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Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5 Binds to Axin and Regulates the Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway
Open accessAbstract
To understand how the Wnt coreceptor LRP-5 is involved in transducing the canonical Wnt signals, we identified Axin as a protein that interacts with the intracellular domain of LRP-5. LRP-5, when expressed in fibroblast cells, showed no effect on the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by itself, but acted synergistically with Wnt. In contrast, LRP-5 mutants lacking the extracellular domain functioned as constitutively active forms that bind Axin and that induce LEF-1 activation by destabilizing Axin and stabilizing beta-catenin. Addition of Wnt caused the translocation of Axin to the membrane and enhanced the interaction between Axin and LRP-5. In addition, the LRP-5 sequences involved in interactions with Axin are required for LEF-1 activation. Thus, we conclude that the binding of Axin to LRP-5 is an important part of the Wnt signal transduction pathway.
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“The canonical Wnt signalling pathway is mainly involved in cell proliferation and survival in vital biological processes, including organogenesis and embryogenesis.1,2”
From Canonical Wnt pathway and the LDL receptor superfamily in neuronal cholesterol homeostasis and function (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“The binding of Wnt to the Fz/LRP5/6 complex induces the membrane translocation of a key negative regulator of signaling Axin, which binds to a conserved sequence in the cytoplasmic tail of LRP5/6.27,28”
From Wnt signal transduction pathways (2008) · cites this paper as [27]
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“It has also been demonstrated that upon Wnt binding, the scaffold protein axin translocates to the membrane where it interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of LRP-5, leading to axin destabilization and b-catenin accumulation (Mao et al., 2001b).”
BackgroundA model for familial exudative vitreoretinopathy caused by LPR5 mutations
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“The intracellular domains of both LRP5 and LRP6 have been shown to increase free b-catenin levels constitutively and activate TCF/LEF-1 (28,29).”
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APC controls Wnt-induced β-catenin destruction complex recruitment in human colonocytes
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“Interestingly, Dickkopf-1, an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, has been shown to interact with LRP6 (Bafico et al., 2001; Mao et al., 2001a; Semenov et al., 2001) and, together with Kremen proteins, to promote endocytosis of LRP6 (Mao et al., 2002).”
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“Previous studies have suggested that Axin N-terminus (including the RGS domain and the linker region between the RGS domain and the GSK binding domain) plays an inhibitory role in Axin’s binding with its partners (Chen et al., 2009; Mao et al., 2001).”
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“The enhanced degradation of endogenous Axin promoted by Wnt signaling through LRP5/6 was reported in cultured mammalian cells and oocytes, embryos of Xenopus.17,36 Meanwhile, Axin is the limiting factor in b-catenin phospho-destruction complex formation, partly due to its 1,000 times lower concentration relative to ot…”
BackgroundGeneration and Characterization of dickkopf3 Mutant Mice
Barrantes, I. D. B., Montero‐Pedrazuela, A., Guadaño‐Ferraz, A., Obregón, M.-J., de Mena, R. M., Gailus‐Durner, V., Fuchs, H., Franz, T. J., Kalaydjiev, S., Klempt, M., et al. (2006) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.26.6.2317-2326.2006 · Cited by 98
“While all other tested Dkk proteins bind to and modulate the Wnt receptor LRP6, as well as the Dkk coreceptor Kremen, Dkk3 has no affinity to these transmembrane proteins (7, 30, 32, 33), and no other proteins are known to interact with it.”
BackgroundFrizzled-9 Is Activated by Wnt-2 and Functions in Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling
Karasawa, T., Yokokura, H., Kitajewski, J., & Lombroso, P. J. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m205658200 · Cited by 100
Microarray analysis reveals expression regulation of Wnt antagonists in differentiating osteoblasts
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Mechanisms of Wnt signaling and control
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“Aside from this central Fzd-Lrp5/6 complex, which stimulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, several other Wnt receptors have been identified (Figure 2), including Ror1 and 2 (Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptors) and Ryk (Receptor-like tyrosine kinase), which promote alternate signaling cascades.”
BackgroundInfluentialDecoding the Hedgehog signal in animal development
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Molecular regulation and pharmacological targeting of the β‐catenin destruction complex
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“Wnt-mediated receptor activation leads to the recruitment of axin (Mao et al., 2001; Cliffe et al., 2003; Tolwinski et al., 2003; Tamai et al., 2004; Zeng et al., 2005; Bilic et al., 2007; Schwarz-Romond et al., 2007b; MacDonald et al., 2008; Fiedler et al., 2011) and subsequent inhibition of GSK3…”
TGFβ and Wnt pathway cross-talk
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Mining Predicted Essential Genes of Brugia malayi for Nematode Drug Targets
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“elegans pry-1 [67] encoding a protein with limited homology to vertebrate Axins, which act as scaffold proteins in the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway [68].”
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“binding of secreted WNT glycoproteins to their receptors, which leads to inhibition of the Axin1–APC–CK1–GSK3b complex (Mao et al., 2001; Li et al., 2012a).”
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“LRP may bind to axin and sequester it from the -catenin-destruction complex (Nusse, 2005), or may promote its degradation, thus inactivating the -catenin-degradation complex (Mao et al., 2001; Tolwinski et al., 2003; Willert et al., 1999b).”
BackgroundRegulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway by Human Papillomavirus E6 and E7 Oncoproteins
Muñoz-Bello, J. O., Olmedo‐Nieva, L., Contreras‐Paredes, A., Gonzalez, A., Rocha‐Zavaleta, L., & Lizano, M. (2015) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v7082842 · Cited by 100
“When the Fz receptor dimerizes with the LRP5/6 co-receptor, the intracellular motifs of the Fz receptor recruits Disheveled (Dvl) protein [55], whereas CK1 phosphorylates LPR5/6 to allow Axin binding [56,57], which results in the disassembly of the β-catenin destruction complex.”
BackgroundLladó, V., Nakanishi, Y., Durán, Á., Reina‐Campos, M., Shelton, P. M., Linares, J. F., Yajima, T., Campos, A. R., Aza‐Blanc, P., Leitges, M., et al. (2015) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.007 · Cited by 102
“It is well established that cell activation by Wnt results in the degradation of Axin1, which correlates with b-catenin stabilization (Li et al., 2012; Mao et al., 2001; Tolwinski et al., 2003).”
BackgroundSmall-molecule modulation of Wnt signaling via modulating the Axin-LRP5/6 interaction
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Self-citationTSPAN12 Is a Norrin Co-receptor that Amplifies Frizzled4 Ligand Selectivity and Signaling
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“When we compared the TOPFlash reporter activity (Veeman et al., 2003) of 293T cells transfected with FZD4, LRP5, and wild-type TSPAN12 versus mutated TSPAN12, we found that the ability of TSPAN12 to enhance NDP/FZD4 signaling was impaired 2810 Cell Reports 19, 2809–2822, June 27, 2017 to various degrees by the FEVR-li…”
InfluentialPiperine suppresses the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and has anti-cancer effects on colorectal cancer cells
de Almeida, G. C., Oliveira, L. F. S., Predes, D., Fokoue, H. H., Kuster, R. M., de Oliveira, F. L., Mendes, F. A., & Abreu, J. G. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68574-2 · Cited by 93
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“This results in the inhibition of GSK-3β by Frat1 and destabilisation of the Axin/GSK-3β/β-catenin complex, thus preventing the degradation of β-catenin.”
BackgroundInfluentialVital Elements of the Wnt-Frizzled Signaling Pathway in the Nervous System
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A Nuclear Function for Armadillo/β-Catenin
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“Further work has pointed to the importance of controlling Axin stability in pathway activation (Salic et al. 2000; Mao et al. 2001; Lee et al. 2003; Tolwinski et al. 2003).”
Regulation of Bone Formation and Vision byLRP5
Patel, M. S., & Karsenty, G. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200205163462011 · Cited by 92
RAPGEF5 Regulates Nuclear Translocation of β-Catenin
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“…of Wnt target genes (Bhanot et al., 1996; Davidson et al., 2005; Fagotto et al., 1997; Funayama et al., 1995; He et al., 1997; Heasman et al., 1994; MacDonald et al., 2009; Mao et al., 2001a; Mao et al., 2001b; Niehrs, 2012; Pinson et al., 2000; Tamai et al., 2000; Yang-Snyder et al., 1996) (Fig.”
RanBP3 enhances nuclear export of active β-catenin independently of CRM1
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The ins and outs of Wingless signaling
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“…the hypothesis that Rathke’s cleft cysts fall on a histopathologic continuum that includes epithelial, epidermoid, and dermoid cysts, and both papillary and adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (Harrison et al., 1994; Berx et al., 1995; Crotty et al., 1995; Mao et al., 2001; Hofmann et al., 2006).”
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General Aspects of Colorectal Cancer
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“Fzd receptors can respond to Wnt proteins only in the presence of the low density lipoprotein receptor related proteins 5 or 6 (LRP5 or LRP6) to activate the canonical β-catenin pathway [103, 104].”
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“The intracellular tail of LRP5/6 binds Axin and causes dissociation of b-catenin from its protein complex and activates b-catenin signaling [Mao et al., 2001].”
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“Meanwhile, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5 and LRP6) were found to be also required for the Wnt signaling pathway as Wnt co-receptors [18,19].”
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“GSK-3 to the complex (14, 27); moreover, it creates bind-”
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“Interestingly, this complex is only found to inhibit canonical Wnt signaling, and this may be because LRP5/6 recruits axin to the plasma membrane and promotes its degradation thereby stabilizing β-catenin [ 31 ].”
BackgroundTherapeutic Potential of a Monoclonal Antibody Blocking the Wnt Pathway in Diabetic Retinopathy
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“Moreover, N-LRP5 and N-LRP6 mutants lacking the extracellular domain are constitutively active and interact with Axin independent of Wnt and frizzled (28, 32, 47).”
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“These results seem contradictory to our previous findings [35], showing that the CLC-rich NP had a higher Axin2 gene expression than the NC-rich NP.”
InfluentialMaking head or tail of Dickkopf
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“…palmitoylation), thereby generating a high affinity docking site for recruitment of Axin to the cell membrane and its subsequent destabilization (Mao et al. 2001; Davidson et al. 2005; Zeng et al. 2005), (2) Dsh/Dvl is recruited to the membrane where it is hyperphosphorylated by CK1-ɛ and…”
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“In addition, the effects of the ligand trap to decrease renal Wnt activity as shown in Figure 6 lead to a major decrease in circulating Dkk1 levels (Figure 6c).(54)”
Wnt Signaling as a Therapeutic Target for Cancer
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Adenomatous polyposis coli proteins and cell adhesion
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Fluoride promotes osteoblastic differentiation through canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
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Clathrin and AP2 are required for PtdIns(4,5)P2-mediated formation of LRP6 signalosomes
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“…the initial characterization of the interaction of low-density lipoprotein-related protein 5 and 6 (LRP5/6) with Axin and importance of LRP5/6 PPPS/TP (P is proline and S/T is serine or threonine residue) motif in the interaction (Mao et al., 2001; MacDonald et al., 2009; Clevers and Nusse, 2012).”
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TGIF Governs a Feed-Forward Network that Empowers Wnt Signaling to Drive Mammary Tumorigenesis
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“…studies were devoted to delineating the mechanisms governing the availability or abundance or both of Axin1 and Axin2 in the cytoplasm, including sequestration by LRP5/LRP6, ADP-ribosylation by tankyrase, or phosphorylation by GSK3 (Huang et al., 2009; Kim et al., 2013; Mao et al., 2001).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Mao, J., Wang, J., Liu, B., Pan, W., Farr, G. H., Flynn, C., Yuan, H., Takada, S., Kimelman, D., Li, L., & Wu, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- Setsunan University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Wu, Dianqing
- Venue
- Molecular Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-04
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 801-809
- ISSN
- 1097-2765 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2152769008
- Cited by
- 839
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 17.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecular Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r29gm053162-04)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA085420, CA85420)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM53162, GM54167)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD027262, HD27262)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Wnt/β-catenin signaling in development and cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Signaling Pathways in Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Studies
- Keywords
- low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5, Axin, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, β-catenin stabilization, protein-protein interaction
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Mammals, Molecular Sequence Data, Protein Binding, Proteins, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Receptors, LDL, Repressor Proteins, Signal Transduction, Gene Expression, Mutagenesis, 3T3 Cells, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases, COS Cells, LDL-Receptor Related Proteins, Zebrafish Proteins, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3, Wnt Proteins, Mice, Axin Protein, Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5
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