A critical review of predefined diet quality scores
Open accessAbstract
The literature on predefined indexes of overall diet quality is reviewed. Their association with nutrient adequacy and health outcome is considered, but our primary interest is in the make-up of the scores. In total, twenty different indexes have been reviewed, four of which have gained most attention, and many others were based on those four. The various scores differ in many respects, such as the items included, the cut-off values used, and the exact method of scoring, indicating that many arbitrary choices have been made. Correlations in intake between dietary components may not be adequately addressed. In general, diet quality scores show an association with mortality or disease risk, but these relations are generally modest. Existing indexes do not predict morbidity or mortality significantly better than individual dietary factors. Although conclusions from the review may provide guidance in the construction of a diet quality score, it is questionable whether a dietary score can be obtained that is a much better predictor of health outcome.
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A relationship between healthier diets with nutrient adequacy and better muscle mass outcomes has been suggested.
“In relation to diet as a modifiable factor, a relationship between healthier diets with nutrient adequacy and better muscle mass outcomes has been suggested [12].”
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- Authors
- Waijers, P. M. C. M., Feskens, E. J. M., & Ocké, M. C.
- Affiliations
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Waijers, Patricia M. C. M.
- Ocké, Marga C.
- Venue
- British Journal Of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2007-02
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 219-231
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- OpenAlex
- W2098538096
- Cited by
- 675
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 63 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 3.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Rivm Repository (Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Nutrition, Health, and Society Studies
- Keywords
- diet quality index, nutritional adequacy, dietary assessment, cut-off values, health outcome prediction, mortality, disease risk
- MeSH terms
- Diet, Dietary Fats, Energy Metabolism, Fatty Acids, Food, Food Analysis, Health Status, Humans, Risk Factors, Nutrition Assessment, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Diet, Mediterranean
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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