The 5% difference: early sensory processing predicts sarcasm perception in schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder
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Background: Intact sarcasm perception is a crucial component of social cognition and mentalizing (the ability to understand the mental state of oneself and others). In sarcasm, tone of voice is used to negate the literal meaning of an utterance. In particular, changes in pitch are used to distinguish between sincere and sarcastic utterances. Schizophrenia patients show well-replicated deficits in auditory function and functional connectivity (FC) within and between auditory cortical regions. In this study we investigated the contributions of auditory deficits to sarcasm perception in schizophrenia. Method: Auditory measures including pitch processing, auditory emotion recognition (AER) and sarcasm detection were obtained from 76 patients with schizophrenia/schizo-affective disorder and 72 controls. Resting-state FC (rsFC) was obtained from a subsample and was analyzed using seeds placed in both auditory cortex and meta-analysis-defined core-mentalizing regions relative to auditory performance. Results: Patients showed large effect-size deficits across auditory measures. Sarcasm deficits correlated significantly with general functioning and impaired pitch processing both across groups and within the patient group alone. Patients also showed reduced sensitivity to alterations in mean pitch and variability. For patients, sarcasm discrimination correlated exclusively with the level of rsFC within primary auditory regions whereas for controls, correlations were observed exclusively within core-mentalizing regions (the right posterior superior temporal gyrus, anterior superior temporal sulcus and insula, and left posterior medial temporal gyrus). Conclusions: These findings confirm the contribution of auditory deficits to theory of mind (ToM) impairments in schizophrenia, and demonstrate that FC within auditory, but not core-mentalizing, regions is rate limiting with respect to sarcasm detection in schizophrenia.
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Deficits in tone matching contribute significantly to communications such as sarcasm that require patients to appreciate what another person may be thinking (theory of mind).
“as well as to communications such as sarcasm that require patients to appreciate what another person may be thinking (76, 77), a trait called “theory of mind”, a form of empathy.”
From Sensory Processing Dysfunction in the Personal Experience and Neuronal Machinery of Schizophrenia (2015) · cites this paper as [77]
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Sensory Processing Dysfunction in the Personal Experience and Neuronal Machinery of Schizophrenia
Javitt, D. C., & Freedman, R. (2015) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13121691 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Kantrowitz, J. T., Hoptman, M. J., Leitman, D. I., Silipo, G., & Javitt, D. C.
- Affiliations
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kantrowitz, J. T.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2013-04-24
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 25-36
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- PMC
- PMC3855910
- OpenAlex
- W2125870861
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8
- FWCI
- 4.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Genentech
- National Institute of Mental Health (R37MH049334, R37MH49334, R01MH084848, P50MH086385, K01MH094689, R01MH064783, R01MH049334, R21MH084031)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA03383, R01DA003383)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024156)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, auditory deficits, pitch processing, auditory emotion recognition, resting-state functional connectivity, theory of mind, mentalization, social cognition, auditory cortex, posterior superior temporal gyrus, insula
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Brain, Emotions, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Neural Pathways, Pitch Perception, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Social Perception, Speech Perception, Case-Control Studies, Pattern Recognition, Physiological, Young Adult, Theory of Mind, Functional Neuroimaging
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