The DOI matches its Crossref record; 116 of the 119 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease
Abstract
The causes of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, are still largely unknown. Current thinking is that major gene mutations cause only a small proportion of all cases and that in most cases, non-genetic factors play a part, probably in interaction with susceptibility genes. Numerous epidemiological studies have been done to identify such non-genetic risk factors, but most were small and methodologically limited. Larger, well-designed prospective cohort studies have only recently reached a stage at which they have enough incident patients and person-years of follow-up to investigate possible risk factors and their interactions. In this article, we review what is known about the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of PD from epidemiological studies.
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In the citing paper
“The prevalence of PD in industrialised countries is generally estimated at 0.3% of the entire population and about 1% in people over 60 years of age (De Lau and Breteler 2006).”
From The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. (2016) · cites this paper as De Lau and Breteler 2006
In the citing paper
“The prevalence of PD in industrialised countries is generally estimated at 0.3% of the entire population and about 1% in people over 60 years of age (De Lau and Breteler 2006).”
From The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. (2016) · cites this paper as De Lau and Breteler 2006
In the citing paper
“Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative disorders (de Lau and Breteler, 2006).”
From The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma. (2017) · cites this paper as de Lau and Breteler, 2006
Citations
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Cited by
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Long-term Group Exercise for People With Parkinson's Disease: A Feasibility Study
States, R. A., Spierer, D. K., & Salem, Y. (2011) · Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy · doi:10.1097/npt.0b013e31822a0026 · Cited by 39
Palasz, E., Niewiadomski, W., Gasiorowska, A., Mietelska-Porowska, A., & Niewiadomska, G. (2019) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2019/8215017 · Cited by 39
“Such treatment causes neurological deficits showing many features resembling PD [44].”
BackgroundCognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety in Parkinson's Disease: A Clinical Review
Armento, M. E. A., Stanley, M. A., Marsh, L., Kunik, M. E., York, M. K., Bush, A. L., & Calleo, J. S. (2012) · Journal of Parkinson's Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-2012-12080 · Cited by 49
Alrafiah, A., Al-Ofi, E., Obaid, M. T., Alsomali, N., & Muthuraju, S. (2019) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2019/2690205 · Cited by 27
Inflammatory Pathways in Parkinson’s Disease; A BNE Microarray Study
Durrenberger, P. F., Grünblatt, E., Fernando, F. S., Monoranu, C. M., Evans, J., Riederer, P., Reynolds, R., & Dexter, D. T. (2012) · Parkinson's Disease · doi:10.1155/2012/214714 · Cited by 63
How to Tackle Tremor – Systematic Review of the Literature and Diagnostic Work-Up
Buijink, A. W. G., Contarino, M. F., Koelman, J. H. T. M., Speelman, J. D., & van Rootselaar, A. F. (2012) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2012.00146 · Cited by 24
Measuring activities of daily living in Parkinson’s disease: On a road to nowhere and back again?
Hagell, P. (2019) · Measurement · doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2018.09.050 · Cited by 23
“3% of the population at large and 1% of people above 60 years of age [2].”
BackgroundOccupational complexity and risk of Parkinson's disease
Valdés, E. G., Andel, R., Sieurin, J., Feldman, A. L., Edwards, J. D., Långström, N., Gatz, M., & Wirdefeldt, K. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106676 · Cited by 22
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Hall, T. O., Wan, J. Y., Mata, I. F., Kerr, K. F., Snapinn, K. W., Samii, A., Roberts, J. W., Agarwal, P., Zabetian, C. P., & Edwards, K. L. (2013) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1038/gim.2012.109 · Cited by 16
Mindfulness-based lifestyle programs for the self-management of Parkinson’s disease in Australia
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Regensburger, M., Rasul Chaudhry, S., Yasin, H., Zhao, Y., Stadlbauer, A., Buchfelder, M., & Kinfe, T. (2023) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2022.09.010 · Cited by 17
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What is the lived experience of anxiety for people with Parkinson’s? A phenomenological study
Lovegrove, C. J., & Bannigan, K. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0249390 · Cited by 15
Genetic risk of Parkinson’s disease in the general population
Darweesh, S. K. L., Verlinden, V. J. A., Adams, H. H. H., Uitterlinden, A. G., Hofman, A., Stricker, B. H., van Duijn, C. M., Koudstaal, P. J., & Ikram, M. A. (2016) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.05.030 · Cited by 13
Sleep in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Malkani, R., & Attarian, H. (2015) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-015-0016-x · Cited by 12
Sekar, S., Zhang, Y., Miranzadeh Mahabadi, H., Buettner, B., & Taghibiglou, C. (2023) · doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0214.v1 · Cited by 11
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Metadata
- Authors
- de Lau, L. M., & Breteler, M. M.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Breteler, Monique MB
- ORCID
- Breteler, Monique MB
- Venue
- The Lancet Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-06
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 525-535
- ISSN
- 1474-4422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2134886133
- Cited by
- 4,110
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 108 · 2025: 172 · 2024: 229 · 2023: 230 · 2022: 307 · 2021: 315 · 2020: 337 · 2019: 290 · 2018: 301 · 2017: 284 · 2016: 259 · 2015: 288 · 2014: 232 · 2013: 200 · 2012: 159
- FWCI
- 7.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, prevalence, incidence, risk factors, prognosis, genetic susceptibility, gene-environment interaction, neurodegeneration, prospective cohort
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Prognosis, Risk Factors
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