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Phytanic acid: measurement of plasma concentrations by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and associations with diet and other plasma fatty acids
Open accessAbstract
Epidemiological data suggest that a diet rich in animal foods may be associated with an increased risk of several cancers, including cancers of the prostate, colorectum and breast, but the possible mechanism is unclear. It is hypothesised that phytanic acid, a C20 branched-chain fatty acid found predominantly in foods from ruminant animals, may be involved in early cancer development because it has been shown to up regulate activity of alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase, an enzyme commonly found to be over-expressed in tumour cells compared with normal tissue. However, little is known about the distribution of plasma phytanic acid concentrations or its dietary determinants in the general population. The primary aim of the present cross-sectional study was to determine circulating phytanic acid concentrations among ninety-six meat-eating, lacto-ovo-vegetarian and vegan women, aged 20-69 years, recruited into the Oxford component of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Oxford). Meat-eaters had, on average, a 6.7-fold higher geometric mean plasma phytanic acid concentration than the vegans (5.77 v. 0.86 micromol/l; P < 0.0001) and a 47 % higher mean concentration than the vegetarians (5.77 v. 3.93 micromol/l; P = 0.016). The strongest determinant of plasma phytanic acid concentration appeared to be dairy fat intake (r 0.68; P < 0.0001); phytanic acid levels were not associated with age or other lifestyle factors. These data show that a diet high in fat from dairy products is associated with increased plasma phytanic acid concentration, which may play a role in cancer development.
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Fatty acids have been used as surrogate biomarkers of dairy product and fish intake.
“fatty acids for dairy products and fish (22,24)”
From The food metabolome: a window over dietary exposure (2014) · cites this paper as [22]
Amino acids and fatty acids have been used as surrogate biomarkers of meat intake.
“amino acids and fatty acids for meat (22,23)”
From The food metabolome: a window over dietary exposure (2014) · cites this paper as [22]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Allen, N. E., Grace, P. B., Ginn, A., Travis, R. C., Roddam, A. W., Appleby, P. N., & Key, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Key, Timothy
- Venue
- British Journal Of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 653-659
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- OpenAlex
- W2006381997
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 5.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Cancer Research UK
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Keywords
- phytanic acid, plasma fatty acids, branched-chain fatty acids, meat consumption, vegetarian diet, vegan diet, AMACR, cancer risk, women
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aging, Anthropometry, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dairy Products, Diet, Fatty Acids, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Life Style, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Middle Aged, Phytanic Acid, Diet, Vegetarian
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