine and Hansen 2002).”
BackgroundPrevention of Child Sexual Exploitation: Insights From Adult Survivors
Hurst, T. E. (2019) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260519825881 · Cited by 24
Santo, T., Campbell, G., Gisev, N., & Degenhardt, L. (2021) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109199 · Cited by 20
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Shackel, R. (2009) · Psychiatry Psychology and Law · doi:10.1080/13218710903040280 · Cited by 25
“Sauzier (1989), drawing on data gathered at the Family Crisis Program, Tufts-New England Medical Center, also reported that most often children first told about their sexual abuse to a parent or parent surrogate (55%) or other adult relative or friend (10%).”
BackgroundRush, E. B., Stolzenberg, S. N., Quas, J. A., & Lyon, T. D. (2015) · Legal and Criminological Psychology · doi:10.1111/lcrp.12086 · Cited by 26
“Children often deny, delay reporting, and recant abuse (London, Bruck, Wright, & Ceci, 2008; Lyon & Ahern, 2010; Malloy, Lyon, & Quas, 2007; Paine & Hansen, 2002).”
Expressions of shame in investigative interviews with Australian Aboriginal children
Hamilton, G., Brubacher, S. P., & Powell, M. B. (2015) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.11.004 · Cited by 25
Blakey, J. M., Glaude, M. W., & Jennings, S. W. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104092 · Cited by 27
Everson, M. D., & Faller, K. C. (2012) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2012.642470 · Cited by 31
“First, screening is crucial because, though the majority of sexually victimized children do not initiate abuse disclosures during childhood, a subset of these children will disclose if their sexualized behavior results in their being directly questioned (see reviews by London, Bruck, Ceci, Shuman, 2005 ; Lyon & Ahern,…”
BackgroundSimmel, C., Postmus, J. L., & Lee, I. (2012) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2012.690836 · Cited by 26
“Several of the studies identified previously contained some methodological limitations in that they primarily used samples of women who were predominately composed of undergraduate women (Messman & Long, 1996; Paine & Hansen, 2002; Poister Tusher & Cook, 2010).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSodipo, O. O., Adedokun, A., Adejumo, O. A., & Olibamoyo, O. (2018) · African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine · doi:10.4102/phcfm.v10i1.1727 · Cited by 23
Adolescent sexual abuse victims' levels of perceived social support and delayed disclosure
Koçtürk, N., & Bilginer, Ç. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105363 · Cited by 24
The Effects of Interviewer Race and Child Race on Sexual Abuse Disclosures in Forensic Interviews
Springman, R. E., Wherry, J. N., & Notaro, P. C. (2006) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1300/j070v15n03_06 · Cited by 23
“Current studies reflect a paucity of research investigating “disclosure of sexual abuse by child victims belonging to ethnic and cultural minorities” (Paine & Hansen, 2002, p. 275).”
BackgroundInfluentialDupont, M., Messerschmitt, P., Vila, G., Bohu, D., & Rey‐Salmon, C. (2012) · Annales Médico-psychologiques revue psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.amp.2012.06.024 · Cited by 22
Martijn, F. M., Leroux, E. J., Babchishin, K. M., & Seto, M. C. (2020) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-020-00320-6 · Cited by 24
Collings, S. J., Bugwandeen, S. R., & Wiles, W. A. (2008) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.05.007 · Cited by 22
Cho, B., & Jackson, Y. (2016) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.08.013 · Cited by 21
Ernberg, E., Magnusson, M., & Landström, S. (2018) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2018.1501786 · Cited by 21
“Identification of victims and prosecution of perpetrators is one important measure in treating the effects of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) and can also hinder guilty perpetrators from reoffending (Kendall-Tackett, Williams, & Finkelhor, 1993; Paine & Hansen, 2002).”
BackgroundBaía, P. A. D., Veloso, M. M. X., Magalhães, C. M. C., & Dell’Aglio, D. D. (2013) · Temas em Psicologia · doi:10.9788/tp2013.1-14 · Cited by 25
“A revelação estimulada corresponde às situações nas quais uma suspei- ta de abuso sexual leva a questionamentos, ou a implementação de entrevistas a fi m de favorecer o relato das vítimas (Alaggia, 2004; Paine & Hansen, 2002).”
Milne, L., & Collin‐Vézina, D. (2014) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2014.896841 · Cited by 21
“…that victims of CSA usually delay reporting or never disclose their abuse (London, Bruck, Ceci, & Shuman, 2005; London, Bruck, Wright, & Ceci, 2007; Paine & Hansen, 2002), studies illustrate that when suspected victims are asked, they are more likely to disclose than to deny (Bruck & Ceci, 2004;…”
BackgroundSelf Psychology and Male Child Sexual Abuse: Healing Relational Betrayal
Alaggia, R., & Mishna, F. (2014) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-013-0453-2 · Cited by 32
“Preserving their family when the offender is a relative is another motive for withholding disclosure (Paine and Hansen 2002).”
BackgroundColeman, O., Baldwin, J. R., Moffitt, T. E., Arseneault, L., Fisher, H. L., Rose‐Clarke, K., & Danese, A. (2024) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107070 · Cited by 24
“Such motivations for concealing abuse are well documented in the clinical literature (Berliner and Conte, 1990; Paine and Hansen, 2002; Schaeffer, 1999) and research shows that victims of maltreatment commonly delay admitting maltreatment until adulthood (Bottoms et al., 2016; Goodman-Brown et al.,…”
Non‐abusing mothers' support needs after child sexual abuse disclosure: A narrative review
Serin, H. (2018) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.12455 · Cited by 22
“Parents, usually mothers, are the adults that children usually trust and quite frequently disclose to (Paine and Hansen 2002; Jensen et al. 2005).”
BackgroundBarriers to mental health care for disadvantaged adolescents: perspectives of service providers
Platell, M., Cook, A. G., & Martin, K. (2017) · Advances in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/18387357.2017.1317216 · Cited by 20
“Many young people also view the system of social services as unpredictable, and involving interaction with a variety of people over a protracted period (Paine & Hansen, 2002).”
BackgroundLiou, W.-Y., & Chen, L.-Y. (2016) · Sexuality and Disability · doi:10.1007/s11195-016-9436-x · Cited by 19
“Secondly, because the perpetrators often emotionally manipulate the victims or threaten to harm the victims and/or their families [14], most victims deny or fail to disclose the incident, or even recant [15, 16].”
BackgroundUnderstanding child sex offending trajectories in South Africa: from victimisation to perpetration
Naidoo, L., & Hout, M. C. V. (2021) · Journal of Sexual Aggression · doi:10.1080/13552600.2021.1936230 · Cited by 21
“Children’s rights and views in many communities are ignored, and many South African children report feeling powerless and unprotected by their parents (Alaggia, 2004; Paine & Hansen, 2002).”
BackgroundDisclosure of Child Sexual Abuse: The Case of Pacific Islanders
Xiao, H., & Smith-Prince, J. (2015) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2015.1022294 · Cited by 17
Forensic, Cultural, and Systems Issues in Child Sexual Abuse Cases—Part 1: An Introduction
Tishelman, A. C., & Geffner, R. A. (2010) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2010.512262 · Cited by 19
“We know, however, that many children delay disclosing for significant time periods or speak about their experiences in ways that are inadequately articulated for a forensic context (for reviews related to delayed disclosure, see Goodman-Brown, Edelstein, Goodman, Jones, & Gordon, 2003 ; Paine & Hansen, 2002 ).”
BackgroundGrandgenett, H. M., Pittenger, S. L., Dworkin, E. R., & Hansen, D. J. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104193 · Cited by 17
Self-citationDiscrepancies in Reporting of Physical and Sexual Abuse Among Homeless Young Adults
Tyler, K. A., & Melander, L. A. (2009) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538710903183360 · Cited by 18
“Some studies on child abuse reporting accuracy focus on the victims' disclosures of abuse rather than discrepant reporting ( Paine & Hansen, 2002 ).”
BackgroundMaternal Perceptions Of And Responses To Child Sexual Abuse
Rakovec-Felser, Z., & Vidovič, L. (2016) · Slovenian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1515/sjph-2016-0017 · Cited by 19
“From a cognitive perspective, older children are, due to increased cognitive abilities and social experience, better able to report abuse; at the same time, they are also more aware of costs and benefits of the disclosure (1).”
BackgroundInfluentialIntelligence Is Associated With Voluntary Disclosure in Child Sexual Abuse Victims
Bae, S. M., Kang, J. M., Hwang, I. C., Cho, H., & Cho, S. (2017) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.04.005 · Cited by 18
Disclosing adult wrongdoing: Maltreated and non-maltreated children’s expectations and preferences
Malloy, L. C., Quas, J. A., Lyon, T. D., & Ahern, E. C. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2014.01.018 · Cited by 18
Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Longitudinal Study of Disclosures and Denials
Hartman, D. T., Wang, Y., Wu, Y., Goldfarb, D., Vidales, D., Qin, J., Eisen, M. L., & Goodman, G. S. (2023) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/10775595231165335 · Cited by 21
“Concerns exist that denial in childhood can lead to greater trauma-related symptoms later in adulthood (Paine & Hansen, 2002).”
BackgroundLewis, P. J. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1753819 · Cited by 17
An Exploratory Study of Child Sexual Abuse in Tanzania
McCrann, D. (2017) · Arrow - TU Dublin (Technological University Dublin) · doi:10.21427/d78m99 · Cited by 17
Joleby, M., Landström, S., Lunde, C., & Jonsson, L. S. (2024) · Child Protection and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100062 · Cited by 19
Mandatory Reporting of Childhood Sexual Abuse in Israel: What Happens After the Report?
Oz, S., & Balshan, D. (2007) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1300/j070v16n04_01 · Cited by 16
Child Sexual Abuse in Pakistan Schools: A Non-Systematic Narrative Literature Review
Rahim, S., Bourgaize, C., Khan, M. I., Matthew, L., & Barron, I. G. (2021) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2021.1901168 · Cited by 18
Fear of the perpetrator: a major reason why sexual assault victims delayed presenting at hospital
Adefolalu, A. O. (2013) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/tmi.12249 · Cited by 16
“These children were primed by the perpetrators into secrecy (Paine & Hansen 2002); a phenomenon that is explained by the child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome theory, which postulates that sexually abused children develop coping mechanisms to deal with sexual assault (Summit 1983).”
BackgroundAl-Zboon, E. K., & Ahmad, J. F. (2015) · European Journal of Special Needs Education · doi:10.1080/08856257.2015.1087126 · Cited by 16
“Furthermore, it is difficult for a child to reveal secrets (Kelly and McKillop 1996), and this type of secret sets formidable barriers towards disclosure (Paine and Hansen 2002).”
BackgroundEiler, B. A., Al‐Kire, R. L., Doyle, P. C., & Wayment, H. A. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jcsp.2018-0056 · Cited by 16
Tarshish, N., & Tener, D. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104088 · Cited by 16
A review of child sexual abuse cases presenting to a paediatric emergency department
Lee, M. H., Ganapathy, S., Low, S. M., Chua, C., Chong, S., Ma, E., & Wong, P. C. (2021) · Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore · doi:10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2021127 · Cited by 15
Spencer-Hughes, V., Syred, J., Allison, A., Holdsworth, G., & Baraitser, P. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.5911 · Cited by 14
“Barriers to disclosure include dependency, strategies employed by perpetrators to maintain silence, feelings of guilt and responsibility, and fear of not being believed [11,12].”
Lemieux, S., Tourigny, M., Joly, J., Baril, K., & Séguin, M. (2019) · Revue d Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique · doi:10.1016/j.respe.2019.05.012 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Paine, M. L., & Hansen, D. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hansen, David J
- ORCID
- Hansen, David J
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-03
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 271-295
- ISSN
- 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2144033829
- Cited by
- 502
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 9.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Military, Security, and Education Studies
- Keywords
- child sexual abuse, disclosure, self-disclosure, non-disclosure, disclosure delay, secrecy, motivational factors, child victims
- MeSH terms
- Child, Child Abuse, Sexual, Family, Female, Humans, Male, Motivation, Self Disclosure, Social Environment
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