Cited by 252Liver physiology and pathologyDrug Transport and Resistance MechanismsBarrier Structure and Function Studies

Hepatocyte polarity

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Treyer, Aleksandr, Müsch, Anne·2013·Comprehensive Physiology

Abstract

Hepatocytes, like other epithelia, are situated at the interface between the organism's exterior and the underlying internal milieu and organize the vectorial exchange of macromolecules between these two spaces. To mediate this function, epithelial cells, including hepatocytes, are polarized with distinct luminal domains that are separated by tight junctions from lateral domains engaged in cell‐cell adhesion and from basal domains that interact with the underlying extracellular matrix. Despite these universal principles, hepatocytes distinguish themselves from other nonstriated epithelia by their multipolar organization. Each hepatocyte participates in multiple, narrow lumina, the bile canaliculi, and has multiple basal surfaces that face the endothelial lining. Hepatocytes also differ in the mechanism of luminal protein trafficking from other epithelia studied. They lack polarized protein secretion to the luminal domain and target single‐spanning and glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored bile canalicular membrane proteins via transcytosis from the basolateral domain. We compare this unique hepatic polarity phenotype with that of the more common columnar epithelial organization and review our current knowledge of the signaling mechanisms and the organization of polarized protein trafficking that govern the establishment and maintenance of hepatic polarity. The serine/threonine kinase LKB1, which is activated by the bile acid taurocholate and, in turn, activates adenosine monophosphate kinase‐related kinases including AMPK1/2 and Par1 paralogues has emerged as a key determinant of hepatic polarity. We propose that the absence of a hepatocyte basal lamina and differences in cell‐cell adhesion signaling that determine the positioning of tight junctions are two crucial determinants for the distinct hepatic and columnar polarity phenotypes. © 2013 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 3:243‐287, 2013.

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  1. [109]Duffield A Caplan MJ Muth TR Protein trafficking in polarized cells Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 270 145 179 2008 19081536
  2. [179]Hellman NE Gitlin JD Ceruloplasmin metabolism and function Annu Rev Nutr 22 439 458 2002 12055353
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Authors
Treyer, A., & Müsch, A.
Affiliations
Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
Venue
Comprehensive Physiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2013-01
Volume
3
Issue
1
Pages
243-287
ISSN
2040-4603 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4211245332
Cited by
252
References
511
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 1
Type
other
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Comprehensive physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Public Health Service (R01KD064842-07)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK064842)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
Keywords
hepatocyte polarity, epithelial polarity, bile canaliculi, tight junctions, transcytosis, LKB1, AMPK, PAR1, bile acid signaling, columnar epithelium, cell-cell adhesion, extracellular matrix
MeSH terms
Animals, Cell Adhesion, Humans, Intercellular Junctions, Liver, Phenotype, Cell Polarity, Hepatocytes

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