Implementation of key demand-reduction measures of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and change in smoking prevalence in 126 countries: an association study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) has mobilised efforts among 180 parties to combat the global tobacco epidemic. This study examined the association between highest-level implementation of key tobacco control demand-reduction measures of the WHO FCTC and smoking prevalence over the treaty's first decade. METHODS: We used WHO data from 126 countries to examine the association between the number of highest-level implementations of key demand-reduction measures (WHO FCTC articles 6, 8, 11, 13, and 14) between 2007 and 2014 and smoking prevalence estimates between 2005 and 2015. McNemar tests were done to test differences in the proportion of countries that had implemented each of the measures at the highest level between 2007 and 2014. Four linear regression models were computed to examine the association between the predictor variable (the change between 2007 and 2014 in the number of key measures implemented at the highest level), and the outcome variable (the percentage point change in tobacco smoking prevalence between 2005 and 2015). FINDINGS: Between 2007 and 2014, there was a significant global increase in highest-level implementation of all key demand-reduction measures. The mean smoking prevalence for all 126 countries was 24·73% (SD 10·32) in 2005 and 22·18% (SD 8·87) in 2015, an average decrease in prevalence of 2·55 percentage points (SD 5·08; relative reduction 10·31%). Unadjusted linear regression showed that increases in highest-level implementations of key measures between 2007 and 2014 were significantly associated with a decrease in smoking prevalence between 2005 and 2015). Each additional measure implemented at the highest level was associated with an average decrease in smoking prevalence of 1·57 percentage points (95% CI -2·51 to -0·63, p=0·001) and an average relative decrease of 7·09% (-12·55 to -1·63, p=0·011). Controlling for geographical subregion, income level, and WHO FCTC party status, the per-measure decrease in prevalence was 0·94 percentage points (-1·76 to -0·13, p=0·023) and an average relative decrease of 3·18% (-6·75 to 0·38, p=0·079). This association was consistent across all three control variables. INTERPRETATION: Implementation of key WHO FCTC demand-reduction measures is significantly associated with lower smoking prevalence, with anticipated future reductions in tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. These findings validate the call for strong implementation of the WHO FCTC in the WHO's Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases 2013-2020, and in advancing the UN's Sustainable Development Goal 3, setting a global target of reducing tobacco use and premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by a third by 2030. FUNDING: Health Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research and Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The decade following the introduction of the WHO FCTC was the period of fastest decrease in the prevalence of smoking tobacco use across the largest number of countries.
“The decade following the introduction of the WHO FCTC was the period of fastest decrease in the prevalence of smoking tobacco use across the largest number of countries.34”
From Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (2021) · cites this paper as [34]
The Introduction identifies 2005–2015 as the WHO FCTC’s first decade, and the Results report that smoking prevalence decreased in 90 of the 126 countries studied during that period. The paper does not compare that decade with other periods, so it does not establish that the decline was the fastest or occurred across the largest number of countries. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Health consequences of smoking—50 years of progress : a report of the Surgeon General
Lushniak, B. D., Samet, J. M., Pechacek, T. F., Norman, L., & Taylor, P. A. (2014) · Cited by 4,990 · see citing works
Shibuya, K., Ciecierski, C. C., Guindon, G. E., Bettcher, D. W., EVANS, D. B., & Murray, C. J. L. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7407.154 · Cited by 1,239 · see citing works
Health warning messages on tobacco products: a review
Hammond, D. (2011) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.2010.037630 · Cited by 1,162 · see citing works
Global Effects of Smoking, of Quitting, and of Taxing Tobacco
Jha, P., & Peto, R. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1308383 · Cited by 843 · see citing works
The conceptual framework of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Policy Evaluation Project
Fong, G., Cummings, K., Borland, R., Hastings, G., Hyland, A., Giovino, G., Hammond, D., & Thompson, M. E. (2006) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.2005.015438 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Self-citationExposing and addressing tobacco industry conduct in low-income and middle-income countries
Gilmore, A. B., Fooks, G., Drope, J., Bialous, S. A., & Jackson, R. R. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60312-9 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
The Economic Impact of Smoking and of Reducing Smoking Prevalence: Review of Evidence
Ekpu, V. U., & Brown, A. K. (2015) · Tobacco Use Insights · doi:10.4137/tui.s15628 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
The Economics of Tobacco and Tobacco Control
Acharya, A. K., Angus, K., Asma, S., Bettcher, D. W., Blackman, K., Blecher, E., Borland, R., Ciecierski, C. C., Commar, A. A. L., Cui, M., et al. (2016) · Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Self-citationTobacco control progress in low and middle income countries in comparison to high income countries
Anderson, C., Becher, H., & Winkler, V. (2016) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph13101039 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
The effect of MPOWER on smoking prevalence
Dubray, J., Schwartz, R. M., Chaiton, M., O’Connor, S. C., & Cohen, J. E. (2014) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051834 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Hiilamo, H., & Glantz, S. A. (2015) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.11.054 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
FCTC followed by accelerated implementation of tobacco advertising bans
Hiilamo, H., & Glantz, S. (2017) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053007 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Uang, R., Hiilamo, H., & Glantz, S. A. (2016) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2015.302872 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Time to take tobacco dependence treatment seriously
Raw, M., Mackay, J. M., & Reddy, S. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00950-2 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Giovino, G. A., Kulak, J. A., Kalsbeek, W. D., & Leischow, S. J. (2013) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/nts336 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- International Agency for Research on Cancer. Evaluating the effectiveness of smoke-free policies. IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention, Tobacco Control. Geneva: WHO Press, 2009.
- International Agency for Research on Cancer. Methods for evaluating tobacco control policies. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Handbook 12 on Cancer Prevention, Tobacco Control. Geneva: WHO Press, 2008.
- WHO FCTC. Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Seventh Session, Delhi, India, Nov 7-12, 2016. Impact assessment of the WHO FCTC: Report by the Expert Group. http://www.who.int/fctc/cop/cop7/FCTC_COP_7_6_ EN.pdf (accessed Feb 2, 2017).
- International Agency for Research on Cancer. Effectiveness of price and tax policies for control of tobacco. IARC handbooks of cancer prevention, Tobacco control. Geneva: WHO Press, 2011.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Reitsma, M. B., Kendrick, P. J., Ababneh, E., Abbafati, C., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abdoli, A., Abedi, A., Abhilash, E. S., Abila, D. B., Aboyans, V., et al. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01169-7 · Cited by 1,759 · see citing works
Bennett, J. E., Stevens, G. A., Mathers, C. D., Bonita, R., Rehm, J., Kruk, M. E., Riley, L. M., Dain, K., Kengne, A. P., Chalkidou, K., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31992-5 · Cited by 1,336 · see citing works
Global statistics on alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use: 2017 status report
Peacock, A., Leung, J., Larney, S., Colledge‐Frisby, S., Hickman, M., Rehm, J. T., Giovino, G. A., West, R., Hall, W., Griffiths, P., et al. (2018) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.14234 · Cited by 1,039 · see citing works
Self-citationPlanning for tomorrow: global cancer incidence and the role of prevention 2020–2070
Soerjomataram, I., & Bray, F. (2021) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-021-00514-z · Cited by 1,012 · see citing works
The effects of tobacco control policies on global smoking prevalence
Flor, L. S., Reitsma, M. B., Gupta, V., Ng, M., & Gakidou, E. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-01210-8 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Feliu, A., Filippidis, F. T., Joossens, L., Fong, G. T., Vardavas, C. I., Baena, A., Castellano, Y., Martínez, C., & Fernández, E. (2018) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054119 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Self-citationChung-Hall, J., Craig, L., Gravely, S., Sansone, N., & Fong, G. T. (2019) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054389 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Self-citationPiepoli, M. F., Abreu, A., Albus, C., Ambrosetti, M., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., Corrà, U., Cosyns, B., Deaton, C., Graham, I. M., et al. (2019) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487319893035 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Faber, T., Kumar, A. H. S., Mackenbach, J. P., Millett, C. J., Basu, S., Sheikh, A., & Been, J. V. (2017) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(17)30144-5 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Ma, C., Xi, B., Li, Z., Wu, H., Zhao, M., Liang, Y., & Bovet, P. (2021) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30390-4 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Implementation of non-communicable disease policies: a geopolitical analysis of 151 countries
Allen, L. N., Nicholson, B. D., Yeung, B. Y. T., & Goiana-da-Silva, F. (2019) · The Lancet Global Health · doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(19)30446-2 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Mialon, M., Vandevijvere, S., Carriedo, Á., Bero, L. A., Gomes, F. D. S., Petticrew, M. P., McKee, M., Stückler, D., & Sacks, G. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034082 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Movsisyan, N., Vinciguerra, M., Medina‐Inojosa, J. R., & López-Jiménez, F. A. (2020) · Annals of Global Health · doi:10.5334/aogh.2713 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Tobacco control policies in the 21st century: achievements and open challenges
Peruga, A., López, M. J., Martínez, C., & Fernández, E. (2021) · Molecular Oncology · doi:10.1002/1878-0261.12918 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
The effect of MPOWER scores on cigarette smoking prevalence and consumption
Ngô, Á. N., Cheng, K., Chaloupka, F. J., & Shang, C. (2017) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.05.006 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Yang, X., Chen, H., Zhang, T., Yin, X., Man, J., He, Q., & Lü, M. (2021) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.203374 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Hoffman, S. J., Poirier, M. J. P., Katwyk, S. R. V., Baral, P., & Sritharan, L. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l2287 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Use
Kalkhoran, S. M., Benowitz, N. L., & Rigotti, N. A. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.036 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Kock, L. S., Brown, J., Hiscock, R., Tattan‐Birch, H., Smith, C. A., & Shahab, L. (2019) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30220-8 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in South America: a PURE substudy
López-Jaramillo, P. A., Joseph, P. G., López-López, J., Lanas, F. T., Avezum, Á., Díaz, R., Camacho, P. A., Pamela Serón, S., Oliveira, G. B. F., Orlandini, A., et al. (2022) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac113 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Yang, X., Man, J., Chen, H., Zhang, T., Yin, X., He, Q., & Lü, M. (2020) · Lung Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.12.007 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Saxton, J., Rodda, S. N., Booth, N., Merkouris, S., & Dowling, N. A. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248262 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Zhang, L., Tong, Z., Han, R., Guo, R., Zang, S., Zhang, X., Yuan, R., & Yang, Y. (2023) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.122.028193 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Current Tobacco Smoking Prevalence Among Iranian Population: A Closer Look at the STEPS Surveys
Sohrabi, M.-R., Abbasi‐Kangevari, M., & Kolahi, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.571062 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Paraje, G. R., Muñoz, M. F., Wu, D. C. N., & Jha, P. (2024) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-024-02806-0 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Socio-demographic inequalities in cigarette smoking in Indonesia, 2007 to 2014
Amalia, B., Cadogan, S. L., Prabandari, Y. S., & Filippidis, F. T. (2019) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.02.025 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Abbasi‐Kangevari, M., Ghanbari, A., Fattahi, N., Malekpour, M., Masinaei, M., Ahmadi, N., Ghamari, S., Naderian, M., Rashidi, M., Rezaei, N., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-37299-3 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Intranasal administration of resveratrol successfully prevents lung cancer in A/J mice
Monteillier, A., Voisin, A., Furrer, P., Allémann, É., & Cuendet, M. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32423-0 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Husain, M. J., Datta, B. K., Nargis, N., Iglesias, R., Perucic, A.-M., Ahluwalia, I. B., Tripp, A., Fatehin, S., Husain, M. M., Kostova, D., et al. (2020) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055758 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Gredner, T., Mons, U., Niedermaier, T., Brenner, H., & Soerjomataram, I. (2021) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100074 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Puska, P., & Daube, M. (2018) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054429 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Impact of the WHO FCTC on tobacco control: perspectives from stakeholders in 12 countries
Craig, L. V., Fong, G. T., Chung‐Hall, J., & Puska, P. (2019) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-054940 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationWillemsen, M. C., & Been, J. V. (2022) · npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41533-022-00321-8 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Oh, J. S., Kim, S., Yim, Y., Kim, M. S., Collaborators, G. 2. S. U., Shin, J. I., Jabbar, A. A., Aalruz, H., Abbasian, M., Magied, A. H. A. A. A., et al. (2026) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-025-04077-9 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Bhatta, D. N., Crosbie, E., Bialous, S. A., & Glantz, S. A. (2020) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa067 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Evaluating tobacco industry ‘transformation’: a proposed rubric and analysis
Edwards, R., Hoek, J. A., Karreman, N., & Gilmore, A. (2022) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056687 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Fong, G. T., Thompson, M. E., Boudreau, C., Bécuwe, N., Driezen, P., Agar, T. K., Quah, A. C. K., Zatoński, W. A., Przewoźniak, K., Mons, U., et al. (2018) · Tobacco Induced Diseases · doi:10.18332/tid/99881 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationTobacco Tax Reform at the Crossroads of Health and Development
Marquez, P. V., & Moreno‐Dodson, B. (2017) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/28494 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Sreeramareddy, C. T., & Acharya, K. P. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.37820 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Amul, G. G. H., & Pang, T. (2018) · Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies · doi:10.1002/app5.218 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Strategies and barriers to achieving the goal of Finland’s tobacco endgame
Timberlake, D. S., Laitinen, U., Kinnunen, J. M., & Rimpelä, A. (2019) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054779 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Implementation of tobacco control measures in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, 2008–2020
Monshi, S. S., & Ibrahim, J. K. (2021) · Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1186/s13011-021-00393-8 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
A Policy Perspective on the Global Use of Smokeless Tobacco
Siddiqi, K., Vidyasagaran, A. L., Readshaw, A., & Croucher, R. (2017) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-017-0166-7 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Verguet, S., Kearns, P. K. A., & Rees, V. W. (2021) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055315 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Which countries are ready for a tobacco endgame? A scoping review and cluster analysis
Selvan, S. T., Yeo, X. X., & van der Eijk, Y. (2024) · The Lancet Global Health · doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00085-8 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Linnansaari, A., Ollila, H., Pisinger, C. H., Scheffels, J., Kinnunen, J. M., & Rimpelä, A. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/14034948221106867 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Secondhand smoke presence in outdoor areas in 12 European countries
Henderson, E., Lugo, A., Liu, X., Continente, X., Fernández, E., López, M. J., & Gallus, S. (2021) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.110806 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
In times of tobacco‐free nicotine consumption: The influence of nicotine on vascular calcification
Babic, M., Schuchardt, M., Tölle, M., & van der Giet, M. (2019) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.13077 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Heydari, G., Zaatari, G. S., Al-Lawati, J. A., El‐Awa, F., & Fouad, H. (2018) · Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal · doi:10.26719/2018.24.1.63 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Faber, T., Mizani, M. A., Sheikh, A., Mackenbach, J. P., Reiss, I. K. M., & Been, J. V. (2019) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30175-6 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Wisdom, J. P., Juma, P. A., Mwagomba, B. M., Ndinda, C., Mapa-Tassou, C., Assah, F. K., Nkhata, M. J., Mohamed, S. F., Oladepo, O., Oladunni, O., et al. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5827-5 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Reprint of: Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Use
Kalkhoran, S. M., Benowitz, N. L., & Rigotti, N. A. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.020 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Fu, M., Castellano, Y., Tigova, O., Kyriakos, C. N., Fong, G. T., Mons, U., Zatoński, W. A., Agar, T. K., Quah, A. C. K., Trofor, A. C., et al. (2019) · Tobacco Induced Diseases · doi:10.18332/tid/94827 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationGirvalaki, C., Filippidis, F. T., Kyriakos, C. N., Driezen, P., Herbeć, A., Mons, U., Papadakis, S., Mechili, E. A., Katsaounou, P. A., Przewoźniak, K., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17176263 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationGlobal progress in tobacco control: the question of policy compliance
Anderson, C. L., Mons, U., & Winkler, V. F. (2020) · Global Health Action · doi:10.1080/16549716.2020.1844977 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Hiilamo, H., & Glantz, S. A. (2021) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntab216 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Lyle, G., & Hendrie, D. V. (2024) · Globalization and Health · doi:10.1186/s12992-023-01012-w · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Pinilla, J., López‐Valcárcel, B. G., & Negrín, M. Á. (2018) · Health Economics Policy and Law · doi:10.1017/s1744133118000270 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Brandariz, J. R., Rumgay, H., Ayo-Yusuf, O. A., Edwards, R., Islami, F., Liu, S., Pérez‐Ríos, M., Corrêa, P. C. R. P., Ruano‐Raviña, A., & Soerjomataram, I. (2024) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00185-3 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Global susceptibility and response to noncommunicable diseases
Hatefi, A., Allen, L. N., Bollyky, T. J., Roache, S. A., & Nugent, R. A. (2018) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · doi:10.2471/blt.17.206763 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Chan, G., GARTNER, C. E., Lim, C. C. W., Sun, T., Hall, W., Connor, J. P., Stjepanović, D., & Leung, J. (2022) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15892 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
de Looze, M. E., Henking, C., Torsheim, T., Currie, D. B., Weber, M. W., & Aleman-Diaz, A. (2022) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103871 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Policy view: worldwide patterns of tobacco use with recommendations for tobacco control
McHardy, J., Marquizo, A. B., Bettcher, D. W., & Gakidou, E. E. (2025) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00172-9 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Yuan, R., Ren, F., Xie, Y., Li, K., & Tong, Z. (2022) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/40657 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Siddiqi, K., Elsey, H., Khokhar, M. A., Marshall, A., Pokhrel, S., Arora, M., Crankson, S., Mehra, R., Morello, P., Collin, J., et al. (2023) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntad022 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationOllila, H., Tarasenko, Y. N., Ciobanu, A., Lebedeva, E., & Raitasalo, K. (2023) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc-2022-057749 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The Contribution of MMP-7 Promoter Polymorphisms to Taiwan Lung Cancer Susceptibility
Chen, G.-L., Shen, T., CHANG, W.-S., Tsai, C.-W., Li, H.-T., CHUANG, C.-L., Lai, Y.-L., YUEH, T.-C., Hsia, T., WANG, S.-C., et al. (2018) · Anticancer Research · doi:10.21873/anticanres.12903 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Fuchs, A., Marquez, P. V., Dutta, S., & Icaza, F. G. (2019) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/31575 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Smith, T. T., Nahhas, G. J., Borland, R., Cho, Y. J., Chung‐Hall, J., Fairman, R. T., Fong, G. T., McNeill, A. D., Popova, L., Thrasher, J. F., et al. (2021) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106600 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationArmario, P., Brotons, C., Elosúa, R., de Leciñana, M. A., Castro, A., Clarà, A. B. I., Cortés, O., Rodríguez, Á. D., Herranz, M., Justo, S., et al. (2021) · Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.artere.2021.02.001 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Ahsan, A., Afin, R., Amalia, N., Hindriyani, M., Jacinda, A. R., & Kramer, E. (2022) · Globalization and Health · doi:10.1186/s12992-022-00810-y · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Smoking cessation interventions in South Asian Region: a systematic scoping review
Iqbal, S., Barolia, R., Petrucka, P. M., Ladak, L. A., Rehmani, R., & Kabir, A. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13443-y · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Cerrai, S., Benedetti, E., Colasante, E., Scalese, M., Gorini, G., Gallus, S., & Molinaro, S. (2022) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15982 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Kelly, L. P., Harrison, M., Richardson, N., Carroll, P., Robertson, S., Keohane, A., & Donohoe, A. (2018) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdy134 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Gambaryan, M. G., & Drapkina, O. M. (2021) · Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.17116/profmed20212402144 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Lim, M. K., & Cho, H. (2018) · Journal of Korean Medical Association · doi:10.5124/jkma.2018.61.3.148 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Suryani, A. (2024) · Social Communication · doi:10.57656/sc-2024-0009 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Laird, Y., Myers, F., Reid, G., & McAteer, J. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16152659 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Zarghami, M., Taghizadeh, F., Sharifpour, A., & Alipour, A. (2019) · Tobacco Induced Diseases · doi:10.18332/tid/114227 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
E-cigarette use is associated with susceptibility to tobacco use among Australian young adults
Jongenelis, M. I., Jardine, E., Kameron, C., Rudaizky, D., & Pettigrew, S. (2019) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.06.017 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Zyambo, C. M., Olowski, P., Mulenga, D., Syapiila, P., Liwewe, M. M., Ngoma-Hazemba, A., Halwiindi, H., & Siziya, S. (2023) · Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.1.111 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Shang, C., Chaloupka, F. J., Fong, G. T., Gupta, P. C., & Pednekar, M. S. (2017) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntx184 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationFong, G. T., Jiang, Y., Craig, L. V., Xu, S. S., Meng, G., Quah, A. C. K., Seo, H.-G., Lee, S., Yoshimi, I., Katanoda, K., et al. (2021) · China CDC Weekly · doi:10.46234/ccdcw2021.120 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationJarlstrup, N. S., Juel, K., Pisinger, C. H., Grønbæk, M., Holm, S., & Andersen, S. (2018) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-018-0187-x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Henderson, E., Rodríguez, A., Continente, X., Fernández, E., Tigova, O., Cortés-Francisco, N., Semple, S. E., Dobson, R., Tzortzi, A., Vyzikidou, V. K., et al. (2022) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.115118 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Tobacco sales to underage buyers in France: findings from a mystery shopping study
Lakhdar, C. B., Elharrar, X., Gallopel‐Morvan, K., & Wolff, F. (2020) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.068 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Shiohama, T., Hisada, A., Yamamoto, M., Sakurai, K., Takatani, R., Fujii, K., Shimojo, N., Mori, C., the Japan Environment Children’s Study (JECS) Group, Kamijima, M., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-98311-2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Efficacy of smokeless tobacco for smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Stjepanović, D., Phartiyal, P., Leung, J., Lim, C. C. W., Sun, T., Chung, J. Y. C., GARTNER, C. E., Hall, W., & Chan, G. (2022) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-057019 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Creedon, T. B., Wayne, G. F., Progovac, A. M., Levy, D. E., & Cook, B. L. (2022) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.16052 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Lung Cancer Chemopreventive Activity of Patulin Isolated from Penicillium vulpinum
Monteillier, A., Allard, P., Gindro, K., Wolfender, J., & Cuendet, M. (2018) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules23030636 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Tobacco control policies in relation to child health and perinatal health outcomes
Been, J. V., & Sheikh, A. (2018) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2017-313680 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Song, F., Elwell-Sutton, T., & Naughton, F. (2019) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054879 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Global burden of stomach cancer attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2019 and predictions to 2044
Jia, X., Sheng, C., Han, X., Li, M., & Wang, K. (2023) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2023.11.019 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Armario, P., Brotons, C., Elosúa, R., de Leciñana, M. A., Castro, A., Clarà, A. B. I., Cortés, O., Rodríguez, Á. D., Herranz, M., Justo, S., et al. (2020) · Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular · doi:10.1016/j.hipert.2020.07.004 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Kim, N., Loh, W., & McCarthy, D. E. (2021) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0000060 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Network influences on policy implementation: Evidence from a global health treaty.
Valente, T., Pitts, S. R., Wipfli, H., & Yon, G. G. V. (2019) · Social Science & Medicine (1967) · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.01.008 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Use of Single, Dual, and Poly Tobacco Products in Korean Adolescents
Kwon, M. J., Chung, S. J., & Lee, J. (2021) · Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/10105395211022950 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Al-Mandhari, A. S., Hammerich, A., Awa, F. E., Bettcher, D. W., & Mandil, A. (2020) · Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal · doi:10.26719/2020.26.1.4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Taheri, N., Fattahi, P., Saeedi, E., Sayyari, M., Abdi, S., Khaki, M., Rahimi, N., Motamedi, R. K., Lotfi, F., Rajabpour, M. V., et al. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0297045 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Rodríguez‐Cano, R., Paulus, D. J., Zvolensky, M. J., López‐Durán, A., Martínez-Vispo, C., & Becoña, E. (2018) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2018.1423687 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gravely, S., Giovino, G. A., Craig, L., Commar, A., D'Espaignet, E. T., Schotte, K., & Fong, G. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Waterloo (CA)
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- World Health Organization (CH)
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Fong, Geoffrey T
- Venue
- The Lancet Public Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-04
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e166-e174
- ISSN
- 2468-2667 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2602423745
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 9 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 21.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Lancet Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RUNE (Research UNE) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Foundation Grant (FDN-148477)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Keywords
- Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, tobacco control, smoking prevalence
- MeSH terms
- Smoking Prevention, Humans, International Cooperation, Smoking, Global Health, World Health Organization, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
