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Cited by 187Nutritional Studies and DietSleep and related disordersCircadian rhythm and melatonin

The associations between chronotype, a healthy diet and obesity

Maukonen, Mirkka, Kanerva, Noora, Partonen, Timo, Kronholm, Erkki, Konttinen, Hanna, Wennman, Heini, Männistö, Satu·2016·Chronobiology International
DOI 10.1080/07420528.2016.1183022
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Abstract

Unhealthy diet has been associated with obesity. Evening type has been associated with unhealthier food and nutrient intake that could predict a higher risk of obesity among them as compared to morning type. However, thus far no study has examined the interrelationships between chronotype, a healthy diet and obesity. We examined whether a healthy diet mediates the association between chronotype and obesity and whether chronotype modifies the association between a healthy and obesity. The National FINRISK 2007 Study included 4421 subjects aged 25-74 years. Diet was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Baltic Sea diet score (BSDS), including nine dietary components, was used as a measure of adherence to a healthy Nordic diet. Weight, height, body fat percentage and waist circumference were measured, and body mass index values were calculated. Chronotype was assessed using a shortened version of Horne and Östberg's morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ). The sum score calculated from MEQ was either used as a continuous variable or divided into tertiles of which the lowest tertile demonstrated evening preference and the highest tertile demonstrated morning preference. A series of regression analyses were conducted to determine whether the BSDS mediates the association between chronotype and obesity. Likelihood ratio test was used to determine whether chronotype modifies the association between the BSDS and the obesity measures. After testing the interaction, chronotype-stratified analysis for the association between the BSDS and obesity measures was determined by linear regression. Generally, the evening types had lower adherence to the BSDS and were more often smokers (men), physically inactive and had lower perceived health than the other chronotypes (p < 0.05). The poorer health behavior of this group, however, was not manifested in their obesity measures, and no evidence that the BSDS would mediate the association between chronotype and obesity was found (p > 0.05). No evidence that chronotype would modify the association between the BSDS and obesity was found either (p > 0.05).

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  • In FINRISK 2007, evening types had lower adherence to the Baltic Sea dietary pattern and were more likely to be smokers, physically inactive, and have lower perceived health than other chronotypes.

    “Evening types were found to have a lower adherence to the Baltic Sea dietary pattern and were more likely to be smokers, physically inactive, and have lower perceived health than other chronotypes (73).”

    From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [73]

  • Inverse associations between later bedtime, wake time, or midpoint of sleep and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity or sedentary behavior have been noted.

    “Inverse associations between later bedtime, wake time, or midpoint of sleep and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity or sedentary behavior have been noted in other studies (73, 105).”

    From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [73]

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Authors
Maukonen, M., Kanerva, N., Partonen, T., Kronholm, E., Konttinen, H., Wennman, H., & Männistö, S.
Affiliations
  • Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
  • University of Helsinki (FI)
Corresponding author
Maukonen, Mirkka
ORCID
Venue
Chronobiology International
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2016-05-31
Volume
33
Issue
8
Pages
972-981
ISSN
  • 0742-0528 (ISSN-L)
  • 1525-6073
DOI
10.1080/07420528.2016.1183022
OpenAlex
W2415123277
Cited by
187
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1
FWCI
7.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Chronobiology International (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Academy of Finland (136895 and 263836)
  • Juho Vainio Foundation (201610102)
  • Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation (6454)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Keywords
chronotype, obesity, healthy eating, eveningness, morningness, mediation, interaction, body mass index, physical inactivity, smoking, health perception
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Circadian Rhythm, Data Collection, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Female, Finland, Food Preferences, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Surveys and Questionnaires

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