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Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease
Abstract
The causes of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, are still largely unknown. Current thinking is that major gene mutations cause only a small proportion of all cases and that in most cases, non-genetic factors play a part, probably in interaction with susceptibility genes. Numerous epidemiological studies have been done to identify such non-genetic risk factors, but most were small and methodologically limited. Larger, well-designed prospective cohort studies have only recently reached a stage at which they have enough incident patients and person-years of follow-up to investigate possible risk factors and their interactions. In this article, we review what is known about the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of PD from epidemiological studies.
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“The prevalence of PD in industrialised countries is generally estimated at 0.3% of the entire population and about 1% in people over 60 years of age (De Lau and Breteler 2006).”
From The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. (2016) · cites this paper as De Lau and Breteler 2006
In the citing paper
“The prevalence of PD in industrialised countries is generally estimated at 0.3% of the entire population and about 1% in people over 60 years of age (De Lau and Breteler 2006).”
From The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. (2016) · cites this paper as De Lau and Breteler 2006
In the citing paper
“Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative disorders (de Lau and Breteler, 2006).”
From The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma. (2017) · cites this paper as de Lau and Breteler, 2006
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“1.1 Cognition in Parkinson’s disease PD is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, with an incidence of 8–18 per 100,000 person-years (de Lau and Breteler, 2006).”
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“Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, degenerative and incurable neurological disorderwhich causes aprogressive loss of independence resulting in significant disability and considerable financial burden to medical care systems [1–4].”
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“Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects 1 in 100 individuals over the age of 60 (de Lau & Breteler, 2006).”
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No Lewy pathology in monkeys with over 10 years of severe MPTP Parkinsonism
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“Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder that affects 1-2% of the population over the age of 60 [1-3].”
BackgroundIbáñez, L., Dube, U., Saef, B. A., Budde, J., Black, K., Medvedeva, A., Del‐Aguila, J. L., Davis, A. A., Perlmutter, J. S., Harari, O., et al. (2017) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-017-0978-z · Cited by 85
Anti-Parkinson Potential of Silymarin: Mechanistic Insight and Therapeutic Standing
Ullah, H., & Khan, H. Z. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00422 · Cited by 85
“Approximately 1–2% of the population suffers from PD over the age of 65 years and this figure increases to 3–5% in people of 85 years and older (De Lau and Breteler, 2006; Alves et al., 2008).”
BackgroundEversfield, C. L., & Orton, L. D. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718003161 · Cited by 85
“Estimates suggest PD prevalence is 1% in people over 60 (De Lau and Breteler, 2006), while DLB has a prevalence of 0.4% in people over 65 (Vann Jones and O ’ Brien, 2014).”
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The role of regulatory T cells in nervous system pathologies
Duffy, S. S., Keating, B. A., Perera, C. J., & Moalem‐Taylor, G. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24073 · Cited by 88
Tea Polyphenols in Parkinson’s Disease
Caruana, M., & Vassallo, N. (2015) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-18365-7_6 · Cited by 88
Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder as a biomarker for neurodegeneration: The past 10years
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“Based on known incidence rates [11], identifying 20 patients with incident PD would require 10,000 patients age >60 followed for 5 years.”
BackgroundKamagata, K., Tomiyama, H., Motoi, Y., Kano, M., Abe, O., Ito, K., Shimoji, K., Suzuki, M., Hori, M., Nakanishi, A., et al. (2013) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2013.06.009 · Cited by 85
“Parkinson disease (PD)—the most common human neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer disease [1]—is classically characterized by resting tremor, slowness of initial movement, rigidity, and general postural instability.”
BackgroundLi, S., Lv, X., Zhai, K., Xu, R., Zhang, Y., Zhao, S., Qin, X., Yin, L., & Lou, J. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 84
Biological functions of selenium and its potential influence on Parkinson's disease
Ellwanger, J. H., Franke, S. I. R., Bordin, D. L., Prá, D., & Henriques, J. A. P. (2016) · Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências · doi:10.1590/0001-3765201620150595 · Cited by 88
Genetics of Parkinson’s disease and related disorders
Zhang, P.-L., Chen, Y., Zhang, C.-H., Wang, Y., & Fernández-Fúnez, P. (2017) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-105047 · Cited by 93
Preclinical progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
Katsuno, M., Sahashi, K., Iguchi, Y., & Hashizume, A. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.18999/nagjms.80.3.289 · Cited by 88
Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Cognitive and Motor Functions in Parkinson's Disease
Elfil, M., Bahbah, E. I., Attia, M. M., Eldokmak, M., & Koo, B. B. (2020) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.28412 · Cited by 88
The Signaling and Pharmacology of the Dopamine D1 Receptor
Jones-Tabah, J., Mohammad, H., Paulus, E., Clarke, P. B. S., & Hébert, T. E. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.806618 · Cited by 97
Comparing the Incidence of Falls/Fractures in Parkinson’s Disease Patients in the US Population
Kalilani, L., Asgharnejad, M., Palokangas, T., & Durgin, T. L. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161689 · Cited by 84
Moon, J. Y., Kim, H. J., Park, Y. H., Park, T. K., Park, E., Kim, C. Y., & Lee, S. H. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-29557-6 · Cited by 84
Research in Parkinson′s disease in India: A review
Pal, P., Surathi, P., Jhunjhunwala, K. R., & Yadav, R. (2015) · Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · doi:10.4103/0972-2327.167713 · Cited by 83
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Progress in neuroprotection in Parkinson’s disease
Schapira, A. H. V. (2008) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02055.x · Cited by 82
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“Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder [7].”
BackgroundA cohort study on diet and the risk of Parkinson's disease: the role of food groups and diet quality
Sääksjärvi, K., Knekt, P., Lundqvist, A., Männistö, S., Heliövaara, M., Rissanen, H. A., & Järvinen, R. (2012) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114512000955 · Cited by 87
Manganese-induced neurodegenerative diseases and possible therapeutic approaches
Martins, A. C., Gubert, P., Boas, G. R. V., Paes, M. M., Santamaría, A., Lee, E.-S., Tinkov, A. A., Bowman, A. B., & Aschner, M. (2020) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2020.1807330 · Cited by 83
Molecular Chaperones in Parkinson's Disease – Present and Future
Ebrahimi‐Fakhari, D., Wahlster, L., & McLean, P. J. (2011) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-2011-11044 · Cited by 83
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Pathogenesis and Neuroprotection
Mounsey, R. B., & Teismann, P. (2010) · Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.4061/2011/617472 · Cited by 86
Metadata
- Authors
- de Lau, L. M., & Breteler, M. M.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Breteler, Monique MB
- ORCID
- Breteler, Monique MB
- Venue
- The Lancet Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-06
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 525-535
- ISSN
- 1474-4422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2134886133
- Cited by
- 4,110
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 108 · 2025: 172 · 2024: 229 · 2023: 230 · 2022: 307 · 2021: 315 · 2020: 337 · 2019: 290 · 2018: 301 · 2017: 284 · 2016: 259 · 2015: 288 · 2014: 232 · 2013: 200 · 2012: 159
- FWCI
- 7.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, prevalence, incidence, risk factors, prognosis, genetic susceptibility, gene-environment interaction, neurodegeneration, prospective cohort
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Prognosis, Risk Factors
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