Behavioural sensitization to daily life stress in psychosis
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recent neurobiological models provide a possible mechanism of daily life stress directly affecting the intensity of psychotic experiences in vulnerable individuals. In order to validate such a mechanism, the impact of daily life stress on psychosis intensity was investigated in two groups at increased risk of onset (relatives) and relapse (patients) of psychosis. METHOD: Patients with psychosis in a clinical state of remission (n = 42), first-degree relatives (n = 47), and control subjects (n = 49) were studied with the Experiencing Sampling Method (ESM is a structured diary technique assessing current context and psychopathology in daily life) to assess (1) appraised subjective stress related to daily activities and events, and (2) intensity of subtle psychotic experiences in daily life. RESULTS: Multilevel regression analyses revealed significant increases in psychosis intensity associated with increases in subjective activity--and event-related stress in patients. First-degree relatives reported increases in psychosis intensity in relation to activity-related stress but not event-related stress. No association was found in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects at increased risk for psychosis show continuous variation in the intensity of subtle psychotic experiences associated with minor stresses in the flow of daily life. Behavioural sensitization to environmental stress may therefore be a vulnerability marker for schizophrenia, reflecting dopaminergic hyper-responsivity in response to environmental stimuli.
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The level of distress experienced is proportional to the intensity of psychotic symptoms reported.
“This phenomenon may be explained in part by the fact that the level of distress experienced is proportional to the intensity of psychotic symptoms reported (41).”
From Mobile intervention for individuals with psychosis, dual disorders, and their common comorbidities: A literature review (2019) · cites this paper as [41]
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“1651 psychotic disorder display greater psychosis reactivity to small daily stressors compared to healthy controls, as do their first-degree relatives, albeit to a lesser extent (Myin-Germeys et al. 2005).”
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“The items had a good internal consistency (Cronbach's α=.74) and their validity was previously demonstrated (Myin-Germeys et al., 2005).”
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“Individuals at risk for psychotic episodes, for instance, may be more likely to experience psychosis when exposed to minor stressors on a day-to-day basis as opposed to intense extraordinary types of stress (Myin-Germeys et al. 2005).”
BackgroundThe Fragile Brain: Stress Vulnerability, Negative Affect and GABAergic Neurocircuits in Psychosis
Taylor, S. F., Grove, T. B., Ellingrod, V. L., & Tso, I. F. (2019) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbz046 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Inflammation Theories in Psychotic Disorders: A Critical Review
Suvisaari, J., & Mantere, O. (2013) · Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/18715265112129990032 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“People with psychotic disorder or psychotic-like symptoms are known to be more sensitive to stress, and daily life stress is associated with increase in the intensity of psychotic symptoms [104].”
BackgroundLee, G., Choi, B., Ahn, C. R., & Lee, S. H. (2020) · Journal of Management in Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000753 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Mackie, C. J., O’Leary-Barrett, M., Al-Khudhairy, N., Ryan, N. C., Struve, M., Topper, L., & Conrod, P. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329171200205x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“Sensitization refers to the phenomenon that repeated exposure to an environmental stressor leads to progressively greater responses over time (Myin-Germeys et al. 2005; Collip et al. 2008; Varese et al. 2011).”
BackgroundLoore, E. D., Drukker, M., Günther, N., FERON, F. J. M., Deboutte, D., Sabbe, B., Mengelers, R., van Os, J., & Myin‐Germeys, I. (2007) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7893.2007.00027.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationValmaggia, L., Day, F., & Rus‐Calafell, M. (2016) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-016-1245-0 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Elevated Striatal Dopamine Function in Immigrants and Their Children: A Risk Mechanism for Psychosis
Egerton, A., Howes, O. D., Houle, S., McKenzie, K. J., Valmaggia, L., Bagby, M. R., Tseng, H., Bloomfield, M., Kenk, M., Bhattacharyya, S., et al. (2016) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw181 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Hippocampal volume as marker of daily life stress sensitivity in psychosis
Collip, D., Habets, P., Marcelis, M., Gronenschild, E., Lataster, T., Lardinois, M., Nicolson, N. A., & Myin-Germeys, I. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329171200219x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Patients with a psychotic disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives have been found to display increased negative emotions and an increase in psychotic experiences (Myin-Germeys et al. 2001, 2005).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAas, M., Kauppi, K., Brandt, C. L., Tesli, M., Kaufmann, T., Steen, N. E., Agartz, I., Westlye, L. T., Andreassen, O. A., & Melle, I. S. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716002762 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“It is also well documented that childhood trauma is important for the development of stress sensitization and consequent emotional reactivity to daily stress in adult life (Myin-Germeys et al. 2001, 2005), including increase in negative emotion (Myin-Germeys et al. 2001; Glaser et al. 2006).”
BackgroundPathways from Cannabis to Psychosis: A Review of the Evidence
Burns, J. K. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00128 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“In terms of dopamine sensitization, the individual eventually reaches a lasting state of dopamine dysregulation (36, 37).”
BackgroundMedial Frontal Hyperactivity in Reality Distortion
Taylor, S. F., Welsh, R. C., Chen, A. C., Velander, A. J., & Liberzon, I. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.11.029 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Amygdalar enlargement associated with unique perception
Asari, T., Konishi, S., Jimura, K., Chikazoe, J., Nakamura, N., & Miyashita, Y. (2008) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2008.08.001 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“Interference by emotion in perceptual processes ranges from everyday instances such as biased judgment in emotional situations (Mayer et al., 1992) to pathological instances such as exacerbation of hallucinatory symptoms under emotional stress in psychotic patients (Myin-Germeys et al., 2005).”
BackgroundCastro, M. N., Vigo, D. E., Chu, E. M.-Y., Fahrer, R. D., de Achával, D., Costanzo, E. Y., Leiguarda, R. C., Nogués, M. A., Cardinali, D. P., & Guinjoan, S. M. (2009) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.12.026 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Kuipers, J., Moffa, G., Kuipers, E., Freeman, D., & Bebbington, P. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718000879 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“In particular, Experience Sampling Methodology studies have found that clear affective responses to minor stress were paralleled by moment-to-moment variation in psychotic phenomena (Myin-Germeys et al. 2001, 2005; Delespaul et al. 2002; Myin-Germeys & van Os, 2007).”
Peerbooms, O., Rutten, B. P. F., Collip, D., Lardinois, M., Lataster, T., Thewissen, V., Rad, S. M., Drukker, M., Kenis, G., van Os, J., et al. (2011) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01806.x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“This supports the use of the ESM psychosis phenotype in healthy control groups as applied in previous studies (35, 41) and suggests that the current findings may index biological differences between the patient and control group that have yet to be determined.”
MethodSelf-citationGene-Environment Interactions Underlying the Effect of Cannabis in First Episode Psychosis
Pelayo‐Terán, J. M., Suárez‐Pinilla, P., Chadi, N., & Crespo‐Facorro, B. (2012) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161212802884609 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Psychotic reactivity to stress may result from a sensitization process through which previous exposure to stress sensitizes people to stresses of daily life [100].”
BackgroundPries, L.-K., Klingenberg, B., Menne‐Lothmann, C., Decoster, J., van Winkel, R., Collip, D., Delespaul, P., Hert, M. D., Derom, C. A., Thiery, E. W., et al. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/acps.13158 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationStigma and need for care in individuals who hear voices
Vilhauer, R. P. (2017) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764016675888 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Terminology and assessment tools of psychosis: A systematic narrative review
Seiler, N., Nguyen, T., Yung, A. R., & O'Donoghue, B. N. (2019) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12966 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Wu, Z., Zou, Z., Wang, F., Xiang, Z., Zhu, M., Long, Y., Tao, H., Palaniyappan, L. K., & Liu, Z. (2021) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152274 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
van Os, J., Lataster, T., Delespaul, P., Wichers, M., & Myin‐Germeys, I. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086652 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Genetic risk for psychotic disorder is mediated in part by enhanced momentary aberrant salience in response to momentary stress in the flow of daily life [55], and enhanced momentary negative affective response to stress in daily life [34,82,83]”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationLataster, T., Myin‐Germeys, I., Derom, C. A., Thiery, E. W., & van Os, J. (2009) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30933 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“…in the DA system [van Os et al., 2008], including increased DA synaptic availability [Hirvonen et al., 2005], increased striatal DA synthesis [Meyer-Lindenberg et al., 2002; Huttunen et al., 2008], and increased DA reactivity to stress [Myin-Germeys et al., 2005a; Brunelin et al., 2008].”
BackgroundSelf-citationBooij, S. H., Snippe, E., Jeronimus, B. F., Wichers, M., & Wigman, J. T. W. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.051 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Coping as a mediator of stress and psychotic-like experiences
Ered, A., Gibson, L. E., Maxwell, S. D., Cooper, S., & Ellman, L. M. (2017) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.327 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Though perceived stress and traumatic life events have long been studied in relation to psychosis risk [4,8,9], few studies have explored the potential contributions of coping to this association.”
BackgroundCarrà, G., Crocamo, C., Angermeyer, M. C., Brugha, T. S., Toumi, M., & Bebbington, P. (2018) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.08.018 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Experience sampling studies indicate that it is highly probable that causal interactions between psychological processes actually occur over periods of hours or days (Myin-Germeys et al. 2005; Delespaul et al., 2002).”
BackgroundVilardaga, R., Hayes, S. C., Atkins, D. C., Bresee, C., & Kambiz, A. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.04.003 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Pituitary volume, stress reactivity and genetic risk for psychotic disorder
Habets, P., Collip, D., Myin-Germeys, I., Gronenschild, E., van Bronswijk, S., Hofman, P., Lataster, T., Lardinois, M., Nicolson, N. A., van Os, J., et al. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711002728 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“2001) and psychotic experiences (Myin-Germeys et al. 2005).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCulbert, K. M., Thakkar, K. N., & Klump, K. L. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291722001143 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Wigman, J. T. W., Collip, D., Wichers, M., Delespaul, P., Derom, C. A., Thiery, E. W., Vollebergh, W., Lataster, T., Jacobs, N., Myin‐Germeys, I., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054653 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“childhood trauma) [19] environmental adversity as well as with the level of familial vulnerability for expression of psychosis [20,21].”
Self-citation
- Authors
- MYIN-GERMEYS, I., DELESPAUL, P., & VAN OS, J.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2005-01-05
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 733-741
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W2142678392
- Cited by
- 292
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 10.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- psychosis, daily stress, behavioral sensitization, first-degree relatives, schizophrenia, vulnerability indicators, relapse risk
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Periodicity, Psychotic Disorders, Regression Analysis, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological
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