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Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease
Abstract
The causes of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, are still largely unknown. Current thinking is that major gene mutations cause only a small proportion of all cases and that in most cases, non-genetic factors play a part, probably in interaction with susceptibility genes. Numerous epidemiological studies have been done to identify such non-genetic risk factors, but most were small and methodologically limited. Larger, well-designed prospective cohort studies have only recently reached a stage at which they have enough incident patients and person-years of follow-up to investigate possible risk factors and their interactions. In this article, we review what is known about the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of PD from epidemiological studies.
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“The prevalence of PD in industrialised countries is generally estimated at 0.3% of the entire population and about 1% in people over 60 years of age (De Lau and Breteler 2006).”
From The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. (2016) · cites this paper as De Lau and Breteler 2006
In the citing paper
“The prevalence of PD in industrialised countries is generally estimated at 0.3% of the entire population and about 1% in people over 60 years of age (De Lau and Breteler 2006).”
From The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. (2016) · cites this paper as De Lau and Breteler 2006
In the citing paper
“Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative disorders (de Lau and Breteler, 2006).”
From The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma. (2017) · cites this paper as de Lau and Breteler, 2006
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“Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and affects approximately 1 million people in the US [1], with total annual health care costs approaching 11 billion dollars [2].”
BackgroundChen, Y., Gu, X., Ou, R., Zhang, L., Hou, Y., Liu, K., Cao, B., Wei, Q., Li, C., Song, W., et al. (2020) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.28191 · Cited by 50
Utsumi, K., Fukatsu, R., Yamada, R., Takamaru, Y., Hara, Y., & Yasumura, S. (2020) · Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1111/psyg.12586 · Cited by 50
Sparse Adaptive Graph Convolutional Network for Leg Agility Assessment in Parkinson’s Disease
Guo, R., Shao, X., Zhang, C., & Qian, X. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2020.3039297 · Cited by 51
Subrahmanian, N., & LaVoie, M. J. (2021) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147434 · Cited by 48
Lin, Z., Chen, C., Yang, D., Ding, J., Wang, G., & Ren, H. (2021) · Cell Death & Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-021-04002-1 · Cited by 49
Autonomic dysfunction: Diagnosis and management
Rafanelli, M., Walsh, K., Hamdan, M. H., & Buyan‐Dent, L. (2019) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804766-8.00008-x · Cited by 49
Rajan, R., Divya, K. P., Kandadai, R. M., Yadav, R., Satagopam, V., Madhusoodanan, U. K., Agarwal, P. A., Kumar, N., Ferreira, T., Kumar, H., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00524 · Cited by 51
Narmashiri, A., Abbaszadeh, M., & Ghazizadeh, A. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104792 · Cited by 49
Beta amyloid deposition and cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease: a study of the PPMI cohort
Mihaescu, A. S., Valli, M., Uribe, C., Díez‐Cirarda, M., Masellis, M., Graff‐Guerrero, A., & Strafella, A. P. (2022) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-022-00964-1 · Cited by 53
Prediction of Parkinson’s Disease Using Machine Learning Methods
Zhang, J., Zhou, W., Yu, H., Wang, T., Wang, X., Liu, L., & Wen, Y. (2023) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom13121761 · Cited by 52
Lin, H. R., Li, D., Zhu, J., Liu, S., Li, J., Yu, T., Tuchin, V. V., SEMYACHKINA-GLUSHKOVSKAYA, O. V., & Zhu, D. Y. (2024) · Neurophotonics · doi:10.1117/1.nph.11.1.010601 · Cited by 60
Taste function in early stage treated and untreated Parkinson’s disease
Doty, R. L., Nsoesie, M. T., Chung, I., Osman, A., Pawasarat, I. M., Caulfield, J., Hurtig, H. I., Silas, J., Dubroff, J. G., Duda, J. E., et al. (2014) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-014-7589-z · Cited by 49
Diffusion tensor imaging and correlations to Parkinson rating scales
Lenfeldt, N., Hansson, W., Larsson, A., Nyberg, L. H., Birgander, R., & Forsgren, L. (2013) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-013-7080-2 · Cited by 49
Miyake, Y., Tanaka, K., Fukushima, W., Sasaki, S., Kiyohara, C., Tsuboi, Y., Yamada, T., Oeda, T., Miki, T., Kawamura, N., et al. (2010) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.11.018 · Cited by 49
“Various food groups and specific nutrients have been investigated as potential risk factors for PD [2].”
BackgroundRoemmich, R. T., Hack, N. K., Akbar, U., & Hass, C. J. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.03.041 · Cited by 50
Trials of neuroprotective therapies for Parkinson’s disease: Problems and limitations
de la Fuente‐Fernández, R., Schulzer, M., Mak, E., & Sossi, V. (2010) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.04.008 · Cited by 49
“Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder that affects some 1e2% of the general population over the age of 60 years, and can reach a prevalence of 4% in people older than 90 years of age [1].”
Cardiovascular physiology in premotor Parkinson's disease: A neuroepidemiologic study
Jain, S., Ton, T. G. N., Perera, S., Zheng, Y., Stein, P. K., Thacker, E. L., Strotmeyer, E. S., Newman, A. B., & Longstreth, W. T. (2012) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.24979 · Cited by 48
Hargus, G., Ehrlich, M., Hallmann, A.-L., & Kuhlmann, T. (2013) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1222-6 · Cited by 54
“PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and affects approximately 1 % of people over 60 years of age and approximately 4 % of people over 80 years of age [50].”
BackgroundScalp acupuncture for Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Lee, H.-S., Park, H.-L., Lee, S., Shin, B., Choi, J., & Lee, M. S. (2013) · Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11655-013-1431-9 · Cited by 49
Smartphone application for classification of motor impairment severity in Parkinson's disease
Printy, B. P., Renken, L. M., Herrmann, J. P., Lee, I., Johnson, B., Knight, E. J., Varga, G., & Whitmer, D. (2014) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6944176 · Cited by 49
Pinho, R., Guedes, L. C., Soreq, L., Lobo, P. P., Mestre, T., Coelho, M. M., Rosa, M. M., Gonçalves, N., Wales, P., Mendes, T., et al. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157852 · Cited by 49
“Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a multi-system, disabling, insidiously progressive neurodegenerative condition affecting 1–2% of the population over the age of 60 [1].”
BackgroundModel systems of protein-misfolding diseases reveal chaperone modifiers of proteotoxicity
Brehme, M., & Voisine, C. (2016) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.024703 · Cited by 54
“Aging correlates with cognitive decline and represents the most significant risk factor for dementia and neurodegenerative diseases (Brookmeyer et al., 1998; Hof and Morrison, 2004; de Lau and Breteler, 2006).”
Parkinson's disease-associated pathogenic VPS35 mutation causes complex I deficits
Zhou, L., Wang, W., Hoppel, C. L., Liu, J., & Zhu, X. (2017) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.032 · Cited by 49
Chi, K., Fu, R., Huang, Y.-C., Chen, S., Hsu, C.-J., Lin, S., Tu, C.-T., Chang, L.-H., Wu, P.-A., & Liu, S. (2018) · Cell Transplantation · doi:10.1177/0963689718757408 · Cited by 49
Park, J., Kim, D., Park, Y. G., Kwon, D., Choi, M., Jung, J., & Han, K. (2019) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2019.04.033 · Cited by 49
Wang, C., Shi, H.-H., Xu, J., Yanagita, T., Xue, C., Zhang, T., & Wang, Y. (2020) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d0fo01176b · Cited by 49
Gut Microbiota Approach—A New Strategy to Treat Parkinson’s Disease
Liu, J., Xu, F., Nie, Z., & Shao, L. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.570658 · Cited by 52
Metadata
- Authors
- de Lau, L. M., & Breteler, M. M.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Breteler, Monique MB
- ORCID
- Breteler, Monique MB
- Venue
- The Lancet Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-06
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 525-535
- ISSN
- 1474-4422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2134886133
- Cited by
- 4,110
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 108 · 2025: 172 · 2024: 229 · 2023: 230 · 2022: 307 · 2021: 315 · 2020: 337 · 2019: 290 · 2018: 301 · 2017: 284 · 2016: 259 · 2015: 288 · 2014: 232 · 2013: 200 · 2012: 159
- FWCI
- 7.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, prevalence, incidence, risk factors, prognosis, genetic susceptibility, gene-environment interaction, neurodegeneration, prospective cohort
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Prognosis, Risk Factors
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