Construct validity of the Profile of Mood States — Adolescents for use with adults
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The POMS-A has demonstrated good reliability and criterion validity in the assessment of mood in adolescent populations.
“This scale has demonstrated good reliability and criterion validity in the assessment of mood in adolescent populations [50,51].”
From A Virtual Reality–Based Cognitive Defusion Application for Youth Depression and Anxiety: Mixed Methods Experimental Study. (2025) · cites this paper as [51]
Cites
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788 · see citing works
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,888 · see citing works
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139 · see citing works
Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931 · see citing works
(1998) · Cited by 36,049 · see citing works
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433 · see citing works
Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124192021002005 · Cited by 27,200 · see citing works
Comparative fit indexes in structural models.
Bentler, P. M. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238 · Cited by 25,266 · see citing works
Testing Structural Equation Models.
Mueller, C. W., Bollen, K. A., & Long, J. S. (1994) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2074955 · Cited by 14,211 · see citing works
EQS : structural equations program manual
Bentler, P. M. (1989) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,669 · see citing works
Testing Structural Equation Models.
Clogg, C. C., Bollen, K. A., & Long, J. S. (1995) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2580595 · Cited by 8,244 · see citing works
Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach
Steiger, J. H. (1990) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr2502_4 · Cited by 7,408 · see citing works
A Reliability Coefficient for Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis
Tucker, L. R., & Lewis, C. (1973) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02291170 · Cited by 7,330 · see citing works
Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications.
Smith, M. D., & Hoyle, R. H. (1996) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.2307/2988418 · Cited by 6,868 · see citing works
Toward a consensual structure of mood.
Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.219 · Cited by 5,362 · see citing works
Structural Equation Modeling With AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming, Third Edition
Byrne, B. M. (2016) · doi:10.4324/9781315757421 · Cited by 4,653 · see citing works
Book Review: Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications
Rigdon, E. E., & Hoyle, R. H. (1997) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151904 · Cited by 4,085 · see citing works
Byrne, B. M. (1998) · Cited by 3,873 · see citing works
Development and validation of the State Hope Scale.
Snyder, C. R. R., Sympson, S. C., Ybasco, F. C., Borders, T. F., Babyak, M. A., & Higgins, R. L. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.2.321 · Cited by 3,584 · see citing works
Alternative ways of assessing model fit
Browne, M. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,595 · see citing works
McNair, D. M. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,527 · see citing works
Writing about structural equation models.
Hoyle, R. H., & Panter, A. T. (1995) · Cited by 1,708 · see citing works
A Shortened Version of the Profile of Mood States
Shacham, S. (1983) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4703_14 · Cited by 1,231 · see citing works
Factor-analytic methods of scale development in personality and clinical psychology
Comrey, A. L. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.56.5.754 · Cited by 1,154 · see citing works
Exploratory Factor Analysis: Its Role in Item Analysis
Gorsuch, R. L. (1997) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6803_5 · Cited by 1,062 · see citing works
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-0355 · Cited by 949 · see citing works
Viability of exploratory factor analysis as a precursor to confirmatory factor analysis
Gerbing, D. W., & Hamilton, J. G. (1996) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519609540030 · Cited by 734 · see citing works
Development and validation of a mood measure for adolescents
Terry, P. C., Lane, A. M., Lane, H. J., & Keohane, L. (1999) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/026404199365425 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Self-citationAnxiety and depression: an information processing perspective
Beck, A. T., & Clark, D. A. (1988) · Anxiety Research · doi:10.1080/10615808808248218 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Exercise and mood: A selective review and synthesis of research employing the profile of mood states
Berger, B. G., & Motl, R. W. (2000) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200008404214 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Research methods in sport and exercise psychology: quantitative and qualitative issues
Biddle, S., Markland, D. A., Gilbourne, D., Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., & Sparkes, A. C. (2001) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/026404101317015438 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of an abbreviated Profile of Mood States
(1992) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · Cited by 361 · see citing works
The Nature of Mood: Development of a Conceptual Model with a Focus on Depression
Lane, A. M., & Terry, P. C. (2000) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200008404211 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Self-citationSport psychology : theory, applications and issues
Morris, T., & Summers, J. J. (1995) · eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Crocker, P. R. E. (1997) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.19.1.91 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Normative values for the profile of mood states for use with athletic samples
Terry, P. C., & Lane, A. M. (2000) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200008404215 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationTennen, H. A., Hall, J. A., & Affleck, G. G. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.68.5.870 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Perceptions of group cohesion and mood in sport teams.
Terry, P. C., Carron, A. V., Pink, M. J., Lane, A. M., Jones, G. J. W., & Hall, M. P. (2000) · Group Dynamics Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/1089-2699.4.3.244 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationAlbrecht, R., & Ewing, S. J. (1989) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5301_4 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Mood and performance: test of a conceptual model with a focus on depressed mood
Lane, A. M., Terry, P. C., Beedie, C., Curry, D. A., & Clark, N. (2001) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/s1469-0292(01)00007-3 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationBibliography on the Profile of Mood States in Sport and Exercise Psychology Research, 1971-1998
LeUnes, A. D., & Burger, J. (1998) · Journal of sport behavior · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Updated bibliography on the profile of mood states in sport and exercise psychology research
LeUnes, A. D. (2000) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200008404216 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Eating attitudes, body shape perceptions and mood of elite rowers
Terry, P. C., Lane, A. M., & Warren, L. (1999) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/s1440-2440(99)80185-6 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationInternational Perspectives on Sport and Exercise Psychology
Serpa, S., Alves, J. A. M., & Pataco, V. (1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Age Differences in Mood: Structure, Mean Level, and Diurnal Variation
McNeil, J. K., Stones, M. J., Kozma, A., & Andrés, D. P. (1994) · Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement · doi:10.1017/s0714980800006024 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Terry, P. C., & Waite, J. G. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationTerry, P. C. (2004) · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 51 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mental fatigue impairs physical performance in humans
Marcora, S., Staiano, W., & Manning, V. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91324.2008 · Cited by 1,485 · see citing works
“Mood. The Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) developed by Terry et al. ( 65 ) was used to assess mood.”
MethodMountjoy, M., Ackerman, K. E., Bailey, D. M., Burke, L. M., Constantini, N., Hackney, A. C., Heikura, I. A., Melin, A., Pensgaard, A. M., Stellingwerff, T., et al. (2023) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2023-106994 · Cited by 724 · see citing works
The effect of acute aerobic exercise on positive activated affect: A meta-analysis
Reed, J., & Ones, D. S. (2006) · Psychology of Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2005.11.003 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Schinke, R. J., Stambulova, N. B., Si, G., & Moore, Z. E. (2017) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2017.1295557 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
“Alternatively, researchers and practitioners can choose the 24-item Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS), developed by Terry, Lane, and Fogarty (2003), which is translated and validated into several languages (e.g. Lan, Lane, Roy, & Hanin, 2012; Zhang, Si, Chung, Du, & Terry, 2014).”
BackgroundGidlow, C. J., Jones, M. V., Hurst, G., Masterson, D., Clark-Carter, D. D., Tarvainen, M. P., Smith, G., & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2015) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.11.003 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Development and Validation of the Sport Emotion Questionnaire
Jones, M. V., Lane, A. M., Bray, S. R., Uphill, M. A., & Catlin, J. (2005) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.27.4.407 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
“In the present study the BRUMS (Terry et al., 1999; 2003) and SEQ are closely associated.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationComparing the Effects of Three Cognitive Tasks on Indicators of Mental Fatigue
Smith, M. R., Chai, R., Nguyen, H. T., Marcora, S., & Coutts, A. J. (2019) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2019.1611530 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Devonport, T. J., Nicholls, W., & Fullerton, C. (2019) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105317697813 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
“Since it was of key importance that the present review captures the full range of emotions represented in existing literature, the search terms for emotion were derived from four measures of emotion (Crawford and Henry, 2004, Hanin, 2000, McNair et al.,1981; Terry et al., 2003).”
BackgroundEffects of synchronous music on treadmill running among elite triathletes
Terry, P. C., Karageorghis, C. I., Saha, A. M., & D’Auria, S. (2011) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2011.06.003 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Self-citationMental Fatigue Impairs Intermittent Running Performance
Smith, M. R., Marcora, S., & Coutts, A. J. (2014) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000592 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
The effects of mental fatigue on sport-related performance
Pageaux, B., & Lepers, R. (2018) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.10.004 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Prolonged Mental Exertion Does Not Alter Neuromuscular Function of the Knee Extensors
Pageaux, B., Marcora, S., & Lepers, R. (2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31829b504a · Cited by 240 · see citing works
“(36) was used to quantify current mood (‘‘How do you feel”
MethodResponse inhibition impairs subsequent self-paced endurance performance
Pageaux, B., Lepers, R., Dietz, K. C., & Marcora, S. (2014) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-014-2838-5 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Pageaux, B., Marcora, S., Rozand, V., & Lepers, R. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00067 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
High altitude exposure impairs sleep patterns, mood, and cognitive functions
Lemos, V. D. A., Antunes, H. K. M., dos Santos, R. V. T., Lira, F. S., Tufik, S., & de Mello, M. T. (2012) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2012.01411.x · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Effects of lavender on anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Donelli, D., Antonelli, M., Bellinazzi, C., Gensini, G. F., & Firenzuoli, F. (2019) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153099 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
The effects of synchronous music on 400-m sprint performance
Simpson, S. D., & Karageorghis, C. I. (2006) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410500432789 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
“The BRUMS raw scores were normalized for male adult athletes (Terry et al., 2003) and checks were made for the parametric assumptions that underlie repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).”
MethodMental Fatigue and Soccer: Current Knowledge and Future Directions
Smith, M. R., Thompson, C., Marcora, S., Skorski, S., Meyer, T., & Coutts, A. J. (2018) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-018-0908-2 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Psychosocial Responses During Different Phases of Sport-Injury Rehabilitation: A Qualitative Study
Clement, D., Arvinen‐Barrow, M., & Fetty, T. (2014) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.52 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Anderson‐Hanley, C., Barcelos, N. M., Zimmerman, E. A., Gillen, R. W., Dunnam, M., Cohen, B. D., Yerokhin, V., Miller, K. E., Hayes, D. J., Arciero, P. J., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2018.00076 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Rohlfs, I. C. P. D. M., Rotta, T. M., Luft, C. D. B., Andrade, A., Krebs, R. J., & de Carvalho, T. (2008) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/s1517-86922008000300003 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Cyberbullying victimisation in adolescence: relationships with loneliness and depressive mood
Olenik-Shemesh, D., Heiman, T., & Eden, S. (2012) · Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties · doi:10.1080/13632752.2012.704227 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
“Depressive mood is assessed through mood states of anger, confusion, depression, fatigue and tension (Russell 2003; Terry, Lane, and Fogarty 2003).”
BackgroundLastella, M., Lovell, G. P., & Sargent, C. (2012) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2012.660505 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
The role of mood and personality in the perception of emotions represented by music
Vuoskoski, J. K., & Eerola, T. (2011) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2011.04.011 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Psychological predictors of injury among elite athletes
Galambos, S. A., Terry, P. C., Moyle, G., & Locke, S. A. (2005) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2005.018440 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citationMoving beyond the neighborhood: Daily exposure to nature and adolescents’ mood
Li, D., Deal, B. M., Zhou, X., Slavenas, M., & SULLIVAN, W. C. (2018) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.01.009 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Efficacy of Burnout Interventions in the Medical Education Pipeline
Williams, D. M., Tricomi, G., Gupta, J., & Janise, A. (2014) · Academic Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40596-014-0197-5 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
“These instruments include the Profile of Mood States (POMS), PerceivedMedical Student Stress (PMMS), andmore recently the Medical Student Well-Being Index (MSWBI) [21, 22].”
MethodTalking Yourself Out of Exhaustion: The Effects of Self-talk on Endurance Performance
BLANCHFIELD, A. W., HARDY, J., DE MORREE, H. M., STAIANO, W., & MARCORA, S. M. (2014) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000184 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
“This abbreviated 24-item profile of mood states has been validated for use with adult populations (42).”
MethodAngius, L., Santarnecchi, E., Pascual‐Leone, Á., & Marcora, S. (2019) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.052 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Brandt, R., Bevilacqua, G. G., & Andrade, A. (2016) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001551 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Lane, A. M., Beedie, C., Devonport, T. J., & Stanley, D. M. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01364.x · Cited by 128 · see citing works
“…et al. (2005) created a range of sport emotion items, grounded in the experience of athletes to ensure face validity, the resultant emotion scale correlated strongly with the Brunel Mood Scale (Terry et al., 2003), a non-sports measure based on the Profile of Mood States (McNair et al., 1971).”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationO’Keeffe, K., Hodder, S., & Lloyd, A. B. (2019) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2019.1687940 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
“Moods were assessed using the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) where fatigue, vigour, confusion, depression, tension and anger were monitored pre- and postconditions (Terry, Lane, and Fogarty 2003).”
MethodSilva, N. B., & Osório, F. L. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194731 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Multidimensional Monitoring of Recovery Status and Implications for Performance
Heidari, J., Beckmann, J., Bertollo, M., Brink, M. S., Kallus, K. W., Robazza, C., & Kellmann, M. (2018) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2017-0669 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Thompson, K. G., Turner, L., Prichard, J., Dodd, F., Kennedy, D. O., Haskell, C., Blackwell, J. R., & Jones, A. M. (2014) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2013.12.015 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“Mood was assessed presupplement, post-supplement but preexercise, and post-exercise using the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS), a questionnaire which is based on the Profile of Mood States (Terry et al., 2003).”
Lee, M., Song, C.-B., Shin, G.-H., & Lee, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00425 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Fosco, G. M., & Lydon‐Staley, D. M. (2019) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12515 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Saw, A. E., Kellmann, M., Main, L. C., & Gastin, P. B. (2016) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2016-0395 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Mood Responses Associated With COVID-19 Restrictions
Terry, P. C., Parsons-Smith, R. L., & Terry, V. R. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.589598 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of mental fatigue on speed–accuracy trade-off
Rozand, V., Lebon, F., Papaxanthis, C., & Lepers, R. (2015) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.066 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
“The Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS; Terry et al., 2003) was used to quantify current mood (‘‘How do you feel right now?’’) before and after the mental fatigue task and the documentary viewing.”
Emotional intelligence and emotions associated with optimal and dysfunctional athletic performance.
Lane, A. M., Devonport, T. J., Soós, I., Karsai, I., Leibinger, É., & Hamar, P. (2010) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationEmotions and trait emotional intelligence among ultra-endurance runners
Lane, A. M., & Wilson, M. G. (2011) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2011.03.001 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationAstokorki, A. H. Y., & Mauger, A. R. (2017) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3532-6 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“On completion of the test, participants received a 30 min rest period during which they were familiarised with, and completed, a mood questionnaire [Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS)] (Terry et al. 2003).”
MethodEffects of caffeine ingestion on endurance performance in mentally fatigued individuals
Azevedo, R. D. A., Silva‐Cavalcante, M. D., Gualano, B., Lima‐Silva, A. E., & Bertuzzi, R. (2016) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3483-y · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“The POMS was first applied at the first visit to familiarize participants with the questionnaire, and the participants were required to respond the following question: “How have you been feeling during the past week, including today?” (Terry et al. 2003).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialNicholls, W., Devonport, T. J., & Blake, M. (2015) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12329 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Within‐person variability in curiosity during daily life and associations with well‐being
Lydon‐Staley, D. M., Zurn, P., & Bassett, D. S. (2020) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12515 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Rozand, V., Lebon, F., Stapley, P. J., Papaxanthis, C., & Lepers, R. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.09.036 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
A multi‐component assessment model for monitoring training distress among athletes
Main, L. C., & Grove, B. (2009) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461390902818260 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“This instrument was chosen because it is relatively brief (24 items), it possesses sound psychometric properties within adult populations, and all of its subscales exhibit significant positive correlations with the corresponding subscale in the full-length POMS (Terry et al., 2003).”
MethodInfluentialA novel sleep optimisation programme to improve athletes’ well‐being and performance
Ryswyk, E. V., Weeks, R. G., Bandick, L., O'Keefe, M., Vakulin, A., CATCHESIDE, P. G., Barger, L. K., Potter, A., Poulos, N., Wallace, J., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2016.1221470 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
College Women's Reactions to Sexual Assault Research Participation: Is it Distressing?
Edwards, K. M., Kearns, M. C., Calhoun, K. S., & Gidycz, C. A. (2009) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2009.01492.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Mood, self-set goals and examination performance: the moderating effect of depressed mood
Lane, A. M., Whyte, G. P., Terry, P. C., & Nevill, A. M. (2005) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.12.015 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“Recently it was found that the normal score for depression items is zero when mood is assessed in achievement related contexts such as sport (Terry et al., 1999, 2003; Terry & Lane, 2000).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationBoyle, G. J., Helmes, E., Matthews, G., & Izard, C. E. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386915-9.00008-5 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Social psychology of exercise and sport
Hagger, M. S., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2005) · Open University Press eBooks · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Exercise Addiction in Practitioners of Endurance Sports: A Literature Review
López, A. N., González, O. M., del Valle, A. S., & Márquez, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01484 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The effect of attentional bias toward shape‐ and weight‐related information on body dissatisfaction
Smith, E., & Rieger, E. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20291 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Mohammed, W. A., Pappous, A., & Sharma, D. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00722 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Other measurements used were the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), and Profile of Mood States (POMS).”
MethodInfluentialFishbein, D., Miller, S., Herman-Stahl, M., Williams, J., Lavery, B., Markovitz, L., Kluckman, M., Mosoriak, G., & Johnson, M. (2016) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-015-0231-6 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Slimani, M., Znazen, H., Bragazzi, N. L., Zguira, M. S., & Tod, D. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm7120510 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“According to the BRUMS [24,25], 30 min of reading from these magazines was emotionally neutral.”
MethodInfluentialDoes mental exertion alter maximal muscle activation?
Rozand, V., Pageaux, B., Marcora, S., Papaxanthis, C., & Lepers, R. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00755 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“The Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) developed by Terry et al. (2003) was used to quantify current mood (“How do you feel right now?”) before the first and after the final neuromuscular test.”
MethodFosco, G. M., & Lydon‐Staley, D. M. (2017) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12997 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Tyack, A., Wyeth, P. A., & Johnson, D. M. (2016) · Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play · doi:10.1145/2967934.2968098 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Graham, J. D., Ginis, K. A. M., & Bray, S. R. (2016) · Sport Exercise and Performance Psychology · doi:10.1037/spy0000074 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Smirmaul, B. P. C., de Moraes, A. C., Angius, L., & Marcora, S. (2016) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3496-6 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“For the BRUMS subscales, the time factor data points were before and after pill ingestion.”
InfluentialBlanchfield, A., Hardy, J., & Marcora, S. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00967 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“This measure of mood has been validated for use with adult populations (Terry et al., 2003).”
MethodEmotion Regulation Questionnaire for use with athletes
Uphill, M. A., Lane, A. M., & Jones, M. V. (2012) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.05.001 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationDoes a Mental Training Session Induce Neuromuscular Fatigue?
Rozand, V., Lebon, F., Papaxanthis, C., & Lepers, R. (2014) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000327 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The impact of sensorimotor experience on affective evaluation of dance
Kirsch, L. P., Drommelschmidt, K. A., & Cross, E. S. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00521 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“Participants encountered these 20 short sequences, which ranged in length between 5 and 7 s, before and after training in a task used to assess aesthetic evaluation of the movements.”
MethodHeinrich, E. C., Djokic, M. A., Gilbertson, D., DeYoung, P. N., Bosompra, N., Wu, L., Anza‐Ramirez, C., Orr, J. E., Powell, F. L., Malhotra, A., et al. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0217089 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“The 24-item Profile of Mood States–Adolescent (POMS-A) mood scale was chosen as it is shorter than the standard 48-item POMS questionnaire but provides comparable results [36] and is validated for use in adults [37].”
MethodMood responses to athletic performance in extreme environments
Lane, A. M., Terry, P. C., Stevens, M. J., Barney, S., & Dinsdale, S. L. (2004) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410400005875 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of Probiotics on Anxiety, Stress, Mood and Fitness of Badminton Players
Salleh, R. M., Kuan, G., Aziz, M. N. A., Rahim, M. R. A., Rahayu, T., Sulaiman, S., Kusuma, D. W. Y., Adikari, A. M. G. C. P., Razam, M. S. M., Radhakrishnan, A. K., et al. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13061783 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“The Brunel mood scale (BRUMS) questionnaire, which was based on profiling mood state (POMS), was used in this study to determine the players’ moods [25,26].”
MethodThe effect of attentional training on body dissatisfaction and dietary restriction
Smith, E., & Rieger, E. (2009) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.921 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Anderson, K. M., Rieger, E., & Caterson, I. D. (2006) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.08.002 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“To investigate the association between maladaptive schemata and mood disturbance, eating problems and weight status, we calculated correlation coefficients between total scores on the YSQ-S and the POMS-A scores, BES scores and BMI within the obese and control groups.”
BackgroundInfluentialDallaway, N., Lucas, S. J. E., & Ring, C. (2022) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14126 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“Following the tasks, items (exhausted, sleepy, tired, worn- out) from the fatigue subscale of the profile of mood states were rated on a 5- point scale, with anchors of 1 “not at all” and 5 “extremely” (Terry et al., 2003).”
Mood states, self-set goals, self-efficacy and performance in academic examinations
Thelwell, R., Lane, A. M., & Weston, N. J. V. (2006) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.07.024 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationThe influence of an afternoon nap on the endurance performance of trained runners
Blanchfield, A., Lewis-Jones, T. M., Wignall, J. R., Roberts, J. B., & Oliver, S. J. (2018) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2018.1477180 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Richardson, D. L., Duncan, M. J., Clarke, N. D., Myers, T., & Tallis, J. A. (2020) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1850984 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“The Brunel mood scale (BRUMS) is a 24-item self-report measure comprising words that describe feelings and is established as a reliable and valid measure of mood state (Lane et al., 2005; Terry et al., 2003).”
BackgroundMethodRanzenhofer, L. M., Hannallah, L. M., Field, S. E., Shomaker, L. B., Stephens, M. B., Sbrocco, T., Kozlosky, M., Reynolds, J. C., Yanovski, J. A., & Tanofsky‐Kraff, M. (2013) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.03.018 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Emotional Intelligence and Mood States associated with Optimal Performance
Lane, A. M., Thelwell, R., & Devonport, T. J. (2009) · E-Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.7790/ejap.v5i1.123 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationThe emotional influence of different geometries in virtual spaces: A neurocognitive examination
Shemesh, A., Leisman, G., Bar, M., & Grobman, Y. J. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101802 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Cutsem, J. V., Schuerbeek, P. V., Pattyn, N., Raeymaekers, H., Mey, J. D., MEEUSEN, R. R., & Roelands, B. (2022) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2022.06.006 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Burgués, P. L., March‐Llanes, J., & Guiu, G. F. (2012) · Revista de Investigación Educativa · doi:10.6018/rie.31.1.147821 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Solianik, R., Sujeta, A., Terentjevienė, A., & Skurvydas, A. (2016) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2016/1503956 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“Current mood (“how do you feel right now?”) before and after fasting was assessed using the Brunel Mood Scale [28].”
MethodPsychological effects of rapid weight loss and attitudes towards eating among professional jockeys
Caulfield, M. J., & Karageorghis, C. I. (2008) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410701837349 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Subsequently, the BRUMS was subjected to a comprehensive analysis of its construct validity among adult participants by Terry and co-workers (Terry, Lane, & Fogarty, 2003 ).”
Fatigue in patients with low grade glioma: systematic evaluation of assessment and prevalence
Loon, E. M. P. V. C., Coomans, M. B., Heijenbrok‐Kal, M. H., Ribbers, G. M., & van den Bent, M. J. (2017) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-017-2454-4 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Petrowski, K., Albani, C., Zenger, M., Brähler, E., & Schmalbach, B. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631668 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“, 2012), which was regarded as a cognitive state (Lane et al., 2007).”
BackgroundJust a game? Changes in English and Spanish soccer fans’ emotions in the 2010 World Cup
Jones, M. V., Coffee, P., Sheffield, D., Yangüez, M., & Barker, J. B. (2011) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.10.008 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Pensgaard, A. M., Sundgot-Borgen, J., Edwards, C., Jacobsen, A. U., & Mountjoy, M. (2023) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2023-106867 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Intensity and physiological strain of competitive ultra-endurance exercise in humans
Lucas, S. J. E., Anglem, N., Roberts, W. S., Anson, J. G., Palmer, C. D., Walker, R. J., Cook, C. J., & Cotter, J. D. (2008) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410701552872 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“A 5-point scale was used to maintain measurement consistency with a parallel assessment of mood (Brunel Mood Scale; Terry, Lane, & Fogarty, 2003 ).”
MethodMood, Illness and Injury Responses and Recovery with Adventure Racing
Anglem, N., Lucas, S. J. E., Rose, E. A., & Cotter, J. D. (2008) · Wilderness and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1580/07-weme-or-091.1 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
No Sex Difference in Mental Fatigue Effect on High-Level Runners’ Aerobic Performance
Lopes, T. R., de Oliveira, D. M., Simurro, P. B., Akiba, H. T., Nakamura, F. Y., Okano, A. H., Dias, Á. M., & SILVA, B. M. (2020) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002346 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“(21) and validated to Portuguese by Rohlfs et al.”
BackgroundHydration status affects mood state and pain sensation during ultra-endurance cycling
Moyen, N. E., Ganio, M. S., Wiersma, L. D., Kavouras, S. A., Gray, M., McDermott, B., Adams, J. D., Binns, A., Judelson, D. A., McKenzie, A. L., et al. (2015) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1021275 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“The BRUMS comprises 24 questions based on a 5-point Likert scale that ranges from 0 “not at all” to 4 “extremely”; these 24 questions result in five negative mood state subscales of Anger, Confusion, Fatigue, Depression, and Tension, plus one positive mood state subscale of Vigour (Terry et al., 2003).”
BackgroundSleep Dysfunction and Mood in Collegiate Soccer Athletes
Benjamin, C. L., Curtis, R. M., Huggins, R. A., Sekiguchi, Y., Jain, R. K., McFadden, B. A., & Casa, D. J. (2020) · Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach · doi:10.1177/1941738120916735 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“The validated Profile of Mood States (POMS) is a 65-item questionnaire that assesses 6 mood states, including tension (score range, 0-36), anger (score range, 0-48), vigor (score range, 0-32), depression (score range, 0-60), fatigue (score range, 0-28), and confusion (score range, 0-28).(32,33) A composite score calle…”
BackgroundMood Changes following Exercise
Lane, A. M., Crone-Grant, D., & Lane, H. J. (2002) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.2002.94.3.732 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationBarahona-Fuentes, G. D. F., Ojeda, Á. H., & Ríos, L. J. C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18189477 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“For this purpose, population, intervention, comparators, and outcomes (PICO) were established as follows: (i) participants were adolescents explicitly or implicitly diagnosed with any form of anxiety, depression, and stress (for example, Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) [43], Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) [44…”
MethodOtani, H., Kaya, M., Tamaki, A., & Watson, P. (2016) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3504-x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Solianik, R., & Sujeta, A. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.10.028 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Current mood was assessed using the Brunel Mood Scale [43].”
Caffeine Improves Triathlon Performance: A Field Study in Males and Females
Potgieter, S., Wright, H. H., & Smith, C. (2018) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0165 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Predictors of feelings of energy differ from predictors of fatigue
Boolani, A., O’Connor, P. J., Reid, J., Ma, S., & Mondal, S. (2018) · Fatigue Biomedicine Health & Behavior · doi:10.1080/21641846.2018.1558733 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“(Vigor), fatigue, tension, depression, anger and confusion [64].”
Frontal EEG Asymmetry of Emotion for the Same Auditory Stimulus
Lee, M., Shin, G.-H., & Lee, S. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3000788 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Participants indicate the degree to which they relate to eight emotions: ‘‘anger,’’ ‘‘tension,’’ ‘‘depression,’’ ‘‘vigour,’’ ‘‘fatigue,’’ ‘‘confusion,’’ ‘‘happy,’’ and ‘‘calmness’’ [55].”
Beedie, C., Lane, A. M., & Wilson, M. G. (2012) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-012-9200-7 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“Emotions were assessed using a 9-item measure with items drawn from previously validated measures (Matthews et al. 1990; Terry et al. 2003).”
MethodSelf-citation
- Authors
- Terry, P. C., Lane, A. M., & Fogarty, G. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern Queensland (AU)
- University of Wolverhampton (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Terry, P.C
- Venue
- Psychology of Sport and Exercise
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-04
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 125-139
- ISSN
- 1469-0292 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1969590801
- Cited by
- 622
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 18.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology of sport and exercise (publishedVersion)
- University of Southern Queensland ePrints (University of Southern Queensland) (acceptedVersion)
- Wolverhampton Intellectual Repository and E-Theses (University of Wolverhampton) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- construct validity, measurement invariance, cross-cultural validation, mood states, youth athletes, adult athletes, student athletes, criterion validity, psychometric properties
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
