The DOI matches its Crossref record; 148 of the 150 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 20 of the 80 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults
Open accessAbstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults is dramatically increasing. Similar to older-onset type 2 diabetes, the major predisposing risk factors are obesity, family history, and sedentary lifestyle. Onset of diabetes at a younger age (defined here as up to age 40 years) is associated with longer disease exposure and increased risk for chronic complications. Young-onset type 2 diabetes also affects more individuals of working age, accentuating the adverse societal effects of the disease. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that young-onset type 2 diabetes has a more aggressive disease phenotype, leading to premature development of complications, with adverse effects on quality of life and unfavourable effects on long-term outcomes, raising the possibility of a future public health catastrophe. In this Review, we describe the epidemiology and existing knowledge regarding pathophysiology, risk factors, complications, and management of type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
27 No full text of the sources · 15 Partly supported · 15 Own interpretation · 13 Sources not found · 4 Couldn’t confirm · 4 No basis given · 2 Not checked yet · 1 Supported · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, apparent ethnic differences based on regional variations in prevalence (table 1), have the limitation that the diagnostic criteria and methods of data collection are not always consistent [15][16][17] .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > EPIDEMIOLOGY
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [15] Kim, 2010, The clinical characteristics of the newly diagnosed early onset (<40 years old) diabetes in outpatients' clinic, Korean Diabetes J sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion reports regional differences in early-onset diabetes prevalence and says differing patient recruitment and data-collection methods could explain discrepancies between studies. It also shows that studies used different age cutoffs, but does not establish that diabetes diagnostic criteria were inconsistent or specifically assess ethnic differences. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [16] Chuang, 2006, Comparisons of the outcomes on control, type of management and complications status in early onset and late onset type 2 diabetes in Asia, Diabetes Res Clin Pract source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] Jimenez-Corona, 2010, Early-onset type 2 diabetes in a Mexican survey: results from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006, Salud Publica Mex source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Such a decrease in second phase insulin secretion would take more than a decade to emerge in most T2DM patients presenting in middle or later life [21][22] .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Decline in beta cell function
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Bagust, 2003, Deteriorating beta–cell function in type 2 diabetes: a long–term model, QJM source
- Partly supportedcites [22] Kahn, 2003, The relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, Diabetologia sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The intravenous-testing section (p. 8) reports reduced second-phase insulin responses in people at high risk of type 2 diabetes, supporting the claim that this response can decline. It does not say that a comparable decline takes more than a decade in most patients whose diabetes presents in middle or later life; the longitudinal study discussed on p. 7 followed a different, high-risk population for an average of five years. (LLM, conf=0.82)
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Changes in the intrauterine environment influence development of obesity and type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults more strongly than in later life.”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > KEY DRIVERS FOR T2DMY Early life determinants
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [31] Reinehr, 2016, Inflammatory markers in obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes and their relationship to hepatokines and adipokines, J Pediatr source
- Partly supportedcites [32] Vrachnis, 2012, Impact of maternal diabetes on epigenetic modifications leading to diseases in the offspring, Exp Diabetes Res sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 3 (page unavailable) says exposure to a diabetic intrauterine environment contributes to obesity and diabetes in offspring. Section 2.2 reports higher diabetes incidence among exposed offspring in all age groups, but neither passage says the effect is stronger in adolescents and young adults than later in life. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Maternal undernutrition and overnutrition are associated with a greater increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in adolescence and early adulthood than in later life ,31,32 .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > KEY DRIVERS FOR T2DMY Early life determinants
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [31] Reinehr, 2016, Inflammatory markers in obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes and their relationship to hepatokines and adipokines, J Pediatr source
- Partly supportedcites [32] Vrachnis, 2012, Impact of maternal diabetes on epigenetic modifications leading to diseases in the offspring, Exp Diabetes Res sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 3 (page unavailable) links exposure to a diabetic intrauterine environment with greater offspring risk of obesity and diabetes. It does not address maternal undernutrition or show that the risk is greater in adolescence and early adulthood than later in life. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“However, IR is directly related to an increased percentage of fat in muscle and liver in all age groups 6 ,”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Obesity induced mechanisms
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [6] Mayer-Davis, 2017, Incidence trends of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among youths, 2002–2012, N Engl J Med sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page unavailable) says that changes in obesity prevalence among youths may contribute to changes in insulin resistance. It does not address fat percentages in muscle or liver, a direct relationship with insulin resistance, or all age groups; searches for muscle and liver fat found no such passage. (LLM, conf=0.76)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Increased circulating concentrations of these pro-inflammatory markers are reported in adolescents with T2DM 30 .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Obesity induced mechanisms
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [30] Lumeng, 2011, Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease, J Clin Invest sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Antiinflammatory therapies for metabolic disease section (page unavailable) reports that treatment in type 2 diabetes decreases systemic inflammatory markers, supporting a general link between these markers and the disease. The Pancreatic islets section discusses adolescents only in relation to adipose tissue, not circulating marker concentrations in adolescents with type 2 diabetes. That population-specific finding is not supported by our copy. (LLM, conf=0.77)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Thus, in a large prospective study, rapid weight gain during the first 4 months of life was associated with an increased risk of overweight at age 7 years 34 ,”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > KEY DRIVERS FOR T2DMY Early life determinants
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [34] Jiang, 2013, Early life factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus, J Diabetes Res sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The 'Catch-Up Growth' section links early growth to increased fat gain, and the 'Lactation—Overnutrition' section links neonatal overfeeding to later overweight in animal models. Neither section reports a large prospective study associating weight gain in the first four months of human life with overweight at age seven; the age-seven finding concerns insulin sensitivity, not overweight. (LLM, conf=0.82)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The widespread use of corn derived fructose syrup as a sweetening agent in 'fizzy' drinks has a substantial impact on development of adiposity, IR, hyperglycaemia and other cardio-metabolic risk factors in the young 42,43 .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Diet and obesity
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [42] Gow, 2016, The effectiveness of different diet strategies to reduce type 2 diabetes risk in youth, Nutrients sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 5, “Glycemic Index of the Diet” (page unavailable), reports that lower-GI diets can improve body weight and insulin resistance in children, supporting a general link between diet and some of the named risk factors. It does not establish that corn-derived fructose syrup in fizzy drinks is widely used or has a substantial effect on those outcomes in young people. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [43] Bray, 2004, Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity, Am J Clin Nutr source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“including predictions that current funding systems will not be able to accommodate the growing demands for expensive longterm care incurred by the disease complications 3,147,150,151 .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Societal impact of T2DMY
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [3] 2016, Standards of medical care in diabetes—2016 abridged for primary care providers, Clin Diabetes sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Older Adults section discusses diabetes complications and care in nursing homes and skilled nursing facilities, but it does not address the cost of that care. Searches for funding capacity and the economic burden of long-term care found no prediction that current funding systems will be unable to meet growing demand. (LLM, conf=0.74)
- Not matchedcites [147]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [150]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Early onset obesity and T2DM have also been identified as particular threats to the capacity of healthcare services across Europe and North America”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Societal impact of T2DMY
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [3] 2016, Standards of medical care in diabetes—2016 abridged for primary care providers, Clin Diabetes sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “Strategies for Improving Care > Diabetes Care Concepts” (page not provided), the paper says type 2 diabetes is increasing in children and young adults and calls for better coordination between clinical teams. It does not identify early-onset obesity and type 2 diabetes as particular threats to healthcare service capacity in Europe or North America. (LLM, conf=0.83)
- Not matchedcites [147]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [150]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
- It may state two separate claims as one. 28
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A 20-35 % decline in beta cell function annually in 10-19 year olds has been reported compared to the ~7% loss in older individuals with T2DM 23 .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Decline in beta cell function
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [23] 2013, Effects of metformin, metformin plus rosiglitazone, and metformin plus lifestyle on insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in TODAY, Diabetes Care sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Conclusions report a 20–35% annual decline in β-cell function in the TODAY treatment groups and cite an approximately 7% annual decline in an adult study. The Study design section says TODAY participants were 10–17 years old at randomization, so the cited paper does not establish the claim’s stated 10–19-year-old age range. (LLM, conf=0.83)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Prevalence estimates suggest a 30•5% increase in T2DM amongst US youth aged 10 to 19 years between 2001 and 2009, accounting for prevalence of 0•48 per 1000 in this age group 5 .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > EPIDEMIOLOGY
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [5] Dabelea, 2014, Prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents from 2001 to 2009, JAMA source
The Results report that, after adjustment for completeness of case ascertainment, type 2 diabetes prevalence rose by 30.5% from 2001 to 2009 and reached 0.48 per 1000 in 2009. The study defines its type 2 diabetes population as youth aged 10–19 years; its estimates come from five US study areas. (LLM, conf=0.95)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Recent data from the SEARCH study showed an annual increase of 7.1% in the incidence of T2DM (9 cases per 100,000 in 2002 -2003 to 12.5 cases per 100,000 in 2011-2012) amongst 10-19 year olds in the USA with significant relative increases in all ethnic groups compared to non Hispanic Whites 6 .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > EPIDEMIOLOGY
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [6] Mayer-Davis, 2017, Incidence trends of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among youths, 2002–2012, N Engl J Med sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaincorrelationaln = 9- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“and younger people with T2DM can have much higher (up to 3 times) amounts of liver fat compared with BMI-matched non-diabetic controls and compared with presentations of T2DM in middle and later life 24,”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Obesity induced mechanisms
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [24] Bacha, 2013, Progressive deterioration of β-cell function in obese youth with type 2 diabetes, Pediatr Diabetes sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results section (‘Study subjects and fasting metabolic profile’; page unavailable) reports abdominal fat and hepatic insulin sensitivity, but not liver-fat amounts. Searches for liver fat, intrahepatic fat, and a threefold difference found no comparison with BMI-matched non-diabetic controls or older people with type 2 diabetes in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Physical activity declines further in adolescents compared with younger children and only a small proportion meet recommended levels, eg recent surveys in Europe and North America indicate that about 80% of 13-15 year-olds undertake moderate or vigorous exercise for less than 60 minutes per day, with girls being less active than boys [46][47][48][49] .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Physical activity
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [46] Dollman, 2005, Evidence for secular trends in children's physical activity behaviour, Br J Sports Med sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [47] Kautiainen, 2005, Use of information and communication technology and prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents, Int J Obes source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [48] Hallal, 2012, Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects, Lancet source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Increasing consumption of calorie dense foods, and sugar-rich drinks and decreased physical activity are the main contributors amongst youth 39 .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Diet and obesity
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [39] Steyn, 2004, Diet, nutrition and the prevention of type 2 diabetes, Public Health Nutr sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Physical inactivity section identifies inactivity as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and Recommendations and policy implications advises a diet low in free sugars alongside regular activity. The paper notes younger onset of diabetes, but these passages do not establish that calorie-dense foods and sugar-rich drinks, together with inactivity, are the main contributors specifically among youth. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Indeed, the SEARCH study showed few differences in macronutrient or fibre intake between youths with T1DM versus T2DM, but those with T2DM consumed twice the amount of sweetened beverages 44 .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Diet and obesity
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [44] Hu, 2010, Sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes: epidemiologic evidence, Physiol Behav sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Prospective cohort studies sections discuss sweetened-beverage intake and diabetes risk, but do not report the SEARCH study’s comparison of youths with type 1 versus type 2 diabetes. Searches for SEARCH, macronutrient and fibre intake, and the claimed twofold beverage difference found no passage addressing that comparison. (LLM, conf=0.75)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The global pandemic of overweight and obesity now affects 36.9% of men,38% of women, 23.8% of boys and 22.6% of girls 37 .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Diet and obesity
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [37] Yessoufou, 2011, Maternal diabetes in pregnancy: early and long-term outcomes on the offspring and the concept of “metabolic memory”, Exp Diabetes Res sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 8 says obesity prevalence is increasing worldwide and that the pandemic affects children and adults. It does not give the claimed percentages for men, women, boys, or girls; searches for those figures and for global prevalence by sex and age found no such estimates in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Although the causes of obesity in children and adolescents are complex, obesity is clearly a driver for the upsurge in T2DMY and changes in lifestyle account for much of the increased prevalence of obesity and T2DM in pre-and early-adult life 38 .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Diet and obesity
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [38] Ng, 2014, Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013, Lancet sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page not provided) says rising overweight and obesity can drive up diabetes, and the Results report increasing obesity at younger ages. It does not establish a rise in young-onset type 2 diabetes specifically. The Discussion lists diet and physical activity among possible contributors to obesity but explicitly says the analysis does not measure their relative contributions, so it does not support the claim that lifestyle changes explain much of the increase. (LLM, conf=0.88)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Compared with non-obese adolescents, obese adolescents are reported to have chronically increased circulating free fatty acids (FFA) which decrease insulin sensitivity and may contribute to increased reactive oxygen species and impair insulin secretion 29 .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Obesity induced mechanisms
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [29] Cree-Green, 2013, Etiology of insulin resistance in youth with type 2 diabetes, Curr Diab Rep sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The “Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance in Children with T2DM” section reports increased FFA concentrations in obese children and describes how FFA can decrease insulin sensitivity, increase reactive oxygen species, and lead to defective insulin secretion. It does not establish that the FFA elevation is chronic or explicitly compare FFA concentrations in obese and non-obese adolescents. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Onset of diabetes at a younger age is associated with longer disease exposure and increased risk for chronic complications affecting more individuals of working age and accentuating adverse societal impact of the disease.”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The global prevalence of adults with diabetes is around 8% (>90% of whom have T2DM)with projections to increase to over 10% by 2040 1 .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2015
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Earlier onset leads to longer lifetime exposure to hyperglycaemia and consequently greater propensity for long term complications.”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > INTRODUCTION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“These estimates are doubled for Hispanic and black persons suggesting that certain ethnic groups are disproportionately affected 14 .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > EPIDEMIOLOGY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Narayan, 2003, Lifetime risk for diabetes mellitus in the United States, JAMA source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The International Diabetes Federation estimated that in the year 2000 young adults aged 20-39 years with T2DM numbered approximately 23 million worldwide (13% of 177 million adults with diabetes 8 ).”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > EPIDEMIOLOGY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [8] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedn = 23- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Evidence is also accumulating that young diabetic cohorts represent an aggressive phenotype leading to premature development of complications with an adverse impact on quality of life and unfavourably influencing long term outcomes, raising the possibility of a future public health catastrophe.”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Abstract
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“By 2013 this had increased to an estimated 63 million (16% of 382 million adults with T2DM [9][10][11] ), the biggest increases being in Africa, South East Asia and the Western Pacific regions (Figure 1).”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > EPIDEMIOLOGY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [9] 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [10] 2006
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [11] 2013
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover,T2DMY affects more individuals of working age which further accentuates its adverse societal impact.”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > INTRODUCTION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While obesity is clearly a prominent risk factor for T2DMY, studies focussed on IR, lipid metabolism and inflammation corroborate evidence in the previous section suggesting that the development of 'diabetic' hyperglycaemia in this age group appears to be more strongly dependent on beta-cell failure than T2DM in later life.”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Obesity induced mechanisms
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Although aerobic exercise can delay or prevent the development of type 2 diabetes in older adults, the expected metabolic benefits derived from aerobic activity are comparatively less in those with T2DMY 52 .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Physical activity
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [52] Gustat, 2002, Relation of self-rated measures of physical activity to multiple risk factors of insulin resistance syndrome in young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study, J Clin Epidemiol source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“there is now evidence that it is safe and effective in obese adolescents [145][146] .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Bariatric Surgery
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [145]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [146]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Separate observational studies in adolescents of different ethnic groups have similarly confirmed the early deterioration of beta-cell function with T2DMY: this was closely associated with the severity of insulin resistance (IR) in African-American adolescents but less so in white Europids and South Asians 25,26 .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Decline in beta cell function
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [25] Mohan, 2013, Associations of β-cell function and insulin resistance with youth-onset type 2 diabetes and prediabetes among Asian Indians, Diabetes Technol Ther source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [26] Wilmot, 2014, Early onset type 2 diabetes: risk factors, clinical impact and management, Ther Adv Chronic Dis source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Regular consumption of sweetened beverages increases energy consumption by about 10%, while increased portion sizes, access to fast foods and targeted advertising of snacks increase adiposity in children, adolescents and young adults 40,41 .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Diet and obesity
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Data in youth with type 2 diabetes are limited but nevertheless encouraging with significant improvements in weight and glycaemic indicators as seen in older adults (ref).”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Bariatric Surgery
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites ref
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“In contrast, a relationship between the degree of obesity and the extent of IR has not been a consistent finding in studies of adolescents with T2DM, and there are insufficient data to determine the involvement of visceral adiposity in this age group 19 .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Obesity induced mechanisms
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] Druet, 2006, Characterization of insulin secretion and resistance in type 2 diabetes of adolescents, J Clin Endocrinol Metab source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, better transportation, television viewing and video games all contribute to sedentary behaviours 45 .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Physical activity
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [45] Mayer-Davis, 2006, Dietary intake among youth with diabetes: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study, J Am Diet Assoc source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The T2DMY phenotype has a stronger family history”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Summary and Future research direction
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“early onset and rapid progression of micro-and macrovascular complications”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Summary and Future research direction
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The continued escalation of obesity and T2DM in young adults also impinges on the lives of other family members, friends, work colleagues, communities and the prosperity of localities where prevalence is particularly high 147,149 .”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > Societal impact of T2DMY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [147]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [149]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper relies on this without support.
The cited studies' findings can be generalised to the broader population of adolescents and young adults with type 2 diabetes.
“Increasing numbers of children, adolescents and young adults with T2DM have been reported across most regions of the world.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The age cutoff of 40 years defines a biologically and clinically meaningful group for the purposes of this review.
“For this review we have defined T2DMY as onset of type 2 diabetes ( ADA and WHO criteria 3,4 ) in adolescents and young adults up to age 40 years excluding secondary diabetes (drug-or chemicalinduced, exocrine pancreas disease, genetic defects), MODY, gestational diabetes and rare forms of diabetes.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Pregnancy is not uncommon in this age group with T2DMY.
“Pregnancy is not an uncommon occurrence in this age group”
The paper relies on this without support.
T2DMY can adversely affect maternal and foetal outcomes.
“the presence of T2DMY can adversely affect maternal and foetal outcomes ( Add reference).”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > EPIDEMIOLOGY
“an annual increase of 7.1% in the incidence of T2DM”
§ TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AUTHORS > EPIDEMIOLOGY
“(9 cases per 100,000 in 2002 -2003 to 12.5 cases per 100,000 in 2011-2012)”
Citations
Cites
Ng, M., Fleming, T., Robinson, M., Thomson, B., Graetz, N., Margono, C., Mullany, E. C., Biryukov, S., Abbafati, C., Abera, S. F., et al. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60460-8 · Cited by 11,952
Physical Activity in the United States Measured by Accelerometer
TROIANO, R. P., BERRIGAN, D., DODD, K. W., MÂSSE, L. C., TILERT, T., & MCDOWELL, M. (2008) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31815a51b3 · Cited by 7,638
Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects
Hallal, P. C., Andersen, L. B., Bull, F. C., Guthold, R., Haskell, W., & Ekelund, U. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60646-1 · Cited by 5,711
Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
Kahn, S. E., Hull, R. L., & Utzschneider, K. M. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05482 · Cited by 5,448
The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments
Swinburn, B. A., Sacks, G., Hall, K. D., McPherson, K., Finegood, D. T., Moodie, M. L., & Gortmaker, S. L. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60813-1 · Cited by 4,888
Childhood obesity: public-health crisis, common sense cure
Ebbeling, C. B., Pawlak, D. B., & Ludwig, D. S. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09678-2 · Cited by 2,980
Hotamisligil, G. S., Peraldi, P., Budavari, A., Ellis, R., White, M. F., & Spiegelman, B. M. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5249.665 · Cited by 2,630
Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease
Lumeng, C. N., & Saltiel, A. R. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci57132 · Cited by 2,319
Kahn, S. E. (2003) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-002-1009-0 · Cited by 2,166
Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity
Bray, G. A., Nielsen, S. J., & Popkin, B. M. (2004) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/79.4.537 · Cited by 1,990
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 810
RSSDI-ESI Clinical Practice Recommendations for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 2020
Chawla, R., Madhu, S. V., Makkar, B. M., Ghosh, S. K., Saboo, B., Kalra, S., & On behalf of RSSDI-ESI Consensus Group (2020) · International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries · doi:10.1007/s13410-020-00819-2 · Cited by 44
Case-finding strategies in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Boursier, J., & Tsochatzis, E. A. (2020) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100219 · Cited by 45
Liu, Y., Zheng, S., Cui, J., Guo, T., & Zhang, J. (2022) · Brazilian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s42770-022-00686-5 · Cited by 45
“With the change of lifestyle and dietary constituents, T2D is increasingly diagnosed in children, adolescents, and young adults [5].”
BackgroundArmocida, B., Monasta, L., Sawyer, S. M., Bustreo, F., Onder, G., Castelpietra, G., Pricci, F., Minardi, V., Giacomozzi, C., Abbafati, C., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.3389/ijph.2023.1606491 · Cited by 44
“…is a major public health concern, as earlier onset of DM implies a longer lifetime exposure to hyperglycaemia, and a consequent larger predisposition to long-term complications (e.g., renal failure, cardiovascular morbidity, retinopathy, neuropathy), premature death, and poor quality of life [11].”
BackgroundRNA N6-methyladenosine: a promising molecular target in metabolic diseases
Li, Y., Wang, J., Huang, C., Shen, M., Zhan, H., & Xu, K. (2020) · Cell & Bioscience · doi:10.1186/s13578-020-00385-4 · Cited by 41
Kaneko, H., Itoh, H., Kiriyama, H., Kamon, T., Fujiu, K., Morita, K., Michihata, N., Jo, T., Takeda, N., Morita, H., et al. (2021) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.12.024 · Cited by 45
Bonsembiante, L., Targher, G., & Maffeis, C. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13103344 · Cited by 60
“Several factors may be involved in the anticipation of T2D onset, although the dramatic increase in childhood and adolescent obesity worldwide plays a key role in this process [5].”
BackgroundInfluentialKim, S. M., Lee, G., Choi, S., Kim, K., Jeong, S., Son, J. S., Yun, J., Kim, S. G., Hwang, S.-S., Park, S. Y., et al. (2020) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-020-05252-y · Cited by 43
Fertility outcomes in women with pre-existing type 2 diabetes—a prospective cohort study
Mattsson, K., Nilsson-Condori, E., Elmerstig, E., Vassard, D., Schmidt, L., Ziebe, S., & Jöud, A. (2021) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.02.009 · Cited by 40
Banerjee, M., Pal, R., Mukhopadhyay, S., & Nair, K. (2023) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad076 · Cited by 49
Dong, Z.-H., Pan, R.-Y., Ren, G., Zhou, M., Zhang, B., Fan, J., & Qiu, Z.-J. (2024) · Food & medicine homology. · doi:10.26599/fmh.2024.9420010 · Cited by 44
Non-invasive diagnosis and staging of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Kechagias, S., Ekstedt, M., Simonsson, C., & Nasr, P. (2022) · Hormones · doi:10.1007/s42000-022-00377-8 · Cited by 39
Barker, M. M., Davies, M. J., Zaccardi, F., Brady, E. M., Hall, A. P., Henson, J. J., Khunti, K., Lake, A. J., Baldry, E. L., Rowlands, A. V., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-1237 · Cited by 45
“The investigation of the association between age at diagnosis and psychological well-being is important, as the disease phenotype, and therefore lived experience, of adults diagnosed at a younger age may differ from those diagnosed at a later age, even if their age at study enrollment is the same (11).”
BackgroundInfante‐Garcia, C., & García-Alloza, M. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20102533 · Cited by 40
“However, the prevalence of T2D in adolescents and young adults is dramatically increasing [7].”
BackgroundDepressive symptoms and diabetes management from late adolescence to emerging adulthood.
Baucom, K. J. W., Turner, S. L., Tracy, E. L., Berg, C. A., & Wiebe, D. J. (2018) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000645 · Cited by 39
Bo, A., Pouwer, F., Juul, L., Nicolaisen, S. K., & Maindal, H. T. (2019) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14087 · Cited by 40
A qualitative study of young peoples’ thoughts and attitudes to follow a more plant-based diet
McInnes, C., Carstairs, S. A., & Cecil, J. E. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1196142 · Cited by 46
“Consequently, unhealthy dietary decisions can exacerbate young people’s probability of developing health complications, for example obesity and diabetes (Poobalan et al., 2014; Lascar et al., 2018).”
BackgroundFrithioff‐Bøjsøe, C., Lund, M. A. V., Kloppenborg, J. T., Nielsen, T., Fonvig, C. E., Lausten‐Thomsen, U., Hedley, P. L., Hansen, T., Pedersen, O. B., Christiansen, M., et al. (2019) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12859 · Cited by 37
“Although overt type 2 diabetes in childhood is relatively rare, prediabetes is common.(6,8) Prediabetes constitutes a heterogeneous group of early alterations in glucose metabolism(5) and for this reason, there are several different criteria for the diagnosis.”
BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea in patients with diabetes less than 40 years of age
Soontornrungsun, B., Khamsai, S., Sawunyavisuth, B., Limpawattana, P., Chindaprasirt, J., Senthong, V., Chotmongkol, V., & Sawanyawisuth, K. (2020) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.008 · Cited by 38
Amatruda, M., Gembillo, G., Giuffrida, A. E., Santoro, D., & Conti, G. (2021) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina57090868 · Cited by 38
“Young individuals with early onset of diabetes have a major risk for macrovascular and microvascular complications, secondary to longer disease exposure and potentially influenced by a genetic predisposition [58].”
BackgroundZhou, Y., Chen, Y., Tang, Y., Zhang, S., Zhuang, Z., & Ni, Q. (2025) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-025-01673-0 · Cited by 37
“Early-onset T2DM strongly correlates with youth obesity epidemics [30], with > 80% of early-onset cases versus 50% in late-onset cases presenting obesity [31, 32].”
Pikó, P., Werissa, N. A., Fiatal, S., Sándor, J., & Ádány, R. (2020) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm11010006 · Cited by 36
“It was also corroborated that EOT2DM is associated with a higher risk of many types of diabetes-related complications [12,14].”
BackgroundZhang, Y., Song, M., Cao, Y., Eliassen, A. H., Wolpin, B. M., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., Wu, K., Ng, K., Hu, F. B., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-1575 · Cited by 39
Childhood Pancreatitis and Risk for Incident Diabetes in Adulthood
Bendor, C. D., Bardugo, A., Zucker, I., Cukierman‐Yaffe, T., Lutski, M., Derazne, E., Shohat, T., Mosenzon, O., Tzur, D., Sapir, A., et al. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-1562 · Cited by 36
“resistance and that a shorter duration is sufficient to induce b-cell failure and hyperglycemia, supporting the hypothesis that diabetes in young adulthoodmay be more strongly dependent on b-cell failure than in those who develop type 2 diabetes later in life (15).”
BackgroundEchouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Niiranen, T., McCabe, E. L., Henglin, M., Jain, M., Vasan, R. S., Larson, M. G., & Cheng, S. C. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-1758 · Cited by 33
“agnosing andmanaging affected persons (3,14).”
Spinelli, R., Florese, P., Parrillo, L., Zatterale, F., Longo, M., D’Esposito, V., Desiderio, A., Nerstedt, A., Gustafson, B., Formisano, P., et al. (2022) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13557 · Cited by 35
Hu, C., Lin, L., Zhu, Y., Zhang, Y. L., Wang, S., Zhang, J., Qi, H., Li, M., Zhu, Y., Huo, Y., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.717069 · Cited by 34
Wei, J., Fan, L., He, Z., Zhang, S., Zhang, Y., Zhu, X., Xia, F., Song, X., Chen, L., Zou, Z., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-025-01709-8 · Cited by 46
Cardiovascular disease in diabetes type 2: current concepts
Rosengren, A. (2018) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12804 · Cited by 37
Sigala, D. M., Hieronimus, B., Medici, V., Lee, V., Nuñez, M. V., Bremer, A. A., Cox, C. L., Price, C. A., Benyam, Y., Chaudhari, A. J., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab508 · Cited by 37
“While the prevalence of NAFLD and T2D among older adults is well recognized, the increasing number of cases among young people is of particular concern as earlier onset increases susceptibility to long-term complications (5-7).”
BackgroundChung, G. E., Cho, E. J., Yoon, J. W., Yoo, J., Chang, Y. W., Cho, Y., Park, S. H., Han, K., Shin, D. W., & Yu, S. J. (2021) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154866 · Cited by 34
Li, Y., Tian, J., Hou, T., Gu, K., Yan, Q., Sun, S., Zhang, J., Sun, J., Liu, L., Sheng, C., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-0386 · Cited by 32
“Accumulating data suggest that young-onset T2DM has a more rapid deterioration of b -cell function than that in later-onset T2DM (9,11,30,31).”
BackgroundResultLiu, J., Liu, S., Gurung, R. L., Ang, K., Tang, W. E., Sum, C. F., Subramaniam, T., & Lim, S. C. (2018) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfy211 · Cited by 33
Choi, J., Choi, J., Choi, J.-Y., et al. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025477 · Cited by 32
Spurr, S., Bally, J. M. G., Hill, P., Gray, K. L., Newman, P., & Hutton, A. E. (2019) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2019.09.025 · Cited by 33
Shankar, R. R., Zeitler, P. S., Deeb, A., Jalaludin, M. Y., Garcia, R., Newfield, R. S., Самойлова, Ю. Г., Rosario, C. A., Shehadeh, N., Saha, C., et al. (2021) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.13279 · Cited by 32
Lei, X., Huo, P., Xie, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, G., Tu, H., Shi, Q., Mo, Z., & Zhang, S. (2022) · Molecular Reproduction and Development · doi:10.1002/mrd.23556 · Cited by 30
Jalaludin, M. Y., Deeb, A., Zeitler, P., Garcia, R., Newfield, R. S., Samoilova, Y., Rosario, C. A., Shehadeh, N., Saha, C. K., Zhang, Y., et al. (2022) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.13282 · Cited by 31
Understanding risk factors for endometrial cancer in young women
Peeri, N. C., Bertrand, K. A., Na, R., Vivo, I. D., Setiawan, V. W., Seshan, V., Alemany, L., Chen, Y., Clarke, M. A., Clendenen, T. V., et al. (2024) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djae210 · Cited by 33
Cardiovascular outcomes trials in type 2 diabetes: Time to include young adults
Ke, C., Shah, B. R., Luk, A. O. Y., Ruggiero, E. D., & Chan, J. C. N. (2019) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13874 · Cited by 31
“outcomes.(6) Furthermore, the use of cardiovascular events as the only clinical outcome may not fully reflect the multi-system burden of T2D nor the safety and efficacy profile of these medications.”
BackgroundDepression in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
Gulley, L. D., & Shomaker, L. B. (2020) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-020-01334-8 · Cited by 33
22q11.2 microdeletion and increased risk for type 2 diabetes
Van, L., Heung, T., Malecki, S. L., Fenn, C., Tyrer, A. E., Sanches, M., Chow, E. W. C., Boot, E., Corral, M. R., Dash, S., et al. (2020) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100528 · Cited by 33
“Those of non-European ethnicity, with family history of T2D, with schizophrenia and/or other standard risk factors for T2D, would appear to deserve particular attention [15,21,22].”
BackgroundVirmani, A., Brink, S. J., Middlehurst, A. C., Mohsin, F., Giraudo, F., Sarda, A., Ajmal, S., Oettingen, J. E. V., Pillay, K., Likitmaskul, S., et al. (2022) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.13456 · Cited by 36
Youth-onset Type 2 Diabetes: An Overview of Pathophysiology, Prognosis, Prevention and Management
Titmuss, A., Korula, S., Wicklow, B. A., & Nadeau, K. J. (2024) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-024-01546-2 · Cited by 42
“Cardiovascular disease appears to be the major contributor to increased mortality even at a young age [19], including 17 serious cardiovascular events by 15 years-post diagnosis (average age 29 years) in the TODAY study [19], and at a far greater rate than in T1D [84, 89].”
BackgroundMisrepresentation of semaglutide in social media
Propfe, L. E., & Seifert, R. (2025) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-025-04403-5 · Cited by 44
“It is assumed that type 2 diabetes in young adults leads to more complications and a reduced quality of life compared to late-onset diabetes (Lascar et al. 2018).”
Effectiveness of Text Message Interventions for Weight Management in Adolescents: Systematic Review
Partridge, S. R., Raeside, R., Singleton, A. C., Hyun, K. K., & Redfern, J. (2020) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/15849 · Cited by 31
“BCTs: behavioral techniques CVD: cardiovascular disease GRADE: Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation mHealth: mobile health PRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis RCTs: randomized controlled trials Edited by G Eysenbach; submitted 12.08.19; peer-reviewed…”
BackgroundInfluentialLi, Z., Chen, X., Luo, T., Ran, X., Hu, J., Cheng, Q., Yang, S., Wu, J., Li, Q., & Wang, Z. (2020) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd17.200076 · Cited by 30
Diet, adiposity, and the gut microbiota from infancy to adolescence: A systematic review
Wyst, K. B. V., Ortega‐Santos, C. P., Toffoli, S., Lahti, C. E., & Whisner, C. M. (2021) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13175 · Cited by 34
Liu, S., Leone, M., Ludvigsson, J. F., Lichtenstein, P., Guðbjörnsdóttir, S., Landén, M., Bergen, S. E., Taylor, M. J., Larsson, H., Kuja‐Halkola, R., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-1053 · Cited by 33
“and more disruptive disease progression and increased risks of diabetes complications and mortality (2,3), less is known about their mental health.”
BackgroundWong, S., Smith, H. E., Chua, J. J. S., Griva, K., Cartwright, E. J., Soong, A., Dalan, R., & Car, L. T. (2019) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14190 · Cited by 31
Mobile health (mHealth) application loyalty in young consumers
Soni, M., Jain, K., & Jajodia, I. (2021) · Young Consumers Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers · doi:10.1108/yc-10-2020-1236 · Cited by 32
Goldberg, R. B. (2022) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2022.02.011 · Cited by 31
Qiao, S., Gao, W. X., & Guo, S. (2020) · Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management · doi:10.2147/tcrm.s244623 · Cited by 28
CRISPR: A new paradigm of theranostics
Yadav, N., Narang, J., Chhillar, A. K., & Rana, J. S. (2021) · Nanomedicine Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.nano.2020.102350 · Cited by 31
Yin, T., Chen, Y., Tang, L., Yuan, H., Zeng, X., & Fu, P. (2022) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/s12882-022-02745-3 · Cited by 28
Gisinger, T., Azizi, Z., Alipour, P., Harreiter, J., Raparelli, V., Kublickiene, K. R., Herrero, M. T., Norris, C. M., Emam, K. E., Pilote, L., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1090541 · Cited by 28
“Due to a worldwide higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2, the authors anticipated that the majority of this cohort would have consisted of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (39, 40).”
BackgroundNanditha, A., Susairaj, P., Satheesh, K., Raghavan, A., Snehalatha, C., & Ramachandran, A. (2024) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.13576 · Cited by 29
Davies, M. J., Lim, S. K., Slater, T., Goldney, J., Philis‐Tsimikas, A., Franco, D. R., Lamptey, R., Yates, T. E., Tankova, T. I., & Lingvay, I. (2026) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-026-00687-w · Cited by 45
Roesti, E. S., Boyle, C. N., Zeman, D. T., Sande-Melón, M., Storni, F., Cabral‐Miranda, G., Knuth, A. K., Lutz, T. A., Vogel, M., & Bachmann, M. F. (2020) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines8010116 · Cited by 29
“T2DM is a chronic disease affecting increasing numbers of people every year; in addition, the onset of the disease is occurring at an earlier age [2].”
BackgroundPredictors of diabetes risk perception among college students
Khan, R. K., Misra, R., Shawley-Brzoska, S., & Wen, S. (2020) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2020.1825222 · Cited by 27
Guo, W., Yi, L., Zhou, B., & Li, M. (2020) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-020-00647-4 · Cited by 30
“As the diagnoses of diabetes are increasing in younger individuals, this condition is no longer considered to affect only elderly individuals [64, 65].”
BackgroundNakajima, R., Watanabe, F., & Kamei, M. (2021) · Pharmacy · doi:10.3390/pharmacy9020090 · Cited by 25
“In recent years, an increase in the number of young people with NCDs has been reported as a result of changes in lifestyle habits [14,15].”
BackgroundGeographic Variation and Risk Factor Association of Early Versus Late Onset Colorectal Cancer
Dong, W., Kim, U., Rose, J., et al. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15041006 · Cited by 26
“In recent years, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults has dramatically increased [22,23], and increases have been disproportionally observed among African Americans [23,24].”
BackgroundFan, Y., Fan, B., Lau, E. S. H., Lim, C. K. P., Wu, H., Ronald, C. W., Ozaki, R., Kong, A. P. S., Chow, E., Luk, A. O. Y., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110954 · Cited by 27
Pinhas-Hamiel, O., & Hamiel, D. (2020) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-020-01345-5 · Cited by 24
Spurr, S., Bally, J. M. G., Bullin, C., Allan, D. E., & McNair, E. (2020) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-020-1924-6 · Cited by 25
Cai, X., Zhu, Q., Cao, Y., Liu, S., Wang, M., Wu, T., Hong, J., Ahmat, A., Aierken, X., & Li, N. (2021) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2021/5527460 · Cited by 26
“The prevalence and incidence of T2D are rapidly increasing worldwide [17].”
BackgroundTanoey, J., & Becher, H. (2021) · Global Health Action · doi:10.1080/16549716.2021.2001144 · Cited by 56
Management of type 2 diabetes in young adults aged 18–30 years: ADS/ADEA/APEG consensus statement
Wong, J., Ross, G. P., Zoungas, S., Craig, M. E., Davis, E. A., Donaghue, K. C., Maple-Brown, L. J., McGill, M. J., Shaw, J. E., Speight, J., et al. (2022) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja2.51482 · Cited by 25
Diet Quality Is Associated with Glucose Regulation in a Cohort of Young Adults
Costello, E. J., Goodrich, J. A., Patterson, W. B., Rock, S., Li, Y., Baumert, B. O., Gilliland, F. D., Goran, M. I., Chen, Z., Alderete, T. L., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14183734 · Cited by 30
“Disparities also exist in T2D risk, with Hispanics and other racial or ethnic minorities at higher risk compared to non-Hispanic Whites [5,7,8].”
BackgroundEffects of aerobic exercises in prediabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Wang, Y., Li, H., Yang, D., Wang, M., Han, Y., & Wang, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1227489 · Cited by 32
“Considering the rising prevalence of diabetes in younger populations, future research should explore the impact of exercise interventions on children and adolescents with diabetes and prediabetes (38).”
BackgroundIdentifying barriers and facilitators to self care in young adults with type 2 diabetes
Wong, S., Soon, W. S. W., Griva, K., & Smith, H. E. (2023) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.15229 · Cited by 25
He, Q., Wu, W., Chen, J., Zhou, H., Ding, G., Lai, S., Kuo, A., Wan, H., Lin, B., Wu, H., et al. (2025) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101660 · Cited by 26
Castillo‐Castrejón, M., Yamaguchi, K., Rodel, R. L., Erickson, K., Kramer, A. W., Hirsch, N. M., Rolloff, K. P., Jansson, T., Barbour, L. A., & Powell, T. L. (2021) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2021.111319 · Cited by 24
Xu, Y., Jakobsson, K., Harari, F., Andersson, E. M., & Li, Y. (2023) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.115525 · Cited by 30
Ding, X., Yao, W., Zhu, J., Mu, K., Zhang, J., & Zhang, J. (2020) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2020/6173618 · Cited by 24
“Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the most common metabolic disease, is mainly caused by islet β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance [1].”
BackgroundInfluentialPlötz, T., & Lenzen, S. (2024) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13703 · Cited by 27
“64,65 Thus, glucose can potentiate lipotoxicity under defined experimental circumstances, 22 but at variance from other views, 66 the glucose molecule itself is not the main driver of human beta-cell dysfunction and death under glu-colipotoxic conditions.”
BackgroundBusili, A., Kumar, K., Kudrna, L., & Busaily, I. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28782 · Cited by 33
“A significant proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes reside in low-and middle-income countries [4], and the prevalence is increasing, particularly among children and young adults under the age of 40 [5].”
BackgroundTantari, G., Bassi, M., Pistorio, A., Minuto, N., Napoli, F., Piccolo, G., Valle, A. L., Spacco, G., Cervello, C., d’Annunzio, G., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1439901 · Cited by 24
Stühmann, L. M., Paprott, R., Heidemann, C., Baumert, J., Hansen, S., Zahn, D., Scheidt‐Nave, C., & Gellert, P. R. (2020) · JMIR Diabetes · doi:10.2196/14396 · Cited by 23
“However, mirroring the rising trend of diabetes-related risk factors such as obesity, the number of people with T2D is expected to rise, not only in the older generations but also in young people [7,8].”
BackgroundSeear, K. H., Atkinson, D. N., Henderson-Yates, L. M., et al. (2020) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2020.101818 · Cited by 23
The tumor suppression theory of aging
Wolf, A. M. (2021) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2021.111583 · Cited by 27
“In turn, diabetes is associated with obesity and sedentary lifestyle (Lascar et al., 2018), high blood pressure is associated”
BackgroundBarker, M. M., Davies, M. J., Sargeant, J. A., Chan, J. C. N., Gregg, E. W., Shabnam, S., Khunti, K., & Zaccardi, F. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-0834 · Cited by 25
Wang, M., Xu, J., Zhou, X., Li, X., & Zheng, Y. (2025) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/68151 · Cited by 39
Are Tanycytes the Missing Link Between Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease?
Raikwar, S. P., Bhagavan, S., Ramaswamy, S. B., Thangavel, R., Dubova, I., Selvakumar, G. P., Ahmed, M. E., Kempuraj, D., Zaheer, S. A., Iyer, S. S., et al. (2018) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-018-1123-8 · Cited by 24
“The worldwide incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing at an alarming pace and is indeed a significant health problem especially due to an increase in life expectancy and an aging population [1].”
Lascar, N., Altaf, Q., Raymond, N. T., Brown, J. E. P., Pattison, H. M., Barnett, A. H., Bailey, C. J., & Bellary, S. (2019) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1080/03007995.2019.1638239 · Cited by 22
“later in life and this is characterised by a faster decline in pancreatic beta-cell function and enhanced susceptibility to complications (9).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRate of decline in kidney function and known age-of-onset or duration of type 2 diabetes
Buyadaa, O., Salim, A., Morton, J. I., Magliano, D. J., & Shaw, J. E. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-94099-3 · Cited by 22
Risk of Incident Heart Failure in Individuals With Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
Liu, J., Liu, S., Wang, J., Lee, J., Tang, J. I.-S., Gurung, R. L., Ang, K., Shao, Y. M., Subramaniam, T., Tang, W. E., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab620 · Cited by 22
A Web Portal for Communicating Polygenic Risk Score Results for Health Care Use—The P5 Study
Marjonen, H., Marttila, M. M., Paajanen, T. I., Vornanen, M., Brunfeldt, M., Joensuu, A., Halmesvaara, O., Aro, K., Alanne-Kinnunen, M., Jousilahti, P., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.763159 · Cited by 21
Wang, C., Chen, D., Chan, C., Yeh, Y., & Chen, H.-H. (2022) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980022001185 · Cited by 23
“Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents are associated with adverse health consequences, such as early-onset diabetes(2), sleep problems(3) and depression(4).”
BackgroundSzydełko, J., & Matyjaszek-Matuszek, B. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24010616 · Cited by 19
“It is estimated that T2DM accounts for approximately 90–95% of all cases of diabetes mellitus, depending on different ethnicity [3,5].”
BackgroundCheng, H., Jia, Z., Li, Y., Yu, X., Wang, J. J., Xie, Y. J., Hernández, J., & Wang, H. (2024) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/49617 · Cited by 25
“This echoes the shift toward earlier onset of T2DM [54,55], and thus future pragmatic trials to evaluate the use of METS-IR may be extended to the younger population.”
BackgroundHuang, Q., Yao, F., Zhou, C., Huang, X., Wang, Q., Long, H., & Wu, Q. (2020) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v8.i24.6213 · Cited by 21
Simonsen, N., Koponen, A. M., & Suominen, S. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10855-0 · Cited by 23
“In this age group, a majority (70%) had early-onset diabetes (when defined as onset of diabetes ≤45 years) – which has been associated with a more aggressive disease with an increased risk of complications [4].”
BackgroundAnti-IAPP Monoclonal Antibody Improves Clinical Symptoms in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes
Vogt, A. S., Roesti, E. S., Mohsen, M. O., Leonchiks, A., Vogel, M., & Bachmann, M. F. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9111316 · Cited by 22
“Aggregated IAPP have cytotoxic properties [24,25] and their presence is associated with β-cell failure, loss of β-cells, and correlates with severity of T2DM in affected patients [15,26,27].”
BackgroundDeveloping services to support the delivery of care to people with early‐onset type 2 diabetes
Misra, S., Gable, D. R., Khunti, K., Barron, E., Young, B., Kar, P. S., & Valabhji, J. (2022) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14927 · Cited by 21
Dibato, J. E., Montvida, O., Ling, J. Z. J., Koye, D. N., Polonsky, W. H., & Paul, S. K. (2022) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-022-05764-9 · Cited by 22
Feig, D. S. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci21-0027 · Cited by 24
Lee, H., Choi, J., Kim, N. Y., Kim, J., Moon, M. K., Lee, S., Park, K. S., & Kwak, S. H. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-2144 · Cited by 23
Type 2 Diabetes and Its Association With Psychiatric Disorders in Young Adults in South Korea
Lee, M., Lee, S. Y., Sohn, S.-Y., Ahn, J., Han, K., & Lee, J.-H. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.19132 · Cited by 22
Metadata
- Authors
- Lascar, N., Brown, J., Pattison, H., Barnett, A. H., Bailey, C. J., & Bellary, S.
- Affiliations
- Aston University (GB)
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bellary, Srikanth
- Venue
- The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-01
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 69-80
- ISSN
- 2213-8587 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2748764116
- Cited by
- 824
- References
- 150
- Citations by year
- 2026: 73 · 2025: 118 · 2024: 112 · 2023: 118 · 2022: 134 · 2021: 107 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 17
- FWCI
- 6.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, youth-onset type 2 diabetes, adolescents, young adults, obesity, family history (medicine), sedentary lifestyle, diabetes risk factors, diabetes complications, disease pathophysiology, diabetes management, quality of life
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Quality of Life, Prevalence, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-01, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-01 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
