Cited by 356Schizophrenia research and treatmentMental Health and PsychiatryAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 87 of the 87 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Persecutory delusions: a cognitive perspective on understanding and treatment.

Open access

Freeman, Daniel·2016·The Lancet Psychiatry

DOI 10.1016/s2215-0366(16)00066-3

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

A spectrum of severity of paranoia (unfounded thoughts that others are deliberately intending to cause harm) exists within the general population. This is unsurprising: deciding whether to trust or mistrust is a vital aspect of human cognition, but accurate judgment of others' intentions is challenging. The severest form of paranoia is persecutory delusions, when the ideas are held with strong conviction. This paper presents a distillation of a cognitive approach that is being translated into treatment for this major psychiatric problem. Persecutory delusions are viewed as threat beliefs, developed in the context of genetic and environmental risk, and maintained by several psychological processes including excessive worry, low self-confidence, intolerance of anxious affect and other internal anomalous experiences, reasoning biases, and the use of safety-seeking strategies. The clinical implication is that safety has to be relearned, by entering feared situations after reduction of the influence of the maintenance factors. An exciting area of development will be a clinical intervention science of how best to enhance learning of safety to counteract paranoia.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s2215-0366(16)00066-3

Cites

87 of 87 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Untitled work
(1979) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,252
Quasi-experimentation: Design and analysis issues for field settings
Shrout, P. E. (1980) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/0149-7189(80)90063-4 · Cited by 6,091
Network analysis: An integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology
Borsboom, D., & Cramer, A. O. J. (2013) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608 · Cited by 4,359
Social capital, income inequality, and mortality.
Kawachi, I., Kennedy, B. P., Lochner, K., & Prothrow-Stith, D. (1997) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.87.9.1491 · Cited by 3,212
Psychosis as a state of aberrant salience: a framework linking biology, phenomenology and pharmacology in schizophrenia
Kapur, S. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.1.13 · Cited by 2,813
Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis
Leucht, S., Cipriani, A., Spineli, L., Mavridis, D., Örey, D., Richter, F., Samara, M., Barbui, C., Engel, R. R., Geddes, J. R., et al. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60733-3 · Cited by 2,561
The cognitive neuropsychology of schizophrenia
(1993) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.31-0601 · Cited by 1,901
Suspicious minds: The psychology of persecutory delusions
Freeman, D. (2007) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.10.004 · Cited by 814
Psychological investigation of the structure of paranoia in a non-clinical population
Freeman, D., Garety, P. A., Bebbington, P. E., Smith, B., Rollinson, R., Fowler, D., Kuipers, E., Ray, K., & Dunn, G. (2005) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.186.5.427 · Cited by 786
Self-citation
The importance of behaviour in the maintenance of anxiety and panic: A cognitive account
Salkovskis, P. M. (1991) · Behavioural Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s0141347300011472 · Cited by 780
The cement of the universe, a study of causation
Rota, G. (1978) · Advances in Mathematics · doi:10.1016/0001-8708(78)90103-2 · Cited by 698
The Cement of the Universe: A Study of Causation.
Berofsky, B., & Mackie, J. L. (1977) · The Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.2307/2025574 · Cited by 637
Interpretation of Schizophrenia.
(1956) · Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1956.02330200123015 · Cited by 626
The self, attributional processes and abnormal beliefs: Towards a model of persecutory delusions
Bentall, R. P., Kinderman, P., & Kaney, S. (1994) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)90131-7 · Cited by 534
The cognitive neuropsychology of schizophrenia
Cutting, J. (1993) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(93)90160-h · Cited by 451
Do Specific Early-Life Adversities Lead to Specific Symptoms of Psychosis? A Study from the 2007 The Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey
Bentall, R. P., Wickham, S., Shevlin, M., & Varese, F. (2012) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs049 · Cited by 401
The cement of the universe : a study of causation
Mackie, J. L. (1980) · doi:10.1093/0198246420.001.0001 · Cited by 391
Preventing a first episode of psychosis: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled prevention trials of 12month and longer-term follow-ups
van der Gaag, M., Smit, F., Bechdolf, A., French, P., Linszen, D. H., Yung, A. R., McGorry, P., & Cuijpers, P. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.004 · Cited by 384
Jumping to conclusions in delusional and non‐delusional schizophrenic patients
Moritz, S., & Woodward, T. S. (2005) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466505x35678 · Cited by 372
Psychosis, delusions and the “jumping to conclusions” reasoning bias: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Dudley, R., Taylor, P., Wickham, S., & Hutton, P. (2016) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv150 · Cited by 353
The past and future of delusions research: from the inexplicable to the treatable
Garety, P. A., & Freeman, D. H. (2013) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.126953 · Cited by 345
Prolonged Exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs Waiting List for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Patients With a Psychotic Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
van den Berg, D. P. G., de Bont, P. A. J. M., van der Vleugel, B. M., de Roos, C., de Jongh, A., Van Minnen, A., & van der Gaag, M. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637 · Cited by 341
Comments on the content of persecutory delusions: Does the definition need clarification?
Freeman, D. H., & Garety, P. A. (2000) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466500163400 · Cited by 334
A Randomized Controlled Trial of 7-Day Intensive and Standard Weekly Cognitive Therapy for PTSD and Emotion-Focused Supportive Therapy
Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., Grey, N., Wild, J., Liness, S., Albert, I., Deale, A., Stott, R. B., & Clark, D. M. (2014) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552 · Cited by 304
The structure of paranoia in the general population
Bebbington, P. E., McBride, O., Steel, C., Kuipers, E., Radovanoviĉ, M., Brugha, T., Jenkins, R., Meltzer, H. I., & Freeman, D. (2013) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.112.119032 · Cited by 302
Effects of cognitive behaviour therapy for worry on persecutory delusions in patients with psychosis (WIT): a parallel, single-blind, randomised controlled trial with a mediation analysis.
Freeman, D., Dunn, G., Startup, H., Pugh, K., Cordwell, J., Mander, H., Černis, E., Wingham, G., Shirvell, K., & Kingdon, D. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00039-5 · Cited by 295
Self-citation
Concomitants of paranoia in the general population
Freeman, D., McManus, S., Brugha, T., Meltzer, H., Jenkins, R., & Bebbington, P. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291710001546 · Cited by 294
The role of sleep dysfunction in the occurrence of delusions and hallucinations: A systematic review
Reeve, S., Sheaves, B., & Freeman, D. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.09.001 · Cited by 273
The effects of individually tailored formulation-based cognitive behavioural therapy in auditory hallucinations and delusions: A meta-analysis
van der Gaag, M., Valmaggia, L. R., & Smit, F. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.03.016 · Cited by 271
The Relationship Between Delusions and Violence
Coid, J. W., Ullrich, S., Kallis, C., Keers, R., Barker, D., Cowden, F., & Stamps, R. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.12 · Cited by 264
A learning theory approach to research in schizophrenia.
Mednick, S. A. (1958) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0040425 · Cited by 263
Virtual reality in the treatment of persecutory delusions: Randomised controlled experimental study testing how to reduce delusional conviction
Freeman, D. H., Bradley, J., Antley, A., Bourke, E., DeWeever, N., Evans, N., Černis, E., Sheaves, B., Waite, F., Dunn, G., et al. (2016) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.176438 · Cited by 243
Emotions, self-esteem, and paranoid episodes: An experience sampling study
Thewissen, V., Bentall, R. P., Oorschot, M., à Campo, J., van Lierop, T., van Os, J., & Myin‐Germeys, I. (2011) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466510x508677 · Cited by 236
Why Do People With Delusions Fail to Choose More Realistic Explanations for Their Experiences? An Empirical Investigation.
Freeman, D., Garety, P. A., Fowler, D., Kuipers, E., Bebbington, P. E., & Dunn, G. (2004) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.4.671 · Cited by 229
Acting on persecutory delusions: The importance of safety seeking
Freeman, D. H., Garety, P. A., Kuipers, E., Fowler, D. G., Bebbington, P., & Dunn, G. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.01.014 · Cited by 224
Efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy for sleep improvement in patients with persistent delusions and hallucinations (BEST): a prospective, assessor-blind, randomised controlled pilot trial
Freeman, D., Waite, F., Startup, H., Myers, E., Lister, R., McInerney, J., Harvey, A. G., Geddes, J., Zaiwalla, Z., Luengo-Fernandez, R., et al. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00314-4 · Cited by 219
WORRY, WORRY PROCESSES AND DIMENSIONS OF DELUSIONS: AN EXPLORATORY INVESTIGATION OF A ROLE FOR ANXIETY PROCESSES IN THE MAINTENANCE OF DELUSIONAL DISTRESS
Freeman, D. H., & Garety, P. A. (1999) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s135246589927107x · Cited by 218
The Structure of The Extended Psychosis Phenotype in Early Adolescence--A Cross-sample Replication
Wigman, J. T. W., Vollebergh, W., Raaijmakers, Q. A. W., Iedema, J., van Dorsselaer, S., Ormel, J., Verhulst, F. C., & van Os, J. (2009) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp154 · Cited by 207
Pathways to defense of the self: A theory of two types of paranoia.
Trower, P., & Chadwick, P. (1995) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00044.x · Cited by 206
Persecutory delusions and catastrophic worry in psychosis: Developing the understanding of delusion distress and persistence
Startup, H. M., Freeman, D. H., & Garety, P. A. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.04.006 · Cited by 205
Testing the continuum of delusional beliefs: An experimental study using virtual reality.
Freeman, D. H., Pugh, K., Vorontsova, N., Antley, A., & Slater, M. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0017514 · Cited by 198
Dimensional structure of psychotic symptoms: An item-level analysis of SAPS and SANS symptoms in psychotic disorders
Peralta, V., & Cuesta, M. J. (1999) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(99)00003-1 · Cited by 195
The relevance of self-esteem and self-schemas to persecutory delusions: A systematic review
Kesting, M.-L., & Lincoln, T. M. (2013) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.002 · Cited by 182
How Cannabis Causes Paranoia: Using the Intravenous Administration of ∆ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to Identify Key Cognitive Mechanisms Leading to Paranoia
Freeman, D. H., Dunn, G., Murray, R. M., Evans, N., Lister, R., Antley, A., Slater, M., Godlewska, B. R., Cornish, R., Williams, J. H., et al. (2014) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu098 · Cited by 170
Insomnia and paranoia
Freeman, D., Pugh, K., Vorontsova, N., & Southgate, L. (2009) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.12.001 · Cited by 158
Self-citation
What makes one person paranoid and another person anxious? The differential prediction of social anxiety and persecutory ideation in an experimental situation
Freeman, D. H., Gittins, M., Pugh, K., Antley, A., Slater, M., & Dunn, G. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708003589 · Cited by 157
Cognitive behaviour therapy to prevent harmful compliance with command hallucinations (COMMAND): a randomised controlled trial
Birchwood, M. J., Michail, M., Meaden, A., Tarrier, N., Lewis, S. W., Wykes, T., Davies, L. M., Dunn, G., & PETERS, E. R. (2014) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(14)70247-0 · Cited by 155
Interpretation of Schizophrenia
Johnson, G. (1975) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1975.tb105878.x · Cited by 155
An investigation of the implementation of NICE-recommended CBT interventions for people with schizophrenia
Haddock, G., Eisner, E., Boone, C., Davies, G., Coogan, C., & Barrowclough, C. (2014) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2013.869571 · Cited by 150
Consistent Etiology of Severe, Frequent Psychotic Experiences and Milder, Less Frequent Manifestations: A Twin Study of Specific Psychotic Experiences in Adolescence
Zavos, H. M. S., Freeman, D., Haworth, C. M. A., McGuire, P., Plomin, R., Cardno, A. G., & Ronald, A. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.994 · Cited by 147
An early Phase II randomised controlled trial testing the effect on persecutory delusions of using CBT to reduce negative cognitions about the self: The potential benefits of enhancing self confidence
Freeman, D. H., Pugh, K., Dunn, G., Evans, N., Sheaves, B., Waite, F., Černis, E., Lister, R., & Fowler, D. G. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.038 · Cited by 137
Improving the clinical prediction of psychosis by combining ultra-high risk criteria and cognitive basic symptoms
Schultze‐Lutter, F., Klosterkötter, J., & Ruhrmann, S. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.02.010 · Cited by 132
Height, social comparison, and paranoia: An immersive virtual reality experimental study
Freeman, D. H., Evans, N., Lister, R., Antley, A., Dunn, G., & Slater, M. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.12.014 · Cited by 131
Mood Instability and Psychosis: Analyses of British National Survey Data
Marwaha, S., Broome, M. R., Bebbington, P., Kuipers, E., & Freeman, D. H. (2013) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbt149 · Cited by 123
Cognitive Mechanisms of Change in Delusions: An Experimental Investigation Targeting Reasoning to Effect Change in Paranoia
Garety, P. A., Waller, H., Emsley, R., Jolley, S., Kuipers, E., Bebbington, P., Dunn, G., Fowler, D. G., Hardy, A., & Freeman, D. H. (2014) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu103 · Cited by 120
Differences in Cognitive and Emotional Processes Between Persecutory and Grandiose Delusions
Garety, P. A., Gittins, M., Jolley, S., Bebbington, P., Dunn, G., Kuipers, E., Fowler, D. G., & Freeman, D. H. (2012) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs059 · Cited by 119
Examining a Cognitive Model of Persecutory Ideation in the Daily Life of People With Schizophrenia: A Computerized Experience Sampling Study
Ben‐Zeev, D., Ellington, K., Swendsen, J. D., & Granholm, E. L. (2010) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbq041 · Cited by 112
Can Paranoid Thoughts be Reduced by Targeting Negative Emotions and Self-Esteem? An Experimental Investigation of a Brief Compassion-Focused Intervention
Lincoln, T. M., Hohenhaus, F., & Hartmann, M. M. (2012) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9470-7 · Cited by 110
Anxiety, Perception, and Schizophrenia.
McReynolds, P. (1960) · Basic Books · doi:10.1037/10605-009 · Cited by 96
Toward a Cognitive-Behavioral Classification System for Mental Disorders
Hofmann, S. G. (2014) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2014.03.001 · Cited by 93
Amygdala Hyperactivity at Rest in Paranoid Individuals With Schizophrenia
Pinkham, A. E., Liu, P., Lu, H., Kriegsman, M., Simpson, C., & Tamminga, C. (2015) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14081000 · Cited by 93
The patient experience of sleep problems and their treatment in the context of current delusions and hallucinations
Waite, F., Evans, N., Myers, E., Startup, H., Lister, R., Harvey, A. G., & Freeman, D. (2016) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12073 · Cited by 85
Suspicious young minds: paranoia and mistrust in 8- to 14-year-olds in the UK and Hong Kong
Wong, K. K., Freeman, D. H., & Hughes, C. H. (2014) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.135467 · Cited by 82
Paranoia and self-concepts in psychosis: A systematic review of the literature
Tiernan, B., Tracey, R., & Shannon, C. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.02.003 · Cited by 81
Paranoia and post-traumatic stress disorder in the months after a physical assault: A longitudinal study examining shared and differential predictors
Freeman, D., Thompson, C., Vorontsova, N., Dunn, G., Carter, L.-A., Garety, P., Kuipers, E., Slater, M., Antley, A., Glucksman, E., et al. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329171300038x · Cited by 79
Thinking Well: A randomised controlled feasibility study of a new CBT therapy targeting reasoning biases in people with distressing persecutory delusional beliefs
Waller, H., Emsley, R., Freeman, D., Bebbington, P., Dunn, G., Fowler, D., Hardy, A., Kuipers, E., & Garety, P. (2015) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.02.007 · Cited by 77
A Shared Genetic Propensity Underlies Experiences of Bullying Victimization in Late Childhood and Self-Rated Paranoid Thinking in Adolescence
Shakoor, S., McGuire, P. K., Cardno, A. G., Freeman, D. H., Plomin, R. J., & Ronald, A. (2014) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu142 · Cited by 76
Do People With Psychosis Have Specific Difficulties Regulating Emotions?
Lincoln, T. M., Hartmann, M. M., Köther, U., & Moritz, S. (2014) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.1923 · Cited by 74
Are Genetic Risk Factors for Psychosis Also Associated with Dimension-Specific Psychotic Experiences in Adolescence?
Sieradzka, D., Power, R. A., Freeman, D. H., Cardno, A. G., McGuire, P. K., Plomin, R. J., Meaburn, E. L., Dudbridge, F., & Ronald, A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094398 · Cited by 72
The interaction of affective with psychotic processes: A test of the effects of worrying on working memory, jumping to conclusions, and anomalies of experience in patients with persecutory delusions
Freeman, D., Startup, H., Dunn, G., Černis, E., Wingham, G., Pugh, K., Cordwell, J., & Kingdon, D. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.06.016 · Cited by 71
Persecutory delusions and psychological well-being
Freeman, D. H., Startup, H. M., Dunn, G., Wingham, G., Černis, E., Evans, N., Lister, R., Pugh, K., Cordwell, J., & Kingdon, D. (2013) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0803-y · Cited by 68
Which Patients with Non-affective Functional Psychosis are not Admitted at First Psychiatric Contact?
Castle, D. J., Phelan, M., Wessely, S. C., & Murray, R. M. (1994) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.165.1.101 · Cited by 67
Theory of mind, insecure attachment and paranoia in adolescents with early psychosis and healthy controls
Korver‐Nieberg, N., Fett, A.-K. J., Meijer, C. J., Koeter, M. W. J., Shergill, S. S., de Haan, L., & Krabbendam, L. (2013) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867413484370 · Cited by 66
Emotion regulation difficulties are relevant to persecutory ideation
Westermann, S., & Lincoln, T. M. (2010) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1348/147608310x523019 · Cited by 58
Dealing with feeling: Specific emotion regulation skills predict responses to stress in psychosis
Lincoln, T. M., Hartmann, M. M., Köther, U., & Moritz, S. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.003 · Cited by 57
Self-Confidence and Paranoia: An Experimental Study Using an Immersive Virtual Reality Social Situation
Atherton, S., Antley, A., Evans, N., Černis, E., Lister, R., Dunn, G., Slater, M., & Freeman, D. H. (2014) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465814000496 · Cited by 55
Intrusive mental imagery in patients with persecutory delusions
Schulze, K., Freeman, D. H., Green, C., & Kuipers, E. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.10.002 · Cited by 50
Targeting Recovery in Persistent Persecutory Delusions: A Proof of Principle Study of a New Translational Psychological Treatment (the Feeling Safe Programme)
Freeman, D., Bradley, J., Waite, F., Sheaves, B., DeWeever, N., Bourke, E., McInerney, J., Evans, N., Černis, E., Lister, R., et al. (2016) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465816000060 · Cited by 50
The use of intuitive and analytic reasoning styles by patients with persecutory delusions
Freeman, D., Lister, R., & Evans, N. (2014) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.06.005 · Cited by 48
The low- and higher-order factor structure of symptoms in patients with a first episode of psychosis
Peralta, V., Moreno-Izco, L., Calvo-Barrena, L., & Cuesta, M. J. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.03.018 · Cited by 47
The Etiology of Schizophrenia
Wolman, B. B. (1961) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1961.15.4.662 · Cited by 44
RESPIRATION AND THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
Massouras, H. G., & Seedat, E. K. (1964) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(64)90201-6 · Cited by 43
THE PARANOID SYNDROME
Manschreck, T. C., & Petri, M. (1978) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(78)91759-2 · Cited by 38
Effects of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on the mental health of university students: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Freeman, D., Sheaves, B., Goodwin, G. M., Yu, L.-M., Harrison, P. J., Emsley, R., Bostock, S., Foster, R. G., Wadekar, V., Hinds, C., et al. (2015) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0756-4 · Cited by 35
The Ministry of Fear
Greene, G. (1943) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 30
The transdiagnostic dimension of psychosis: implications for psychiatric nosology and research.
van Os, J. (2015) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.215041 · Cited by 28
Relating therapy for voices (the R2V study): study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial
Hayward, M., Strauss, C., & Bogen‐Johnston, L. (2014) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-15-325 · Cited by 9

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Sophocles. (401BC/2006). Introductions and translations to the plays of Sophocles and Euripides. Vol 1. (Trans H Love). Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Burton R. (1651/2001). The anatomy of melancholy (H Jackson, ed). New York: New York Review Books.

Sorted by citations

Virtual reality in the treatment of persecutory delusions: Randomised controlled experimental study testing how to reduce delusional conviction
Freeman, D. H., Bradley, J., Antley, A., Bourke, E., DeWeever, N., Evans, N., Černis, E., Sheaves, B., Waite, F., Dunn, G., et al. (2016) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.176438 · Cited by 243
The concomitants of conspiracy concerns
Freeman, D., & Bentall, R. (2017) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-017-1354-4 · Cited by 166
Psychological processes mediating the association between developmental trauma and specific psychotic symptoms in adults: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Bloomfield, M., Chang, T., Woodl, M. J., Lyons, L. M., Cheng, Z. H., Bauer‐Staeb, C., Hobbs, C., Bracke, S., Kennerley, H., Isham, L., et al. (2021) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20841 · Cited by 161
Treatable clinical intervention targets for patients with schizophrenia
Freeman, D., Taylor, K. M., Molodynski, A., & Waite, F. (2019) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.016 · Cited by 125
Self-citation
Disrupting sleep: the effects of sleep loss on psychotic experiences tested in an experimental study with mediation analysis
Reeve, S., Emsley, R., Sheaves, B., & Freeman, D. (2017) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx103 · Cited by 131

See all 356

Authors: Freeman, D.
Affiliations: Warneford Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author: Freeman, Daniel
ORCID: Freeman, Daniel
Venue: The Lancet Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-07
Volume: 3
Issue: 7
Pages: 685-692
ISSN: 2215-0366 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(16)00066-3
OpenAlex: W2460693432
Cited by: 356
References: 87
Citations by year: 2026: 52 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 6
FWCI: 4.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The Lancet Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute for Health and Care Research (RP-2014-05-003)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: persecutory delusions, paranoia, threat beliefs, cognitive approach, delusion maintenance, reasoning biases, excessive worry, low self-confidence, safety learning
MeSH terms: Cognition, Delusions, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Persecutory delusions: a cognitive perspective on understanding and treatment.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks