Cited by 914Sleep and related disordersMusculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationObstructive Sleep Apnea Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 96 of the 96 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

How do sleep disturbance and chronic pain inter-relate? Insights from the longitudinal and cognitive-behavioral clinical trials literature

Smith, Michael T, Haythornthwaite, Jennifer A·2004·Sleep Medicine Reviews

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Sleep disturbance is perhaps one of the most prevalent complaints of patients with chronically painful conditions. Experimental studies of healthy subjects and cross-sectional research in clinical populations suggest the possibility that the relationship between sleep disturbance and pain might be reciprocal, such that pain disturbs sleep continuity/quality and poor sleep further exacerbates pain. This suggests that aggressive management of sleep disturbance may be an important treatment objective with possible benefits beyond the improvement in sleep. Little is known, however, about how to effectively treat sleep disturbance associated with pain or whether such treatment might have beneficial effects on reducing pain. A small, but growing literature has applied cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) for either pain management or insomnia to patients with chronic pain. In this article, we review the longitudinal literature on sleep disturbance associated with chronic pain and clinical trial literatures of cognitive-behavior therapy for pain management and insomnia secondary to chronic pain with the aim of evaluating whether the relationship between clinical pain and insomnia is reciprocal. While methodological problems are common, the literature suggests that the relationship is reciprocal and CBT treatments for pain or insomnia hold promise in reducing pain severity and improving sleep quality. Directions for future research include the use of validated measures of sleep, longitudinal studies, and larger randomized clinical trials incorporating appropriate attentional controls and longer periods of follow-up.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s1087-0792(03)00044-3

Cites

96 of 96 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4 · Cited by 35,234
Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention?
Ford, D. E. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.262.11.1479 · Cited by 2,440
Epidemiologic Study of Sleep Disturbances and Psychiatric Disorders: An Opportunity for Prevention?
Ford, D. E. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03430110069030 · Cited by 2,252
Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: A longitudinal epidemiological study of young Adults
Breslau, N., Roth, T., Rosenthal, L., & Andreski, P. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00188-3 · Cited by 1,831
The functional states of the thalamus and the associated neuronal interplay.
Steriade, M., & Llinas, R. R. (1988) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1988.68.3.649 · Cited by 1,746
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of cognitive behaviour therapy and behaviour therapy for chronic pain in adults, excluding headache
Morley, S., Eccleston, C., & Williams, A. (1999) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(98)00255-3 · Cited by 1,597
Gabapentin for the Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia A Randomized Controlled Trial
Rowbotham, M. C. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.280.21.1837 · Cited by 1,418
A behavioral perspective on insomnia treatment
Spielman, A. J., Caruso, L. S., & Glovinsky, P. B. (1987) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(18)30532-x · Cited by 1,261
Behavioral and Pharmacological Therapies for Late-Life Insomnia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Morin, C. M., Colecchi, C., Stone, J., Sood, R., & Brink, D. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.11.991 · Cited by 1,095
Treatment of Chronic Insomnia by Restriction of Time in Bed
(1987) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/10.1.45 · Cited by 948

Show all 95 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Moldofsky, 1983, sleep and morning symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis, J Rheumatol, 10, 373

Sorted by citations

The association of sleep and pain: an update and a path forward
Finan, P. H., Goodin, B. R., & Smith, M. T. (2013) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2013.08.007 · Cited by 1,620
Self-citation
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Trauer, J. M., Qian, M. Y., Doyle, J. S., Rajaratnam, S. M. W., & Cunnington, D. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m14-2841 · Cited by 1,053
“Insomnia is associated with both medical and psychiatric comorbidity, being linked to anxiety; depression (7); chronic health problems, such as hypertension (8, 9) and type 2 diabetes (10); health care use; non–motor vehicle accidents; pain (11); and use of medication and alcohol (12–15).”
Background
Chronic insomnia
Morin, C. M., & Benca, R. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60750-2 · Cited by 976
The Burden of Chronic Low Back Pain: Clinical Comorbidities, Treatment Patterns, and Health Care Costs in Usual Care Settings
Gore, M., Sadosky, A., Stacey, B., Tai, K.-S., & Leslie, D. (2012) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0b013e318241e5de · Cited by 650
Sleep deprivation and pain perception
LAUTENBACHER, S., KUNDERMANN, B., & KRIEG, J. (2006) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2005.08.001 · Cited by 613
Astrocytes in chronic pain and itch
Ji, R., Donnelly, C. R., & Nedergaard, M. (2019) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0218-1 · Cited by 570
The effects of sleep deprivation on pain inhibition and spontaneous pain in women
Smith, M. T., Edwards, R. R., McCann, U. D., & Haythornthwaite, J. A. (2007) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/30.4.494 · Cited by 539
Self-citation
Sleep loss and inflammation
Mullington, J. M., Simpson, N. S., Meier-Ewert, H. K., & Haack, M. (2010) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2010.08.014 · Cited by 519
Neuropathic pain: a practical guide for the clinician
Gilron, I. (2006) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.060146 · Cited by 451
“…variation • Neuropathic pain often gets worse towards the end of the day 28 • Neoplastic process should be suspected if pain has been progressively increasing over recent months Functional impact • Effect of pain on sleep, 29 efficacy and improvements in mood and sleep in several RCTs (NNT = 3.8).”
BackgroundInfluential
Prevalence and correlates of clinical insomnia co‐occurring with chronic back pain
TANG, N. K. Y., WRIGHT, K. J., & SALKOVSKIS, P. M. (2007) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2007.00571.x · Cited by 383
“Sleep disturbance experienced by patients suffering from chronic pain is receiving growing research attention as an important factor in quality of life (Drewes and Arendt-Nielsen, 2001; Menefee et al., 2000; Moldofsky, 2001; Smith and Haythornthwaite, 2004).”
Background
The comorbidity of insomnia, chronic pain, and depression: Dopamine as a putative mechanism
Finan, P. H., & Smith, M. T. (2012) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2012.03.003 · Cited by 380
Assessment of Psychosocial and Functional Impact of Chronic Pain
Turk, D. C., Fillingim, R. B., Ohrbach, R., & Patel, K. V. (2016) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2016.02.006 · Cited by 350
The Association Between Chronic Low Back Pain and Sleep
Kelly, G. A., Blake, C. M., Power, C. K., O'Keeffe, D., & Fullen, B. M. (2010) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e3181f3bdd5 · Cited by 335
“Both sleep disturbance and CLBP have been shown to be associated with depression; pain, sleep disorders, and depression are quite often interdependent.(63) This review identified 1 moderate-quality study which independently reported on the effect of depression on sleep in individuals with CLBP.”
Background
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Improves Sleep and Decreases Pain in Older Adults with Co-Morbid Insomnia and Osteoarthritis
Vitiello, M. V., Rybarczyk, B., Von Korff, M., & Stepanski, E. J. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.27547 · Cited by 321
Duration of sleep contributes to next-day pain report in the general population
Edwards, R. R., Almeida, D. M., Klick, B., Haythornthwaite, J. A., & Smith, M. T. (2008) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.01.025 · Cited by 321
“A substantial literature suggests that behavioral factors are frequently involved as perpetuators of sleep problems in patients with pain, and the current findings (as well as previous results from several trials) of non-pharmacologic interventions for insomnia; see [29] hint that interventions addressing these behavi…”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Sleep and rheumatologic disorders
Abad, V. C., Sarinas, P. S. A., & Guilleminault, C. (2008) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.09.001 · Cited by 309
Sleep disturbances and sleep disorders in adults living with chronic pain: a meta-analysis
Mathias, J. L., Cant, M. L., & Burke, A. L. J. (2018) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2018.05.023 · Cited by 310
Perspective on diffuse noxious inhibitory controls as a model of endogenous pain modulation in clinical pain syndromes
van Wijk, G., & Veldhuijzen, D. S. (2010) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2009.10.009 · Cited by 281
Prevalence of chronic pain seven years following limb threatening lower extremity trauma ☆
Castillo, R. C., MacKenzie, E. J., Wegener, S. T., & Bosse, M. J. (2006) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.04.020 · Cited by 265
“These results confirm previous literature suggesting a link between chronic pain, depression (Jelicic and Kempen, 1999; Turner et al., 2002), and sleep irregularities (Drewes, 1999; Smith and Haythornthwaite, 2004).”
Result
Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain
Sturgeon, J. (2014) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s44762 · Cited by 259
Effects of sleep changes on pain-related health outcomes in the general population: A systematic review of longitudinal studies with exploratory meta-analysis
Afolalu, E. F., Ramlee, F., & Tang, N. K. Y. (2017) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2017.08.001 · Cited by 262
Sedentary Behavior and Sleep Problems: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Yan, Y., Shin, J. C., Li, D., & An, R. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-016-9609-0 · Cited by 252
Napping: a public health issue. From epidemiological to laboratory studies
Faraut, B., Andrillon, T., Vecchierini, M.-F., & Leger, D. (2017) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.09.002 · Cited by 217
A systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive and behavioral interventions to improve sleep health in adults without sleep disorders
Murawski, B., Wade, L., Plotnikoff, R. C., Lubans, D. R., & Duncan, M. J. (2017) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2017.12.003 · Cited by 225
“Individuals who are in need to improve their sleep health may benefit from cognitive and behavioral interventions, as the underlying causes for poor sleep health often relate to factors at the cognitive or behavioral level [20].”
Background
Sleep Disturbance and Pain
Andersen, M. L., Araujo, P., Frange, C., & Tufik, S. (2018) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2018.07.019 · Cited by 218
Cancer pain, fatigue, distress, and insomnia in cancer patients
Theobald, D. (2004) · Clinical cornerstone · doi:10.1016/s1098-3597(05)80003-1 · Cited by 217
Sleep, Pain Catastrophizing, and Central Sensitization in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients With and Without Insomnia
Campbell, C. M., Buenaver, L. F., Finan, P. H., Bounds, S. C., Redding, M., McCauley, L., Robinson, M., Edwards, R. R., & Smith, M. T. (2015) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.22609 · Cited by 214
The Canadian STOP-PAIN project – Part 1: Who are the patients on the waitlists of multidisciplinary pain treatment facilities?
Choinière, M., Dion, D., Peng, P., Banner, R., Barton, P. M., Boulanger, A., Clark, A. J., GORDON, A. S., Guerriere, D. N., Guertin, M., et al. (2010) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/s12630-010-9305-5 · Cited by 211
Background Noise
Bakitas, M. A. (2007) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/01.nnr.0000289503.22414.79 · Cited by 213
Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in patients with chronic pain-A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Selvanathan, J., Pham, C., Nagappa, M., Peng, P. W. H., Englesakis, M., Espie, C. A., Morin, C. M., & Chung, F. (2021) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101460 · Cited by 206
Exploring the role of sleep and coping in quality of life in fibromyalgia
Theadom, A., Cropley, M., & Humphrey, K.-L. (2007) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.09.013 · Cited by 198
Hypnotic approaches for chronic pain management: Clinical implications of recent research findings.
Jensen, M. P., & Patterson, D. R. (2014) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0035644 · Cited by 195
“For example, between 50% and 88% of patients with chronic pain report problems with sleep (Smith & Haythornthwaite, 2004).”
Background
Correlation of Postoperative Pain to Quality of Recovery in the Immediate Postoperative Period
Wu, C. L., Rowlingson, A. J., Partin, A. W., Kalish, M. A., Courpas, G. E., Walsh, P. C., & FLEISHER, L. (2005) · Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rapm.2005.07.190 · Cited by 194
Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of insomnia: a systematic literature review-based analysis
Benjafield, A., Kuniyoshi, F. H. S., Malhotra, A., Martin, J. L., Morin, C. M., Maurer, L., Cistulli, P. A., Pépin, J., & Wickwire, E. M. (2025) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102121 · Cited by 217
Dissemination of CBTI to the Non-Sleep Specialist: Protocol Development and Training Issues
Manber, R., Carney, C., Edinger, J., Epstein, D., Friedman, L., Haynes, P. L., Karlin, B. E., Pigeon, W., Siebern, A. T., & Trockel, M. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.1786 · Cited by 178
“39 The consensus of the workgroup was that training in structured therapies for addressing nightmares, such as Imagery Rehearsal Therapy (IRT), was premature for national dissemination and implementation until further work clarifies its efficacy for addressing combat-related nightmares.”
Sleep and Pain
Whibley, D., AlKandari, N., Kristensen, K., Barnish, M. S., Rzewuska, M., Druce, K. L., & Tang, N. K. Y. (2019) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000697 · Cited by 191
“Eligible articles were: (1) observational studies (cross-sectional or longitudinal) or randomised controlled trials with (2) a measure of sleep and (3) a measure of pain intensity and (4) a measure of a putative mediating variable with (5) a formal test of mediation (eg, causal steps approach, product of coefficient a…”
Background
The Pain of Sleep Loss: A Brain Characterization in Humans
Krause, A. J., Prather, A. A., Wager, T. D., Lindquist, M. A., & Walker, M. P. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2408-18.2018 · Cited by 190
“Insufficient sleep, self-reported, has been shown to correlate, cross-sectionally, with self-reported pain in a sample of the general population (Smith and Haythornthwaite, 2004; Afolalu et al., 2018) and clinical cohorts (Tang et al., 2012).”
Background
Sleep Impairment in Patients With Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Zelman, D. C., Brandenburg, N. A., & Gore, M. R. (2006) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/01.ajp.0000210910.49923.09 · Cited by 175
Nonpharmacological Treatments of Insomnia for Long-Term Painful Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Randomized Controlled Trials
Tang, N. K. Y., Lereya, S. T., Boulton, H., Miller, M. A., Wolke, D., & Cappuccio, F. P. (2015) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.5158 · Cited by 176
Short-term improvement in insomnia symptoms predicts long-term improvements in sleep, pain, and fatigue in older adults with comorbid osteoarthritis and insomnia
Vitiello, M. V., McCurry, S. M., Shortreed, S. M., Baker, L. D., Rybarczyk, B. D., Keefe, F. J., & Von Korff, M. (2014) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2014.04.032 · Cited by 171
“If so, improving sleep in pain populations might improve chronic pain outcomes [31].”
Cognitive‐Behavioral Treatment for Comorbid Insomnia and Osteoarthritis Pain in Primary Care: The Lifestyles Randomized Controlled Trial
Vitiello, M. V., McCurry, S. M., Shortreed, S. M., Balderson, B. H., Baker, L. D., Keefe, F. J., Rybarczyk, B. D., & Von Korff, M. (2013) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12275 · Cited by 165
Quality of sleep in patients with chronic low back pain: a case-control study
Marty, M., Rozenberg, S., Duplan, B., Thomas, P. L., Duquesnoy, B., Allaert, F., & de Rhumatologie, T. S. R. D. L. S. F. (2008) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-008-0660-7 · Cited by 164
“and sleep disorders were very complex and little understood [24].”
BackgroundInfluential
The symptom cluster of sleep, fatigue and depressive symptoms in breast cancer patients: severity of the problem and treatment options
Fiorentino, L., Rissling, M. B., Liu, L., & Ancoli‐Israel, S. (2011) · Drug Discovery Today Disease Models · doi:10.1016/j.ddmod.2011.05.001 · Cited by 170
Sleep continuity and architecture: Associations with pain‐inhibitory processes in patients with temporomandibular joint disorder
Edwards, R. R., Grace, E., Peterson, S., Klick, B., Haythornthwaite, J. A., & Smith, M. T. (2009) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.12.007 · Cited by 158
“…(Kundermann et al., 2004; Haack and Mullington, 2005), that poor sleep is correlated with elevated pain severity in chronic pain patients (Smith and Haythornthwaite, 2004), and that in the general population, individual differences in sleep impact on subsequent pain (Gupta et al., 2006;…”
Background
Activation of the prostaglandin system in response to sleep loss in healthy humans: Potential mediator of increased spontaneous pain
Haack, M., Lee, E., Cohen, D. A., & Mullington, J. M. (2009) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2009.05.029 · Cited by 158
“Experimental evidence has accumulated over the past 30 years supporting a reciprocal relationship between sleep and pain: while the experience of pain can disrupt sleep [19], experimental sleep loss itself has been shown to cause changes in the nociceptive system neuroplasticity in animals and humans, such as hyperalg…”
Background
Sleep restriction attenuates amplitudes and attentional modulation of pain-related evoked potentials, but augments pain ratings in healthy volunteers
Tiede, W., Magerl, W., Baumgärtner, U., Durrer, B., Ehlert, U., & Treede, R.-D. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2009.08.029 · Cited by 153
“[33,63,70]).”
Mechanisms by which sleep disturbance contributes to osteoarthritis pain: A conceptual model
Smith, M. T., Quartana, P. J., Okonkwo, R., & Nasir, A. (2009) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-009-0073-2 · Cited by 152
“Sleep is a signifi cant problem for the majority of patients with chronic pain, with self-report estimates of sleep disturbance ranging from 50% to 88% among heterogenous pain conditions [ 9 ,10].”
Background
The Coexistence of Neuropathic Pain, Sleep, and Psychiatric Disorders
Argoff, C. E. (2006) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/01.ajp.0000210945.27052.b3 · Cited by 149
“Although clear cut benefits of cognitive-behavioral therapy in patients with neuropathic pain and insomnia have not been demonstrated in welldesigned, randomized, controlled trials, the literature suggests that some techniques designed to improve insomnia or pain may reduce pain severity or improve sleep quality in pa…”
Background
Total sleep deprivation increases pain sensitivity, impairs conditioned pain modulation and facilitates temporal summation of pain in healthy participants
Staffe, A. T., Bech, M. W., Clemmensen, S. L. K., Nielsen, H. T., Larsen, D. B., & Petersen, K. K. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0225849 · Cited by 150
“In addition, CPM has been shown to be impaired following sleep impairment [4,23].”
BackgroundInfluential
Negative Mood Mediates the Effect of Poor Sleep on Pain Among Chronic Pain Patients
O’Brien, E. M., Waxenberg, L. B., Atchison, J. W., Gremillion, H. A., Staud, R. M., McCrae, C. S., & Robinson, M. E. (2010) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e3181c328e9 · Cited by 149
Deployment-Related Insomnia in Military Personnel and Veterans
Bramoweth, A. D., & Germain, A. (2013) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-013-0401-4 · Cited by 149
“Contributing to the high prevalence of insomnia is comorbidity with medical and psychiatric disorders such as mTBI [4, 12••], chronic pain [13], anxiety and depression [14], and PTSD [15].”
Chronic Pain and Sleep Disturbances: A Pragmatic Review of Their Relationships, Comorbidities, and Treatments
HUSAK, A., & Bair, M. J. (2019) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnz343 · Cited by 144
Associations between sleep disturbance and primary headaches: the third Nord-Trøndelag Health Study
Ødegård, S. S., Engstrøm, M., Sand, T., Stovner, L. J., Zwart, J., & Hagen, K. (2010) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1007/s10194-010-0201-8 · Cited by 144
“One possible explanation might be that pain gives arousals which prevent initiation of sleep or alters the sleep architecture so that it is more fragmented, which lead to shorter sleep duration and daytime sleepiness [54].”
Background
Pain as a mediator of sleep problems in arthritis and other chronic conditions
Power, J. D., Perruccio, A. V., & Badley, E. M. (2005) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/art.21584 · Cited by 145
Increased sensitivity to physical activity among individuals with knee osteoarthritis: Relation to pain outcomes, psychological factors, and responses to quantitative sensory testing
Wideman, T. H., Finan, P. H., Edwards, R. R., Quartana, P. J., Buenaver, L. F., Haythornthwaite, J. A., & Smith, M. T. (2014) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2013.12.028 · Cited by 150
“The PSQI is a widely used and validated measure of sleep disturbances among individuals with chronic pain [13,73].”
Method
Characteristics of Chronic Pain Associated with Sleep Difficulty in Older Adults: The Maintenance of Balance, Independent Living, Intellect, and Zest in the Elderly (MOBILIZE) Boston Study
Chen, Q., Hayman, L. L., Shmerling, R. H., Bean, J. F., & Leveille, S. G. (2011) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03544.x · Cited by 140
“One study addressed the interrelationship between chronic pain and sleep disturbance and reported that certain parts of brain (specifically, the thalamus and mesencephalic periaqueductal gray matter) were associated with pain and sleep and arousal.(37) Dysfunction of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis has been fou…”
Background
Relationships Between Sleep Quality and Pain-Related Factors for People with Chronic Low Back Pain: Tests of Reciprocal and Time of Day Effects
Gerhart, J. I., Burns, J. W., Post, K. M., Smith, D. A., Porter, L. S., Burgess, H. J., Schuster, E., Buvanendran, A., Fras, A. M., & Keefe, F. J. (2016) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-016-9860-2 · Cited by 137
“Although it is clear that sleep quality and pain intensity are related, especially among people with chronic pain [1], less attention has been devoted to whether sleep quality is related to overall functioning and other important pain-related variables such as mood, catastrophizing, and pain interference.”
Background
Comparative effectiveness of CBT interventions for co-morbid chronic pain & insomnia: A pilot study
Pigeon, W. R., Moynihan, J., Matteson-Rusby, S., Jungquist, C. R., Xia, Y., Tu, X., & Perlis, M. L. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.07.005 · Cited by 134
“…that sleep and pain have a complex, bi-directional relationship wherein pain contributes to disrupted sleep, and sleep disturbance enhances pain perception (Chiu et al., 2005; Drewes, 1999; Lautenbacher, Kundermann, & Krieg, 2006; Moldofsky, 2001; Smith & Haythornthwaite, 2004; Turk & Cohen, 2009).”
Background
Use and Costs of Prescription Medications and Alternative Treatments in Patients with Osteoarthritis and Chronic Low Back Pain in Community‐Based Settings
Gore, M. R., Tai, K., Sadosky, A., LESLIE, D. L., & Stacey, B. R. (2012) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1533-2500.2012.00532.x · Cited by 138
The prevalence and risk factors of sleep disturbances in surgical patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Butris, N., Tang, E., Pivetta, B., He, D., Saripella, A., Yan, E., Englesakis, M. F., Boulos, M. I., Nagappa, M., & Chung, F. F. (2023) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101786 · Cited by 145
The Relation of Trouble Sleeping, Depressed Mood, Pain, and Fatigue in Patients with Cancer
Stepanski, E. J., Walker, M. S., Schwartzberg, L. S., Blakely, L. J., Ong, J. C., & Houts, A. C. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.27441 · Cited by 134
Cognitive behavioral treatments for insomnia and pain in adults with comorbid chronic insomnia and fibromyalgia: clinical outcomes from the SPIN randomized controlled trial
McCrae, C. S., Williams, J. M., Roditi, D., Anderson, R., Mundt, J. M., Miller, M. B., Curtis, A. F., Waxenberg, L. B., Staud, R. M., Berry, R. B., et al. (2018) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy234 · Cited by 138
Sleep Quality and Functional Disability in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Luyster, F. S., Chasens, E. R., Wasko, M. C., & Dunbar‐Jacob, J. M. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.28041 · Cited by 131
Sleep problems and pain
Bonvanie, I. J., Oldehinkel, A. J., Rosmalen, J. G. M., & Janssens, K. A. M. (2015) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000466 · Cited by 131
“Finally, it could be valuable to study more indirect pathways through which sleep can affect pain, such as worrying, functional neurological alterations, (neuro)endocrine changes, or inflammation.(13,44)”
BackgroundInfluential
Sleep disturbance, distress, and quality of life in ovarian cancer patients during the first year after diagnosis
Clevenger, L., Schrepf, A., DeGeest, K., Bender, D., Goodheart, M., Ahmed, A., Dahmoush, L., Penedo, F., Lucci, J., Thaker, P. H., et al. (2013) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.28188 · Cited by 127
“Bidirectional relationships may exist between chronic pain and sleep disturbance.(43) Specifically, chronic pain is thought to contribute to poorer sleep, which in turn may increase pain sensitivity.”
Background
Objective and subjective assessment of sleep in chronic low back pain patients compared with healthy age and gender matched controls: a pilot study
O’Donoghue, G., Fox, N. A., Heneghan, C., & Hurley, D. A. (2009) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-10-122 · Cited by 127
“Because the direction of causation between pain and sleep disturbance is still unclear and a recent perspectives indicate that poor sleep can interfere with pain processing [35], effective interventions to tackle sleep disturbance, such as cognitive behavioural therapy [ 36 ] should be included the overall management…”
Background
Sleep disturbances and sleep disorders as risk factors for chronic postsurgical pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Varallo, G., Giusti, E. M., Manna, C., Castelnuovo, G., Pizza, F., Franceschini, C., & Plazzi, G. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101630 · Cited by 135
Clinical comorbidities, treatment patterns, and direct medical costs of patients with osteoarthritis in usual care: a retrospective claims database analysis
Gore, M. R., Tai, K.-S., Sadosky, A., LESLIE, D. L., & Stacey, B. R. (2011) · Journal of Medical Economics · doi:10.3111/13696998.2011.594347 · Cited by 127
Prevalence of sleep deprivation in patients with chronic neck and back pain: a retrospective evaluation of 1016 patients
Artner, J., Çakır, B., Spiekermann, Kurz, Leucht, Reichel, & Lattig (2012) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s36386 · Cited by 125
“10,11 12–15 Therefore, sleep disturbance should be assessed as a clinically important symptom in CLBP and CNP and should be addressed in the pain management.”
Chronic pain patients' perspectives of medical cannabis
Piper, B. J., Beals, M. L., Abess, A. T., Nichols, S. D., Martin, M. W., Cobb, C. M., & DeKeuster, R. M. (2017) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000899 · Cited by 128
“Sleep impairments such as problems falling asleep and sleep maintenance are commonly experienced by patients with chronic pain.(28) However, sleep disruption (including nightmares) is also an important component of PTSD(2) symptomatology and one-quarter of this sample had been diagnosed with PTSD.”
Background
Polysomnographic characteristics in nonmalignant chronic pain populations: A review of controlled studies
Bjurstrom, M. F., & Irwin, M. R. (2016) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.03.004 · Cited by 123
Insomnia, Sleep Duration, Depressive Symptoms, and the Onset of Chronic Multisite Musculoskeletal Pain
Generaal, E., Vogelzangs, N., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & Dekker, J. (2016) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsw030 · Cited by 128
Concurrent Use of Alcohol and Sedatives Among Persons Prescribed Chronic Opioid Therapy: Prevalence and Risk Factors
Saunders, K. W., Korff, M. V., Campbell, C. I., Banta‐Green, C. J., Sullivan, M. D., Merrill, J. O., & Weisner, C. M. (2012) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2011.11.004 · Cited by 114
Intraindividual Variability in Daily Sleep and Pain Ratings Among Chronic Pain Patients
O’Brien, E. M., Waxenberg, L. B., Atchison, J. W., Gremillion, H. A., Staud, R. M., McCrae, C. S., & Robinson, M. E. (2011) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e318208c8e4 · Cited by 113
The Interface of Pain and Mood Disturbances in the Rheumatic Diseases
Goldenberg, D. L. (2009) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.11.005 · Cited by 115
Insomnia, sleep quality, pain, and somatic symptoms: Sex differences and shared genetic components
Zhang, J., Lam, S. P., Li, S. X., Tang, N. L. S., Yu, M., Li, A. M., & Wing, Y. K. (2012) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.12.003 · Cited by 111
“These conditions are independently associated with pervasive impairments in physical and mental health, and quality of life [36].”
BackgroundInfluential
Sleep, Sleep Disorders, and Circadian Health following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults: Review and Research Agenda
Wickwire, E. M., Schnyer, D. M., Germain, A., Smith, M. T., Williams, S. G., Lettieri, C. J., McKeon, A. B., Scharf, S. M., Stocker, R., Albrecht, J. S., et al. (2018) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2017.5243 · Cited by 112
“Although sleep disturbances can develop during the acute (0–7 days), subacute (7–90 days), and chronic phase (> 90 days) of mTBI, it is often difficult to determine the cause(s) of insomnia, in part because insomnia has well-documented bidirectional relationships with the most common sequelae of mTBI, including depres…”
Evidence for indirect effects of pain catastrophizing on clinical pain among myofascial temporomandibular disorder participants: The mediating role of sleep disturbance
Buenaver, L. F., Quartana, P. J., Grace, E. G., Sarlani, E., Simango, M., Edwards, R. R., Haythornthwaite, J. A., & Smith, M. T. (2012) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2012.01.023 · Cited by 110
“Sleep disturbance and pain are interrelated [44,45,52,64,79], and their relationship is believed to be reciprocal [64].”
Background
Chronic Low Back Pain, Sleep Disturbance, and Interleukin-6
Heffner, K. L., France, C. R., Trost, Z., Ng, H. M., & Pigeon, W. R. (2010) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e3181eef761 · Cited by 108
A systematic review of the effects of acupuncture in treating insomnia
Huang, W., Kutner, N. G., & Bliwise, D. L. (2008) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2008.04.002 · Cited by 105
Rethinking chronic pain in a primary care setting
Stanos, S. P., Brodsky, M., Argoff, C. E., Clauw, D. J., D’Arcy, Y. M., Donevan, S. D., Gebke, K. B., Jensen, M. P., Clark, E. L., McCarberg, B. H., et al. (2016) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.1080/00325481.2016.1188319 · Cited by 107
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Cognitive-behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of PTSD in the Context of Chronic Whiplash
Dunne, R. L., Kenardy, J., & Sterling, M. (2012) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e318243e16b · Cited by 103
“In addition, relaxation training is likely to be associated with improvements in concentration and sleep.(68) TF-CBT was also found to result in greater improvements in fear of movement/reinjury with further improvements at 6-month follow-up.”
Background
Cebranopadol, a novel first-in-class analgesic drug candidate: first experience in patients with chronic low back pain in a randomized clinical trial
Christoph, A., Eerdekens, M., Kok, M., Volkers, G., & Freynhagen, R. (2017) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000986 · Cited by 103
“enhance pain perception.(30) Persistent painmay lead to functional changes to the neural systems that regulate both sleep and pain, but the exact neurobiological mechanisms remain poorly understood.”
Background
The relationship between sleep quality and fibromyalgia symptoms
Andrade, A., Vilarino, G. T., Sieczkowska, S. M., Coimbra, D. R., Bevilacqua, G. G., & Steffens, R. D. A. K. (2018) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105317751615 · Cited by 108
Resilience moderates the association between chronic pain and depressive symptoms in the elderly
Bauer, H., Emeny, R. T., Baumert, J., & Ladwig, K. (2016) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.850 · Cited by 101
“…al., 2012), stress (Blackburn-Munro, 2004; H€auser et al., 2012), physical activity (Busch et al., 2007; Mammen and Faulkner, 2013), sleep quality (Smith and Haythornthwaite, 2004; Lee et al., 2013; Vitiello et al., 2014), cognitive status (Lee et al., 2010; Curran and Loi, 2013), alcohol use…”
Background
Sex differences in measures of central sensitization and pain sensitivity to experimental sleep disruption: implications for sex differences in chronic pain
Smith, M. T., Remeniuk, B., Finan, P. H., Speed, T. J., Tompkins, D. A., Robinson, M., Gonzalez, K., Bjurström, M. F., & Irwin, M. R. (2018) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy209 · Cited by 101
Medical and Psychological Risks and Consequences of Long-Term Opioid Therapy in Women
Darnall, B. D., Stacey, B. R., & Chou, R. (2012) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01467.x · Cited by 98
Sleep disturbances are associated with increased pain, disease activity, depression, and anxiety in ankylosing spondylitis: a case-control study
Li, Y., Zhang, S., Zhu, J., Du, X.-N., & Huang, F. (2012) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar4054 · Cited by 100
“Some studies [29-31] demonstrated an apparent bidirectionality in the relation between pain causing sleep dysfunction and sleep dysfunction aggravating pain.”
Background
Clinical Correlates of Functional Motor Disorders: An Italian Multicenter Study
Tinazzi, M., Morgante, F., Marcuzzo, E., Erro, R., Barone, P., Ceravolo, R., Mazzucchi, S., Pilotto, A., Padovani, A., Romito, L. M., et al. (2020) · Movement Disorders Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/mdc3.13077 · Cited by 99
“The high frequency of pain and insomnia in this group of patients might be related to each other as chronic pain and sleep disorders are often comorbid.(43)”
Background
Neuroinflammation, Pain and Depression: An Overview of the Main Findings
Campos, A. C. P., Antunes, G. F., Matsumoto, M., Pagano, R. L., & Martinez, R. C. R. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01825 · Cited by 107
“Additionally, there is a strong correlation between pain, depression, and poor quality of sleep (Wilson et al., 2002; Smith and Haythornthwaite, 2004; Ohayon, 2005; Staner, 2010; Koffel et al., 2016) that is directly correlated with the level of stress.”
Background
The effects of pregabalin on sleep disturbance symptoms among individuals with fibromyalgia syndrome
Russell, I. J., Crofford, L. J., León, T., Cappelleri, J. C., Bushmakin, A. G., Whalen, E., Barrett, J. A., & Sadosky, A. (2009) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2009.01.009 · Cited by 101
“Since there is a close, but not yet fully defined association between sleep and pain [7,11–13], the purpose of the analysis described in the current report was to characterize the role of pregabalin in the management of sleep disturbances associated with FM.”
Background
Psychological Flexibility May Reduce Insomnia in Persons with Chronic Pain: A Preliminary Retrospective Study
McCracken, L. M., Williams, J. L., & Tang, N. K. Y. (2011) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01115.x · Cited by 96
The Complex Interplay of Pain, Depression, and Anxiety Symptoms in Patients With Chronic Pain
Penedo, J. M. G., Rubel, J. A., Blättler, L. T., Schmidt, S. J., Stewart, J. A., Egloff, N., & Holtforth, M. G. (2019) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000797 · Cited by 103
The Longitudinal Course, Risk Factors, and Impact of Sleep Disturbances in Children with Traumatic Brain Injury
Tham, S. W., Palermo, T. M., Vavilala, M. S., Wang, J., Jaffe, K. M., Koepsell, T. D., Dorsch, A., Temkin, N., Durbin, D., & Rivara, F. P. (2012) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2011.2126 · Cited by 109
“It is increasingly recognized that sleep disturbances and pain have a bi-directional relationship (Ohayon, 2005; Smith and Haythornthwaite, 2004).”
Association of Sleep and Co-Occurring Psychological Conditions at 1 Year After Traumatic Brain Injury
Fogelberg, D. J., Hoffman, J. M., DIKMEN, S. S., Temkin, N. R., & Bell, K. R. (2012) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2012.04.031 · Cited by 93
Long-term outcomes and predictors of chronic insomnia: A prospective study in Hong Kong Chinese adults
Zhang, J., Lam, S. P., Li, S. X., Yu, M., Li, A. M., Ma, R. C. W., Kong, A. P. S., & Wing, Y. K. (2012) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2011.11.015 · Cited by 97
Subjective Sleep Quality Deteriorates Before Development of Painful Temporomandibular Disorder
Sanders, A. E., Akinkugbe, A. A., Bair, E., Fillingim, R. B., Greenspan, J. D., Ohrbach, R. K., Dubner, R. A., Maixner, W. D., & Slade, G. D. (2016) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2016.02.004 · Cited by 100
Naturalistic changes in insomnia symptoms and pain in temporomandibular joint disorder: A cross-lagged panel analysis
Quartana, P. J., Wickwire, E. M., Klick, B., Grace, E. G., & Smith, M. T. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.02.029 · Cited by 93
“Polysomnography (PSG) studies have documented sleep continuity disturbance and alterations in sleep architecture in chronic pain patients [1,5].”
Background
The impact of headache and chronic musculoskeletal complaints on the risk of insomnia: longitudinal data from the Nord-Trøndelag health study
Ødegård, S. S., Sand, T., Engstrøm, M., Zwart, J., & Hagen, K. (2013) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/1129-2377-14-24 · Cited by 91
Persistent orofacial muscle pain
Benoliel, R., Svensson, P. J., Gm, H., Sirois, D. A., Zakrzewska, J. M., Oke‐Nwosu, J., Torres, S., Greenberg, M., Klasser, G. D., Katz, J., et al. (2011) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01790.x · Cited by 90
“Pain severity seems to be a major parameter (Smith and Haythornthwaite, 2004).”
Background

Authors: Smith, M. T., & Haythornthwaite, J. A.
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author: Smith, Michael T
ORCID: Smith, Michael T
Haythornthwaite, Jennifer A
Venue: Sleep Medicine Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2004-04
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Pages: 119-132
ISSN: 1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s1087-0792(03)00044-3
OpenAlex: W2167864730
Cited by: 914
References: 95
Citations by year: 2026: 38 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 41
FWCI: 2.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Keywords: sleep disorders, chronic pain, insomnia, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, pain management, sleep quality, longitudinal study
MeSH terms: Chronic Disease, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Pain, Sleep Wake Disorders, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Pain Management

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How do sleep disturbance and chronic pain inter-relate? Insights from the longitudinal and cognitive-behavioral clinical trials literature

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks