Frost formation on a vertical plate in simultaneously developing flow
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The result that humidity has an insignificant effect on frost density is consistent with Lee and Ro [30].
“This result is consistent with Lee and Ro [30].”
From Performance prediction of a fin-and-tube heat exchanger considering air-flow reduction due to the frost accumulation (2013) · cites this paper as [30]
Frost deposition is inevitable once moist air is exposed to a cold surface whose temperature is below the water triple point and the air dew point.
“Frost deposition is inevitable once moist air is exposed to a cold surface, the temperature of which is below the water triple point and the air dew point [5].”
From Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics (2018) · cites this paper as [5]
In 2002, an experimental investigation characterized the effect of environmental conditions on frost growth on a vertical plate in the hydrodynamically and thermally developing region.
“In 2002, an experimental investigation was conducted for the characterization of the effect of environmental conditions on the frost growth that occurs on a vertical plate in the hydrodynamically and thermally developing region [5].”
From Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics (2018) · cites this paper as [5]
Empirical correlations regarding thickness, mass, and density of the frost layer were acquired using a least-squares regression method.
“Empirical correlations regarding the thickness, the mass, and the density of the frost layer were acquired using a least-squares regression method.”
From Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics (2018) · cites this paper as [5]
Lee and Ro [39] presented a correlation similar to Mao et al.'s [37]; the main difference was the expression of the dimensionless position and the replacement of heat transfer Fourier number with mass transfer Fourier number.
“Lee and Ro [39] presented a correlation similar to Mao et al. ' s [37]. The main difference between the two correlations was the expression of the dimensionless position and the replacement of heat transfer Fourier number with mass transfer Fourier number.”
From Frosting mechanism and behaviors on surfaces with simple geometries: A state-of-the-art literature review (2022) · cites this paper as Lee and Ro [39]
The conclusions of Lee and Ro on the effect of air moisture content on frost density are opposite to those of [50,54].
“which was totally opposite to the conclusions of Lee and Ro [39,80]”
From Frosting mechanism and behaviors on surfaces with simple geometries: A state-of-the-art literature review (2022) · cites this paper as [39]
Lee et al. and Lee and Ro indicated that average frost thickness on parallel plates decreases with increasing air temperature.
“Lee et al. [131] and Lee and Ro [39] indicated that the average frost thickness was decreased with an increase in air temperature.”
From Frosting mechanism and behaviors on surfaces with simple geometries: A state-of-the-art literature review (2022) · cites this paper as [39]
Some related studies demonstrate that average frost density on parallel plates decreases with increasing air moisture content, which is opposite to O'Neal's conclusions.
“Some of the related studies demonstrated that the average frost density was decreased with an increase in air moisture content [39,131], which was totally opposite to the conclusions by O ' Neal [66].”
From Frosting mechanism and behaviors on surfaces with simple geometries: A state-of-the-art literature review (2022) · cites this paper as [39]
On parallel plates, the effects of air moisture content and plate surface temperature on average frost thickness are unified: average frost thickness increases with increasing air moisture content but decreases with increasing plate surface temperature.
“As seen, the effects of air moisture content and plate surface temperature on the average frost thickness on parallel plates were unified, namely, the average frost thickness was increased with an increase in air moisture content but decreased with an increase in plate surface temperature.”
From Frosting mechanism and behaviors on surfaces with simple geometries: A state-of-the-art literature review (2022) · cites this paper as [39]
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“…conservation equations as presented in their study of Cheng et al. 10 and Yang et al. 11 or by developing correlations from the experimental data as presented in their study of Yang et al. 12 and Lee et al. 13 Leoni et al. 3 compared the thickness prediction ability both of models and correlations.”
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Frost formation and growth on cold surfaces: a review on experimental studies
Wang, Y., Yue, X., & Zhang, D. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15495-9.00006-x
Zhao, S., Zhang, L., Zhang, X., Xie, T., Li, Y., & Song, M.-J. (2025) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.127856
Yu, S., Song, M., Zhang, L., & Liu, Z. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5417161
Zhu, L. (2025) · Material Sciences · doi:10.12677/ms.2025.159182
CFD Simulation of Frost on Horizontal Cold Surfaces
Huang, K., Wei, J., Fang, X., Feng, G., Meng, X., & Qiu, G. (2025) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/68133
Numerical study of frost formation on an industrial food freezing system
Badri, D. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/18ef7f42z85f6z4cf0z901dzac4832053863
Shu, W., Yue, C., Ye, H., Zhu, S., Deng, J., Zhi, X., & Qiu, L. (2026) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.129540
- Authors
- Lee, Y. B., & Ro, S. T.
- Affiliations
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Ro, S.T
- ORCID
- Lee, Y.B
- Venue
- Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-10
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 939-945
- ISSN
- 0894-1777 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2011056155
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Seoul National University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Heat Transfer and Optimization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Icing and De-icing Technologies
- Keywords
- frost formation, vertical plate, thermally developing flow, heat exchanger fouling, air conditioners, inlet air temperature, inlet air humidity, air velocity, frost thickness, empirical correlations, thawing
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