Cognitive behavioural therapy for depression: systematic review of imaging studies
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Although cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been shown to be an effective treatment for depression, the biological mechanisms underpinning it are less clear. This review examines if it is associated with changes identifiable with current brain imaging technologies. METHODS: To better understand the mechanisms by which CBT exerts its effects, we undertook a systematic review of studies examining brain imaging changes associated with CBT treatment of depression. RESULTS: Ten studies were identified, five applying functional magnetic resonance imaging, three positron emission tomography, one single photon emission computer tomography, and one magnetic resonance spectroscopy. No studies used structural MRI. Eight studies included a comparator group; in only one of these studies was there randomised allocation to another treatment. CBT-associated changes were most commonly observed in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate, ventromedial prefrontal cortex/orbitofrontal cortex (VMPFC/OFC) and amygdala/hippocampus. DISCUSSION: The evidence, such as it is, suggests resting state activity in the dorsal ACC is decreased by CBT. It has previously been suggested that treatment with CBT may result in increased efficiency of a putative 'dorsal cognitive circuit', important in cognitive control and effortful regulation of emotion. It is speculated this results in an increased capacity for 'top-down' emotion regulation, which is employed when skills taught in CBT are engaged. Though changes in activity of the dorsal ACC could be seen as in-keeping with this model, the data are currently insufficient to make definitive statements about how CBT exerts its effects. Data do support the contention that CBT is associated with biological brain changes detectable with current imaging technologies.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The most consistent finding in a systematic review on brain activation changes with CBT is decreased dorsal ACC activity.
“a recently published systematic review on brain activation changes with CBT summarising that the most consistent finding is decreased dorsal ACC activity (Franklin et al., 2016).”
From Meta-analyses of the neural mechanisms and predictors of response to psychotherapy in depression and anxiety (2018) · cites this paper as Franklin et al., 2016
Cites
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100 · Cited by 28,164 · see citing works
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gotzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2700 · Cited by 17,648 · see citing works
An Integrative Theory of Prefrontal Cortex Function
Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.167 · Cited by 12,803 · see citing works
Relation of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables: a meta-analytic review
Martin, D. J., Garske, J. P., & Davis, M. K. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.68.3.438 · Cited by 3,355 · see citing works
Mayberg, H. S., Liotti, M., Brannan, S. K., McGinnis, S., Mahurin, R. K., Jerabek, P. A., Silva, J. A., Tekell, J. L., Martin, C. C., Lancaster, J. L., et al. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.5.675 · Cited by 2,416 · see citing works
Changes in grey matter induced by training
Draganski, B., Gaser, C., Busch, V., Schuierer, G., Bogdahn, U., & May, A. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/427311a · Cited by 2,373 · see citing works
Cognitive impairment in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Rock, P. L., Roiser, J. P., Riedel, W. J., & Blackwell, A. D. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713002535 · Cited by 2,161 · see citing works
Neural mechanisms of the cognitive model of depression.
Disner, S. G., Beevers, C. G., Haigh, E. A. P., & Beck, A. T. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3027 · Cited by 1,718 · see citing works
Training induces changes in white-matter architecture
Scholz, J., Klein, M. C., Behrens, T. E. J., & Johansen-Berg, H. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2412 · Cited by 1,508 · see citing works
Sheline, Y. I., Barch, D. M., Donnelly, J. M., Ollinger, J. M., Snyder, A. Z., & Mintun, M. A. (2001) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01263-x · Cited by 1,191 · see citing works
Goldapple, K., Segal, Z., Garson, C., Lau, M., Bieling, P., Kennedy, S., & Mayberg, H. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.1.34 · Cited by 1,068 · see citing works
Thinking and Depression: II. Theory and Therapy
BECK, A. T. (1964) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1964.01720240015003 · Cited by 820 · see citing works
Prevention of Relapse following cognitive therapy vs medications in moderate to severe depression.
Hollon, S. D., DeRubeis, R. J., Shelton, R. C., Amsterdam, J. D., Salomon, R. M., O’Reardon, J. P., Lovett, M. L., Young, P. R., Haman, K. L., Freeman, B. B., et al. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.4.417 · Cited by 735 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of the magnitude of biased attention in depression
Peckham, A. D., McHugh, R. K., & Otto, M. W. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20755 · Cited by 647 · see citing works
The neurobiology of depression and antidepressant action
Willner, P., Scheel-Krüger, J., & Belzung, C. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.12.007 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Fales, C. L., Barch, D. M., Rundle, M. M., Mintun, M. A., Snyder, A. Z., Cohen, J. D., Mathews, J., & Sheline, Y. I. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.06.012 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Kennedy, S. H., Konarski, J. Z., Segal, Z. V., Lau, M. A., Bieling, P. J., McIntyre, R. S., & Mayberg, H. S. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.5.778 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Sacher, J., Neumann, J., Fünfstück, T., Soliman, A., Villringer, A., & Schroeter, M. L. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.08.001 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Fu, C. H. Y., Williams, S. C. R., Cleare, A. J., Scott, J., Mitterschiffthaler, M. T., Walsh, N. D., Donaldson, C., Suckling, J., Andrew, C., Steiner, H., et al. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.033 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Ritchey, M., Dolcos, F., Eddington, K. M., Strauman, T. J., & Cabeza, R. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.09.007 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Modulation of Amygdalar Activity by the Conscious Regulation of Negative Emotion
Schaefer, S. M., Jackson, D. C., Davidson, R. J., Aguirre, G. K., Kimberg, D. Y., & Thompson-Schill, S. L. (2002) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892902760191135 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
The Talairach Daemon a database server for talairach atlas labels
Lancaster, J. L., Summerlin, J. L., Rainey, L., Freitas, C., & Fox, P. T. (1997) · NeuroImage · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Structural plasticity in the language system related to increased second language proficiency
Stein, M., Federspiel, A., Koenig, T. W., Wirth, M., Strik, W. K., Wiest, R., Brandeis, D., & Dierks, T. (2010) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2010.10.007 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Yoshimura, S., Okamoto, Y., Onoda, K., Matsunaga, M., Okada, G., Kunisato, Y., Yoshino, A., Ueda, K., Suzuki, S.-I., & Yamawaki, S. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst009 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
de Lange, F. P., Koers, A., Kalkman, J. S., Bleijenberg, G., Peter Hagoort, A., van der Meer, J. W. M., & Toni, I. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn140 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Toward Clinically Useful Neuroimaging in Depression Treatment
Siegle, G. J., Thompson, W. K., Collier, A. B., Berman, S., Feldmiller, J., Thase, M. E., & Friedman, E. S. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.65 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Beltman, M. W., Voshaar, R. C. O., & Speckens, A. E. M. (2010) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.109.064675 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Beevers, C. G., Clasen, P., Stice, E., & Schnyer, D. (2010) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.01.047 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Sanacora, G., Fenton, L. R., Fasula, M. K., Rothman, D. L., Levin, Y., Krystal, J. H., & Mason, G. F. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.07.015 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Tiger, M., Rück, C., Forsberg, A., Varrone, A., Lindefors, N., Halldin, C., Farde, L., & Lundberg, J. (2014) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.05.011 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Bellani, M., Dusi, N., Yeh, P., Soares, J. C., & Brambilla, P. (2010) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.11.040 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Amsterdam, J. D., Newberg, A. B., Newman, C. F., Justine Shults, A., Wintering, N., & Soeller, I. (2013) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1111/jon.12035 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Neural effects of cognitive–behavioural therapy on dysfunctional attitudes in depression
Sankar, A., Scott, J. L., Paszkiewicz, A., Giampietro, V., Steiner, H., & Fu, C. H. Y. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714002529 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Speed of Response to Bilateral ECT
Shapira, B., & Lerer, B. (1999) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/00124509-199909000-00004 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Marwood, L., Wise, T., Perkins, A. M., & Cleare, A. J. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.022 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Sankar, A., Melin, A., Lorenzetti, V., Horton, P., Costafreda, S. G., & Fu, C. H. Y. (2018) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.07.002 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Shou, H., Yang, Z., Satterthwaite, T. D., Cook, P. A., Bruce, S. E., Shinohara, R. T., Rosenberg, B., & Sheline, Y. I. (2017) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.01.030 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Enneking, V., Leehr, E. J., Dannlowski, U., & Redlich, R. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719003660 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Li, J., Zhang, Y., Su, W., Liu, L., Gong, H., Peng, W. J., & Jiang, C. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.020 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Yang, Z., Oathes, D. J., Linn, K. A., Bruce, S. E., Satterthwaite, T. D., Cook, P. A., Satchell, E. K., Shou, H., & Sheline, Y. I. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.12.006 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“Studies examining neural substrates of CBT have demonstrated changes in cognitive control regions in MDD following treatment (36 – 39) and in PTSD (24,40 – 42).”
BackgroundWang, Y., Wang, J., Jia, Y., Zhong, S., Niu, M., Sun, Y., Qi, Z., Zhao, L., Huang, L., & Huang, R. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03777-8 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Matisz, C. E., & Gruber, A. J. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.020 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Flux, M. C., & Lowry, C. A. (2019) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104578 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Yuan, S., Wu, H., Wu, Y., Xu, H., Yu, J., Zhong, Y., Zhang, N., Li, J., Xu, Q., & Wang, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.853804 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Rubin-Falcone, H., Weber, J., Kishon, R., Ochsner, K., Delaparte, L., Doré, B., Zanderigo, F., Oquendo, M. A., Mann, J. J., & Miller, J. M. (2018) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.11.002 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Hayasaka, S., Nakamura, M., Noda, Y., Izuno, T., Saeki, T., Iwanari, H., & Hirayasu, Y. (2017) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12547 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Brain Development, and Mental Health: A Call for Neurocounseling
Navalta, C. P., McGee, L., & Underwood, J. (2018) · Journal of Mental Health Counseling · doi:10.17744/mehc.40.3.07 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Yang, Z., Gu, S., Honnorat, N., Linn, K. A., Shinohara, R. T., Aselcioglu, I., Bruce, S. E., Oathes, D. J., Davatzikos, C. A., Satterthwaite, T. D., et al. (2018) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0201-7 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Yokoyama, S., Okamoto, Y., Takagaki, K., Okada, G., Takamura, M., Mori, A., Shiota, S., Ichikawa, N., Jinnin, R., & Yamawaki, S. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.021 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Seeberg, I., Kjærstad, H. L., & Miskowiak, K. W. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00337 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Cristea, I. A., Karyotaki, E., Hollon, S. D., Cuijpers, P., & Gentili, C. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.022 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Schwartzmann, B., Quilty, L. C., Dhami, P., Uher, R., Allen, T. A., Kloiber, S. M., Lam, R. W. M., Frey, B. N., Milev, R. V., Müller, D. J., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-35179-4 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Enneking, V., Dzvonyar, F., Dück, K., Dohm, K., Grotegerd, D., Förster, K., Meinert, S. L., Lemke, H., Klug, M., Waltemate, L., et al. (2020) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2020.03.018 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Cunningham, N. R., Kashikar‐Zuck, S., & Coghill, R. C. (2019) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000767 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Wang, Z.-D., Xia, Y.-F., Zhao, Y., & Chen, L.-M. (2017) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1042/bsr20160557 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
La Buissonniere-Ariza, V., Fitzgerald, K., Meoded, A., Williams, L. L., Liu, G., Goodman, W. K., & Storch, E. A. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.182 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
König, P., Zwiky, E., Küttner, A., Uhlig, M., & Redlich, R. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.084 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Behavioral Activation and Brain Network Changes in Depression
Jung, M., & Han, K. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Neurology · doi:10.3988/jcn.2024.0148 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Meng, Y., Li, H., Wang, J., Xu, Y. J., & Wang, B. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.001 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Zalsman, G., Gutman, A., Shbiro, L., Rosenan, R., Mann, J. J., & Weller, A. (2015) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.08.006 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Goodwin, G. M., Holmes, E. A., Andersson, E., Browning, M. D., Jones, A., Lass‐Hennemann, J., Månsson, K. N. T., Moessnang, C., Salemink, E., Sánchez-López, Á., et al. (2018) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.10.036 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Egloff, N., Wegmann, B., Juon, B. H., Stauber, S., von Känel, R., & Vögelin, E. (2017) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s116674 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Meta-Analytic Evidence for Neural Dysactivity Underlying Sexual Dysfunction
Poeppl, T. B., Langguth, B., Laird, A. R., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2019) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.02.012 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Cera, N., Monteiro, J., Esposito, R., Francesco, G. D., Cordes, D., Caldwell, J., & Cieri, F. (2022) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.1029256 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Liu, L., Chen, D., Huang, F., Jia, T., Cheng, W., Pan, M., Zhao, M., Bu, X., Liao, X., Wang, Y., et al. (2024) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.14900 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Sosic-Vasic, Z., Abler, B., Grön, G., Plener, P. L., & Straub, J. (2017) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0000000000000770 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Zhou, D.-D., Zhou, X., Lin, Q., Wang, W., Lv, Z., Chen, X.-R., Nie, G., & Kuang, L. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.025 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lv, N., Lefferts, W. K., Xiao, L., Goldstein‐Piekarski, A. N., Wielgosz, J., Lavori, P. W., Simmons, J. M., Smyth, J. M., Stetz, P. C., Venditti, E. M., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqab280 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Alahyari, A. Z., Bayazi, M. H., & Rajaei, A. R. (2021) · European Review of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2021.100624 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Haipt, A., Rosenbaum, D., Fuhr, K., Batra, A., & Ehlis, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1401946 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The role of brain white matter in depression resilience and response to sleep interventions
Bresser, T., Leerssen, J., Hölsken, S., Groote, I. R., Foster‐Dingley, J. C., van den Heuvel, M. P., & Someren, E. J. W. V. (2023) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcad210 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Gaming Disorder: How to Translate Behavioral Neuroscience Into Public Health Advances
Antons, S., Müller, S. M., Liebherr, M., & Brand, M. (2020) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-020-00216-3 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Robles, B., Kuo, T., & Galván, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.714236 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Sheline, Y. I., Thase, M. E., Hembree, E. A., Balderston, N. L., Nitchie, F. J., Batzdorf, A. S., Makhoul, W., & Lynch, K. G. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-02945-x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Chao, A. M., Agarwal, K., Zhou, Y., Grilo, C. M., Gur, R. C., Joseph, P. V., Shinohara, R. T., Richmond, T. S., & Wadden, T. A. (2024) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.24244 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Pines, A. R., Stetz, P. C., Goldstein‐Piekarski, A. N., Xiao, L., Lv, N., Tozzi, L., Lavori, P. W., Snowden, M. B., Venditti, E. M., et al. (2024) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adh3172 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Exploring transferability in psychiatric interventions: a conceptual framework
Nejati, V. (2024) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-024-02840-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Rubart, A., Hohagen, F., & Zurowski, B. (2018) · PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.1055/a-0598-4972 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Towards a Neuroscience-Informed Coaching Practice: Opportunities and Limitations
McKay, S. M., & Smith, S. C. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-79952-6_21 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Müller, T., Krug, S., Kayali, Ö., Leichter, E., Jahn, N., Winter, L., Krüger, T. H. C., Kahl, K. G., Sinke, C., & Heitland, I. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1479283 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Cognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Inflexibility and Perseveration in Neuropsychiatric Illness
Weisholtz, D. S., Sullivan, J. F., Nelson, A. P., Daffner, K. R., & Silbersweig, D. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803676-1.00010-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zhu, M., Guo, Z., Liu, J., Guo, Y., Dong, J., Ma, J., & Chen, X. (2025) · Clinical Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1097/wnf.0000000000000630 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Trying to name what doesn't change: Neural nonresponse to Cognitive Therapy for depression
Strege, M. V., Richey, J. A., & Siegle, G. J. (2023) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291723000727 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Neuroimaging and Circuit Mechanisms of Depression
Romer, A. L., Bertocci, M. A., Phillips, M. L., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2025) · doi:10.1093/med/9780197640654.003.0029 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Detecting depression in different stages of Alzheimer using PET imaging
Dwivedi, P., Chopra, J., & Bhatia, M. (2021) · International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence) · doi:10.1109/confluence51648.2021.9376887 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lv, N., Lefferts, W. K., Xiao, L., Goldstein‐Piekarski, A. N., Wielgosz, J., Lavori, P. W., Simmons, J. M., Smyth, J. M., Stetz, P. C., Venditti, E. M., et al. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-53210/v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Choi, S., & Kim, D.-J. (2024) · Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives · doi:10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0116 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Social cognition and interactive training for first-episode, drug-naïve MDD patients
Li, J., Li, R., Li, D., Ji, S. S., Luo, X., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1566811 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Closeness and distance. Therapists’ experiences of video consultations in mental health care
Sjølie, H., Gullslett, M. K., & Larsen, F. (2025) · BMC Digital Health · doi:10.1186/s44247-025-00210-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bertocci, M. A., & Phillips, M. L. (2017) · doi:10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0025 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhang, W., Chen, L.-T., Xu, N., Ke, F., Lan, L., Li, L., Liu, W., & Chen, X. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241286941 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Yokoyama, S. (2024) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0026.v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Borgers, T., Zwiky, E., Klug, M., Enneking, V., Fisch, L., Klein, L., Neutz, L., Leehr, E. J., Opel, N., König, P., et al. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/36prt · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Verma, M. (2020) · University of Western Ontario Medical Journal · doi:10.5206/uwomj.v88i2.7300
Hayden, B. Y. (2019) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.733021173.793565474
Bresser, T. (2024) · doi:10.5463/thesis.621
McCurry, K. L., Brown, V. M., Bansal, V., Goyal, S., Casas, B., & Chiu, P. H. (2026) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.06.027
- Authors
- Franklin, G., Carson, A. J., & Welch, K. A.
- Affiliations
- Royal Edinburgh Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Welch, Killian A.
- ORCID
- Carson, Alan J
- Venue
- Acta Neuropsychiatrica
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2015-06-30
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 61-74
- ISSN
- 0924-2708 (ISSN-L)
- 1601-5215
- OpenAlex
- W1839062540
- Semantic Scholar
- c1d6a8921ba43dab6a1e7710dfc78bd0f1f067db
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 0.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Acta Neuropsychiatrica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy, depression, neuroimaging, therapeutic mechanisms, anterior cingulate cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, resting-state brain activity, functional MRI, positron emission tomography
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Depression, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Functional Neuroimaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
