Cited by 456Body Composition Measurement TechniquesObesity, Physical Activity, DietDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

Body composition interpretation

Kyle, Ursula G, Schutz, Yves, Dupertuis, Yves M, Pichard, Claude·2003·Nutrition

Abstract

Objective Low and high body mass index (BMI) values have been shown to increase health risks and mortality and result in variations in fat-free mass (FFM) and body fat mass (BF). Currently, there are no published ranges for a fat-free mass index (FFMI; kg/m(2)), a body fat mass index (BFMI; kg/m(2)), and percentage of body fat (%BF). The purpose of this population study was to determine predicted FFMI and BFMI values in subjects with low, normal, overweight, and obese BMI.Methods FFM and BF were determined in 2986 healthy white men and 2649 white women, age 15 to 98 y, by a previously validated 50-kHz bioelectrical impedance analysis equation. FFMI, BFMI, and %BF were calculated.Results FFMI values were 16.7 to 19.8 kg/m(2) for men and 14.6 to 16.8 kg/m(2) for women within the normal BMI ranges. BFMI values were 1.8 to 5.2 kg/m(2) for men and 3.9 to 8.2 kg/m(2) for women within the normal BMI ranges. BFMI values were 8.3 and 11.8 kg/m(2) in men and women, respectively, for obese BMI (>30 kg/m(2)). Normal ranges for %BF were 13.4 to 21.7 and 24.6 to 33.2 for men and women, respectively.Conclusion BMI alone cannot provide information about the respective contribution of FFM or fat mass to body weight. This study presents FFMI and BFMI values that correspond to low, normal, overweight, and obese BMIs. FFMI and BFMI provide information about body compartments, regardless of height.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0899-9007(03)00061-3

Cites

39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Leisure-time activity may preserve functional status and lean body mass and contribute to reduced fat accumulation through increased energy expenditure.

    “Leisuretime activity may, through the effects of increased energy expenditure, preserve both functional status and lean body mass, and contribute to reduce fat accumulation 33 .”

    From Overweight and obesity in a Swiss city: 10-year trends (2007) · cites this paper as [33]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Kyle, U. G., Schutz, Y., Dupertuis, Y. M., & Pichard, C.
Affiliations
University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
Corresponding author
Pichard, Claude
Venue
Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2003-07
Volume
19
Issue
7-8
Pages
597-604
ISSN
0899-9007 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2094954377
Cited by
456
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 18
FWCI
4.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • IRIS (submittedVersion)
  • SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
body composition, fat-free mass index, body fat mass index, body fat percentage, body mass index, obesity, overweight, reference values, sex differences, healthy adults, bioelectrical impedance analysis
MeSH terms
Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Body Mass Index, Electric Impedance, Muscle, Skeletal

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review