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Neuropsychological function and suicidal behavior: attention control, memory and executive dysfunction in suicide attempt
Open accessAbstract
Background: Executive dysfunction, distinct from other cognitive deficits in depression, has been associated with suicidal behavior. However, this dysfunction is not found consistently across samples. Method: Medication-free subjects with DSM-IV major depressive episode (major depressive disorder and bipolar type I disorder) and a past history of suicidal behavior ( n = 72) were compared to medication-free depressed subjects with no history of suicidal behavior ( n = 80) and healthy volunteers ( n = 56) on a battery of tests assessing neuropsychological functions typically affected by depression (motor and psychomotor speed, attention, memory) and executive functions reportedly impaired in suicide attempters (abstract/contingent learning, working memory, language fluency, impulse control). Results: All of the depressed subjects performed worse than healthy volunteers on motor, psychomotor and language fluency tasks. Past suicide attempters, in turn, performed worse than depressed non-attempters on attention and memory/working memory tasks [a computerized Stroop task, the Buschke Selective Reminding Task (SRT), the Benton Visual Retention Test (VRT) and an N-back task] but not on other executive function measures, including a task associated with ventral prefrontal function (Object Alternation). Deficits were not accounted for by current suicidal ideation or the lethality of past attempts. A small subsample of those using a violent method in their most lethal attempt showed a pattern of poor executive performance. Conclusions: Deficits in specific components of attention control, memory and working memory were associated with suicidal behavior in a sample where non-violent attempt predominated. Broader executive dysfunction in depression may be associated with specific forms of suicidal behavior, rather than suicidal behavior per se .
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“Memory deficits in suicide attempters include impaired working memory and long-term memory and a shift from specific to more general autobiographical memory (18, 23).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Keilp, J. G., Gorlyn, M., Russell, M., Oquendo, M. A., Burke, A. K., Harkavy-Friedman, J., & Mann, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Keilp, J. G.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2012-07-10
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 539-551
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- PMC
- PMC3767483
- OpenAlex
- W2021112574
- Cited by
- 350
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 12
- FWCI
- 23.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH62155, R01MH059710, R01MH062155, MH 59710, P50MH062185)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- suicide attempts, executive dysfunction, attentional control, working memory, memory, major depressive disorder, bipolar I disorder, neuropsychological deficits, Stroop task, Benton Visual Retention Test, n-back task, language fluency, psychomotor speed, violent suicide methods, suicidal ideation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Bipolar Disorder, Cognition Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychomotor Performance, Risk Factors, Suicide, Attempted, Violence, Models, Statistical, Young Adult, Executive Function, Suicidal Ideation
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