Cited by 4,891Face Recognition and PerceptionFace recognition and analysisEvolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 99 of the 99 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The distributed human neural system for face perception

Haxby, James V., Hoffman, Elizabeth A., Gobbini, M.Ida·2000·Trends in Cognitive Sciences

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Face perception, perhaps the most highly developed visual skill in humans, is mediated by a distributed neural system in humans that is comprised of multiple, bilateral regions. We propose a model for the organization of this system that emphasizes a distinction between the representation of invariant and changeable aspects of faces. The representation of invariant aspects of faces underlies the recognition of individuals, whereas the representation of changeable aspects of faces, such as eye gaze, expression, and lip movement, underlies the perception of information that facilitates social communication. The model is also hierarchical insofar as it is divided into a core system and an extended system. The core system is comprised of occipitotemporal regions in extrastriate visual cortex that mediate the visual analysis of faces. In the core system, the representation of invariant aspects is mediated more by the face-responsive region in the fusiform gyrus, whereas the representation of changeable aspects is mediated more by the face-responsive region in the superior temporal sulcus. The extended system is comprised of regions from neural systems for other cognitive functions that can be recruited to act in concert with the regions in the core system to extract meaning from faces.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01482-0

Cites

99 of 99 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception
Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., & Chun, M. M. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-11-04302.1997 · Cited by 7,738
Hearing lips and seeing voices
MCGURK, H., & MACDONALD, J. (1976) · Nature · doi:10.1038/264746a0 · Cited by 6,183
Two cortical visual systems
Ungerleider, L. G. (1982) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,531
Analysis of visual behavior
Ingle, D., Goodale, M. A., & Mansfield, R. J. W. (1982) · The MIT Press eBooks · Cited by 4,118
Understanding face recognition
Bruce, V., & Young, A. (1986) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1986.tb02199.x · Cited by 4,067
A cortical representation of the local visual environment
Epstein, R. A., & Kanwisher, N. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/33402 · Cited by 3,096
Looking at upside-down faces.
Yin, R. K. (1969) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027474 · Cited by 2,624
Impaired recognition of emotion in facial expressions following bilateral damage to the human amygdala
Adolphs, R., Tranel, D., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372669a0 · Cited by 2,360
A differential neural response in the human amygdala to fearful and happy facial expressions
Morris, J. S., Frith, C. D., Perrett, D. I., Rowland, D., Young, A. W., Calder, A. J., & Dolan, R. J. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/383812a0 · Cited by 2,013
Gaze Perception Triggers Reflexive Visuospatial Orienting
Driver, J., Davis, G. J., Ricciardelli, P., Kidd, P., Maxwell, E., & Baron‐Cohen, S. (1999) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/135062899394920 · Cited by 1,740
Response and Habituation of the Human Amygdala during Visual Processing of Facial Expression
Breiter, H. C., Etcoff, N. L., Whalen, P. J., Kennedy, W. A., Rauch, S. L., Buckner, R. L., Strauss, M. M., Hyman, S. E., & Rosen, B. R. (1996) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80219-6 · Cited by 1,711
SPACE AND ATTENTION IN PARIETAL CORTEX
Colby, C. L., & Goldberg, M. E. (1999) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.22.1.319 · Cited by 1,710
A specific neural substrate for perceiving facial expressions of disgust
Phillips, M. L., Young, A. W., Senior, C., Brammer, M., Andrew, C., Calder, A. J., Bullmore, E. T., Perrett, D. I., Rowland, D., Williams, S. C. R., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/39051 · Cited by 1,609
Functional neuroanatomy of face and object processing. A positron emission tomography study.
Sergent, J., Ohta, S., & Macdonald, B. (1992) · Brain : a journal of neurology · doi:10.1093/brain/115.1.15 · Cited by 1,576
Neural correlates of category-specific knowledge
Martin, A. D., Wiggs, C. L., Ungerleider, L. G., & Haxby, J. V. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/379649a0 · Cited by 1,575
Self-citation
The amygdala: Neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory, and mental dysfunction.
Aggleton, J. P. (1992) · Wiley-Liss eBooks · Cited by 1,536
Human amygdala activation during conditioned fear acquisition and extinction: a mixed-trial fMRI study
LaBar, K. S., Gatenby, J. C., Gore, J. C., LeDoux, J. E., & Phelps, E. A. (1998) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80475-4 · Cited by 1,402
The eyes have it! Reflexive orienting is triggered by nonpredictive gaze
Friesen, C. K., & Kingstone, A. (1998) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03208827 · Cited by 1,386
Visual neurones responsive to faces in the monkey temporal cortex
Perrett, D. I., Rolls, E. T., & Caan, W. (1982) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00239352 · Cited by 1,385
Social intelligence in the normal and autistic brain: An fMRI study
Baron‐Cohen, S., Ring, H. A., Wheelwright, S., Bullmore, E. T., Brammer, M. J., Simmons, A., & Williams, S. C. R. (1999) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00621.x · Cited by 1,320
The amygdala: Neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory and mental dysfunction
Scheel-Krüger, J. (1993) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/0891-0618(93)90037-5 · Cited by 1,281
Attribute-based neural substrates in temporal cortex for perceiving and knowing about objects
Chao, L. L., Haxby, J. V., & Martin, A. D. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/13217 · Cited by 1,246
Self-citation
Distinct representations of eye gaze and identity in the distributed human neural system for face perception
Hoffman, E. A., & Haxby, J. V. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/71152 · Cited by 1,218
Self-citation
Activation of the middle fusiform 'face area' increases with expertise in recognizing novel objects
Gauthier, L., Tarr, M. J., Anderson, A. W., Skudlarski, P., & Gore, J. C. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/9224 · Cited by 1,195
Face-specific processing in the human fusiform gyrus
McCarthy, G., Puce, A., Gore, J. C., & Allison, T. (1997) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.5.605 · Cited by 1,127
CONSPEC and CONLERN: A two-process theory of infant face recognition.
Morton, J., & Johnson, M. H. (1991) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.98.2.164 · Cited by 1,115
Temporal Cortex Activation in Humans Viewing Eye and Mouth Movements
Puce, A., Allison, T., Bentin, S., Gore, J. C., & McCarthy, G. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-06-02188.1998 · Cited by 1,070
The functional organization of human extrastriate cortex: a PET-rCBF study of selective attention to faces and locations
Haxby, J., Horwitz, B., Ungerleider, L. G., Maisog, J. M., Pietrini, P., & Grady, C. (1994) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-11-06336.1994 · Cited by 1,065
Self-citation
Social Intelligence in the Normal and Autistic Brain: An fMRI Study
Baron‐Cohen, S., RING, H. A., Wheelwright, S. J., Bullmore, E. T., Brammer, M. J., Simmons, A., & Williams, S. (2002) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/3077.003.0028 · Cited by 1,044
Activation of Auditory Cortex During Silent Lipreading
Calvert, G. A., Bullmore, E. T., Brammer, M. J., Campbell, R., Williams, S., McGuire, P. K., Woodruff, P. W. R., Iversen, S. D., & David, A. S. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.276.5312.593 · Cited by 1,025
Prosopagnosia
Damásio, A. R., Damásio, H., & Hoesen, G. W. V. (1982) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.32.4.331 · Cited by 1,017
Frontoparietal cortical networks for directing attention and the eye to visual locations: Identical, independent, or overlapping neural systems?
Corbetta, M. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.3.831 · Cited by 995
Do the eyes have it? Cues to the direction of social attention.
Langton, S. R. H., Watt, R., & Bruce, V. (2000) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(99)01436-9 · Cited by 955
Visual cells in the temporal cortex sensitive to face view and gaze direction
Perrett, D. I., Smith, P., Potter, D. D., Mistlin, A. J., Head, A., Milner, A. D., & Jeeves, M. A. (1985) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1985.0003 · Cited by 944
Neural mechanisms subserving the perception of human actions
Decety, J. (1999) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(99)01312-1 · Cited by 925
Upside‐down faces: A review of the effect of inversion upon face recognition
Valentine, T. (1988) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1988.tb02747.x · Cited by 910
Functional localization of the system for visuospatial attention using positron emission tomography
Nobre, A. (1997) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/120.3.515 · Cited by 900
Distributed representation of objects in the human ventral visual pathway
Ishai, A., Ungerleider, L. G., Martin, A. D., Schouten, J. L., & Haxby, J. V. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.16.9379 · Cited by 895
Self-citation
Social cognition and the human brain
Adolphs, R. (1999) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(99)01399-6 · Cited by 895
Organization and functions of cells responsive to faces in the temporal cortex
Perrett, D. I., Hietanen, J. K., Oram, M. W., & Benson, P. J. (1992) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1992.0003 · Cited by 882
Electrophysiological studies of human face perception. I: Potentials generated in occipitotemporal cortex by face and non-face stimuli
Allison, T. (1999) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/9.5.415 · Cited by 882
Joint Attention
Moore, C. L., Dunham, P. J., & Dunham, P. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315806617 · Cited by 867
Neural responses to facial and vocal expressions of fear and disgust
Phillips, M. L., Young, A. W., Scott, S. K., Calder, A., Andrew, C., Giampietro, V., Williams, S., Bullmore, E. T., Brammer, M. J., & Gray, J. A. (1998) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0506 · Cited by 837
Specific Involvement of Human Parietal Systems and the Amygdala in the Perception of Biological Motion
Bonda, E., Petrides, M., Ostry, D. J., & Evans, A. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-11-03737.1996 · Cited by 741
Facial Emotion Recognition after Bilateral Amygdala Damage: Differentially Severe Impairment of Fear
Calder, A. J. (1996) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/026432996381890 · Cited by 712
Superior Parietal Cortex Activation During Spatial Attention Shifts and Visual Feature Conjunction
Corbetta, M., Shulman, G. L., Miezin, F. M., & Petersen, S. E. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.270.5237.802 · Cited by 702
Adult's Eyes Trigger Shifts of Visual Attention in Human Infants
Hood, B. M., Willen, J. D., & Driver, J. (1998) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00024 · Cited by 682
Neural structures associated with recognition of facial expressions of basic emotions
Sprengelmeyer, R., Rausch, M., Eysel, U. T., & Przuntek, H. (1998) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0522 · Cited by 664
The role of expression and identity in the face-selective responses of neurons in the temporal visual cortex of the monkey
Hasselmo, M. E., Rolls, E. T., & Baylis, G. C. (1989) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(89)80054-3 · Cited by 657
The Effect of Face Inversion on Activity in Human Neural Systems for Face and Object Perception
Haxby, J. V., Ungerleider, L. G., Clark, V. P., Schouten, J. L., Hoffman, E. A., & Martin, A. D. (1999) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80690-x · Cited by 657
Self-citation
Reflexive visual orienting in response to the social attention of others
Langton, S. R. H., & Bruce, V. (1999) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/135062899394939 · Cited by 600
Face-Selective Cells in the Temporal Cortex of Monkeys
Desimone, R. (1991) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1991.3.1.1 · Cited by 565
Neural Systems Underlying the Recognition of Familiar and Newly Learned Faces
Leveroni, C. L., Seidenberg, M., Mayer, A. R., Mead, L. A., Binder, J. R., & Rao, S. M. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-02-00878.2000 · Cited by 494
What's lost in inverted faces?
Rhodes, G., Brake, S., & Atkinson, A. P. (1993) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(93)90061-y · Cited by 487
Five primate species follow the visual gaze of conspecifics
Tomasello, M., Call, J., & Hare, B. A. (1998) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1006/anbe.1997.0636 · Cited by 484
An Area within Human Ventral Cortex Sensitive to “Building” Stimuli
Aguirre, G. K., Zarahn, E., & D’Esposito, M. (1998) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80546-2 · Cited by 477
The neural systems sustaining face and proper-name processing
Tempini, M. L. G. (1998) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/121.11.2103 · Cited by 461
Electrophysiological Studies of Human Face Perception. II: Response Properties of Face-specific Potentials Generated in Occipitotemporal Cortex
McCarthy, G. (1999) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/9.5.431 · Cited by 460
The effect of face inversion on the human fusiform face area
Kanwisher, N., Tong, F., & Nakayama, K. (1998) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(98)00035-3 · Cited by 434
Electrophysiological studies of human face perception. III: Effects of top-down processing on face-specific potentials
Puce, A. (1999) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/9.5.445 · Cited by 422
Emotion and amygdala.
LeDoux, J. E. (1992) · Cited by 410
Neurones responsive to faces in the temporal cortex: studies of functional organization, sensitivity to identity and relation to perception.
Perrett, D. I., Smith, P., Potter, D. D., Mistlin, A. J., Head, A., Milner, A. D., & Jeeves, M. A. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 404
Face processing impairments after amygdalotomy
Young, A. W., Aggleton, J. P., Hellawell, D. J., Johnson, M. H., Broks, P., & Hanley, J. R. (1995) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/118.1.15 · Cited by 399
Agnosia for Faces (Prosopagnosia)
Hécaen, H., & Angelergues, R. (1962) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1962.04210020014002 · Cited by 357
Face recognition by brain-injured patients: A dissociable ability?
Yin, R. K. (1970) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(70)90036-9 · Cited by 354
The inverted face inversion effect in prosopagnosia: Evidence for mandatory, face-specific perceptual mechanisms
Farah, M. J., Wilson, K. D., Drain, H. M., & Tanaka, J. (1995) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(94)00273-o · Cited by 346
Integration of form and motion in the anterior superior temporal polysensory area (STPa) of the macaque monkey
Oram, M. W., & Perrett, D. I. (1996) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.1.109 · Cited by 345
Visual analysis of body movements by neurones in the temporal cortex of the macaque monkey: A preliminary report
Perrett, D. I., Smith, P., Mistlin, A. J., Chitty, A. J., Head, A., Potter, D. D., Broennimann, R., Milner, A. D., & Jeeves, M. A. (1985) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(85)90089-0 · Cited by 333
Can Face Recognition Really be Dissociated from Object Recognition?
Gauthier, L., Behrmann, M., & Tarr, M. J. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892999563472 · Cited by 324
Prosopagnosia: A Face-Specific Disorder
McNeil, J. E., & Warrington, E. K. (1993) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/14640749308401064 · Cited by 311
Intact recognition of facial expression, gender, and age in patients with impaired recognition of face identity
Tranel, D., Damásio, A. R., & Damásio, H. (1988) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.38.5.690 · Cited by 305
The neuropsychology of facial recognition.
Benton, A. L. (1980) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.35.2.176 · Cited by 294
Gaze following and joint attention in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).
Emery, N. J., Lorincz, E. N., Perrett, D. I., Oram, M. W., & Baker, C. I. (1997) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037/0735-7036.111.3.286 · Cited by 279
Activation of the Right Inferior Frontal Cortex During Assessment of Facial Emotion
Nakamura, K., Kawashima, R., Ito, K., Sugiura, M., Kato, T., Nakamura, A., Hatano, K., Nagumo, S., Kubota, K., Fukuda, H., et al. (1999) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1999.82.3.1610 · Cited by 265
Varieties of Functional Deficits in Prosopagnosia
Sergent, J., & Signoret, J. L. (1992) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/2.5.375 · Cited by 264
The fusiform face area is selective for faces not animals
Kanwisher, N., Stanley, D. A., & Harris, A. M. (1999) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199901180-00035 · Cited by 263
Expression is computed separately from facial identity, and it is computed separately for moving and static faces: Neuropsychological evidence
Humphreys, G. W., Donnelly, N., & Riddoch, M. J. (1993) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(93)90045-2 · Cited by 260
Contrast polarity and face recognition in the human fusiform gyrus
George, N., Dolan, R. J., Fink, G. R., Baylis, G. C., Russell, C., & Driver, J. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/9230 · Cited by 255
Sensitivity to eye gaze in prosopagnosic patients and monkeys with superior temporal sulcus ablation
Campbell, R., Heywood, C. A., Cowey, A., Regard, M., & Landis, T. (1990) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(90)90050-x · Cited by 254
Does your gaze direction and head orientation shift my visual attention?
Hietanen, J. (1999) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199911080-00033 · Cited by 245
Prosopagnosia in two patients with CT scan evidence of damage confined to the right hemisphere
Renzi, E. D. (1986) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(86)90023-0 · Cited by 235
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Human Visual Cortex during Face Matching: A Comparison with Positron Emission Tomography
Clark, V. P., Keil, K., Maisog, J. M., Courtney, S. M., Ungerleider, L. G., & Haxby, J. V. (1996) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1996.0025 · Cited by 234
Self-citation
Neurophysiological correlates of the recognition of facial expressions of emotion as revealed by magnetoencephalography
Streit, M., Ioannides, A. A., Liu, L., Wölwer, W., Dammers, J., Groß, J., Gäebel, W., & Müller-Gärtner, H.-W. (1999) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(98)00048-2 · Cited by 222
Are Unilateral Right Posterior Cerebral Lesions Sufficient to Cause Prosopagnosia? Clinical and Radiological Findings in Six Additional Patients
Landis, T., Cummings, J. L., Christen, L., Bogen, J. E., & Imhof, H.-G. (1986) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(86)80048-x · Cited by 219
The eye direction detector (EDD) and the shared attention mechanism (SAM): Two cases for evolutionary psychology.
Baron‐Cohen, S. (1995) · Cited by 204
Matching familiar and unfamiliar faces on identity and expression
Young, A. W., McWeeny, K. H., Hay, D. C., & Ellis, A. W. (1986) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/bf00309318 · Cited by 199
Gaze detection and the cortical processing of faces: Evidence from infants and adults
Vecera, S. P., & Johnson, M. H. (1995) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506289508401722 · Cited by 177
The role of the ‘face-cell’ area in the discrimination and recognition of faces by monkeys
Heywood, C. A., & Cowey, A. (1992) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1992.0004 · Cited by 170
Repetition Priming and Face Processing: Priming Occurs within the System that Responds to the Identity of a Face
Ellis, A. W., Young, A. W., & Flude, B. M. (1990) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/14640749008401234 · Cited by 170
Are face-responsive regions selective only for faces?
Chao, L. L., Martin, A. D., & Haxby, J. V. (1999) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199909290-00013 · Cited by 166
Self-citation
Visual Processing of Faces in Temporal Cortex: Physiological Evidence for a Modular Organization and Possible Anatomical Correlates
Harries, M. H., & Perrett, D. I. (1991) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1991.3.1.9 · Cited by 158
Stimulus inversion and the responses of face and object-sensitive cortical areas
Aguirre, G. K., Singh, R. K., & D’Esposito, M. (1999) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199901180-00036 · Cited by 146
Facial Expression Recognition Using Model-Based Feature Extraction and Action Parameters Classification
Huang, C., & Huang, Y. (1997) · Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation · doi:10.1006/jvci.1997.0359 · Cited by 135
Social Signals Analyzed at the Single Cell Level: Someone is Looking at Me, Something Moved!
Perrett, D. I., Harris, M. H., Mistlin, A. J., Hietanen, J. K., Benson, P. J., Bevan, R., Thomas, S. M., Oram, M. W., Ortega, J. E., & Brierly, K. (2012) · International Journal of Comparative Psychology · doi:10.46867/c4x88p · Cited by 113
Imaging visual recognition: PET and fMRI studies of the functional anatomy of human visual recognition
Farah, M. J., & Aguirre, G. K. (1999) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(99)01309-1 · Cited by 91
Perception of facial characteristics by monkeys.
Perrett, D. I., & Mistlin, A. J. (1990) · Cited by 89
Distinctiveness and Expertise Effects with Homogeneous Stimuli: Towards a Model of Configural Coding
Rhodes, G., & McLean, I. G. (1990) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p190773 · Cited by 74
Cognitive mechanisms of face processing
Ellis, A. W. (1992) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1992.0014 · Cited by 36
Auditory and visual word processing studied with fMRI
(1999) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(1999)7:1

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Perrett, 1984, Neurones responsive to faces in the temporal cortex, Hum. Neurobiol., 3, 197
Brothers, 1990, The social brain, Concepts Neurosci., 1, 27

Sorted by citations

Distributed and overlapping representations of faces and objects in ventral temporal cortex
Haxby, J. V., Gobbini, M. I., Furey, M. L., Ishai, A., Schouten, J. L., & Pietrini, P. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1063736 · Cited by 3,940
Self-citation
Intersubject synchronization of cortical activity during natural vision
Hasson, U., Nir, Y., Levy, I., Fuhrmann, G., & Malach, R. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1089506 · Cited by 1,839
Neural systems for recognizing emotion
Adolphs, R. (2002) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(02)00301-x · Cited by 1,933
Cognitive neuroscience of human social behaviour
Adolphs, R. (2003) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1056 · Cited by 1,657
Inferences of competence from faces predict election outcomes
Todorov, A., Mandisodza, A. N., Goren, A., & Hall, C. C. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110589 · Cited by 1,508

See all 4,891

Authors: Haxby, J. V., Hoffman, E. A., & Gobbini, M. I.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Haxby, James V.
ORCID: Gobbini, M.Ida
Venue: Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2000-06
Volume: 4
Issue: 6
Pages: 223-233
ISSN: 1364-6613 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01482-0
OpenAlex: W2101790396
Cited by: 4,891
References: 99
Citations by year: 2026: 134 · 2025: 189 · 2024: 170 · 2023: 192 · 2022: 178 · 2021: 243 · 2020: 249 · 2019: 224 · 2018: 250 · 2017: 245 · 2016: 265 · 2015: 246 · 2014: 243 · 2013: 271 · 2012: 257
FWCI: 5.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
Iris (University of Trento) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Face recognition and analysis
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
Keywords: face perception, face recognition (cognition), facial expressions, gaze, lip movement, fusiform gyrus, superior temporal sulcus, extrastriate cortex, social communication

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The distributed human neural system for face perception

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks