Psychometric properties and diagnostic utility of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the state-trait anxiety inventory with older adult psychiatric outpatients
Abstract
In order to assess the psychometric properties and diagnostic utility of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) with older adults, these measures were administered to 217 older adult outpatients with mixed psychiatric disorders. Both the BAI and STAI scales demonstrated high internal reliabilities. The BAI demonstrated good factorial validity, with a somatic anxiety and a subjective anxiety factor emerging. In contrast, the STAI did not evidence factorial validity, with analyses failing to support presence of state and trait anxiety factors. Both the BAI and Trait Anxiety scale of the STAI demonstrated discriminant validity in separating patients with a current anxiety disorder from patients without such a disorder. However, the State Anxiety scale of the STAI did not discriminate between these groups. When used to predict presence of an anxiety disorder, no single cutting score for either the BAI or STAI proved optimal, due to tradeoffs between sensitivity and specificity. Results suggest that both the subjective subscale and total score on the BAI can be somewhat useful as a quick screening instrument in detecting presence of a current anxiety disorder for older adult psychiatric outpatients, although results were not as strong as previous findings regarding screening tests for depression in the elderly.
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- Authors
- Kabacoff, R. I., Segal, D. L., Hersen, M., & Van Hasselt, V. B.
- Affiliations
- Nova Southeastern University (US)
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kabacoff, Robert I.
- ORCID
- Segal, Daniel L.
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-01
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33-47
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1975387052
- Cited by
- 500
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 13.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- Beck Anxiety Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, anxiety disorders, older adults, psychiatric outpatients, screening tool, diagnostic value, psychometric properties, factorial validity, discriminant validity, somatic anxiety, subjective anxiety, sensitivity and specificity, cutting scores
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Ambulatory Care, Anxiety Disorders, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Reproducibility of Results, Discriminant Analysis
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