A Quantitative Study on Gender Differences in Disclosing Child Sexual Abuse and Reasons for Nondisclosure
Abstract
Despite the available literature on disclosure of child sexual abuse (CSA), little is known about how gender affects disclosure. This article aims to quantitatively examine whether gender differences exist in formal (to legal or child protection authorities) and informal (to a family member or friend) disclosure of CSA and, if so, to assess whether this relation is associated with abuse characteristics and attitudes toward gender roles. The study also aimed to examine whether gender differences exist in reasons not to disclose CSA. Data of a sample of 586 participants, who reported to have experienced CSA committed by a single person, have been used for the analyses. There were no gender differences for formal disclosure, but the informal disclosure rate of CSA was 2.4 times higher for women than men, and this effect remained significant after controlling for abuse characteristics and attitudes, even though the gender difference decreased slightly. Furthermore, women and men reported different reasons for not disclosing CSA in their personal network. Women were more worried than men that family and friends would discover the abuse and reported more insecurity of what to do in this situation. Professionals in the field of CSA should consider a gender perspective when developing guidelines. Men have rarely been the subject of studies of disclosure after CSA. Professionals should focus more on general mental health outcomes of men that are not related with CSA directly, but where the effects of CSA may exert more indirectly through associations with other problems in life.
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One study on disclosure following child sexual abuse found no gender differences in young adults in reasons against disclosing to formal recipients and only very few gender differences in reasons against disclosing to informal confidants.
“While quantitative studies on gender differences are still rare, one study on disclosure following CSA found no gender differences in young adults in reasons against disclosing to formal recipients (e.g., police, health care providers) and only very few gender differences in reasons against disclosing to informal confidants (e.g., peers, family members; Okur et al., 2020).”
From Why They Speak Up (or Don’t): Reasons For and Against Cybergrooming Disclosure Among Adolescent Victims (2025) · cites this paper as Okur et al., 2020
The pattern of gender differences is similar to previous quantitative research on gender differences in reasons for non-disclosure of CSA.
“With very few exceptions, the present results provided no evidence of gender differences in examined reasons and thus a similar pattern to previous quantitative research on gender differences in reasons for non-disclosure of CSA (Okur et al., 2020).”
From Why They Speak Up (or Don’t): Reasons For and Against Cybergrooming Disclosure Among Adolescent Victims (2025) · cites this paper as Okur et al., 2020
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REAÇÕES DE MÃES DE MENINOS VÍTIMAS DE VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL DIANTE DA REVELAÇÃO
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- Authors
- Okur, P., van der Knaap, L. M., & Bogaerts, S.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (NL)
- Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Tilburg University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Okur, Pinar
- Venue
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2017-07-20
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 23-24
- Pages
- 5255-5275
- ISSN
- 0886-2605 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6518
- OpenAlex
- W2738366004
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 2.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence (publishedVersion)
- Research portal (Tilburg University) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Military, Security, and Education Studies
- Keywords
- child sexual abuse, disclosure, gender differences, non-disclosure, child protection authorities, gender roles, abuse characteristics, barriers to disclosure
- MeSH terms
- Child, Child Abuse, Child Abuse, Sexual, Female, Humans, Male, Self Disclosure, Sex Characteristics, Sex Factors
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