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The 12,460-Year Hohenheim Oak and Pine Tree-Ring Chronology from Central Europe—A Unique Annual Record for Radiocarbon Calibration and Paleoenvironment Reconstructions
Open accessAbstract
The combined oak and pine tree-ring chronologies of Hohenheim University are the backbone of the Holocene radiocarbon calibration for central Europe. Here, we present the revised Holocene oak chronology (HOC) and the Preboreal pine chronology (PPC) with respect to revisions, critical links, and extensions. Since 1998, the HOC has been strengthened by new trees starting at 10,429 BP (8480 BC). Oaks affected by cockchafer have been identified and discarded from the chronology. The formerly floating PPC has been cross-matched dendrochronologically to the absolutely dated oak chronology, which revealed a difference of only 8 yr to the published 14 C wiggle-match position used for IntCal98. The 2 parts of the PPC, which were linked tentatively at 11,250 BP, have been revised and strengthened by new trees, which enabled us to link both parts of the PPC dendrochronologically. Including the 8-yr shift of the oak-pine link, the older part of the PPC (pre-11,250 BP) needs to be shifted 70 yr to older ages with respect to the published data (Spurk 1998). The southern German part of the PPC now covers 2103 yr from 11,993–9891 BP (10,044–7942 BC). In addition, the PPC was extended significantly by new pine chronologies from other regions. A pine chronology from Avenches and Zürich, Switzerland, and another from the Younger Dryas forest of Cottbus, eastern Germany, could be crossdated and dendrochronologically matched to the PPC. The absolutely dated tree-ring chronology now extends back to 12,410 cal BP (10,461 BC). Therefore, the tree-ring-based 14 C calibration now reaches back into the Central Younger Dryas. With respect to the Younger Dryas-Preboreal transition identified in the ring width of our pines at 11,590 BP, the absolute tree-ring chronology now covers the entire Holocene and 820 yr of the Younger Dryas.
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A major inter-comparison exercise using late glacial floating kauri tree-ring sequences resulted in a 14C wiggle-match, with correction for interhemispheric offset, to the European Preboreal Pine (PPC) chronology.
“Amajor inter-comparison exercise using late glacial floating kauri tree-ring sequences (Hogg et al. 2016) resulted in a 14 Cwiggle-match, with correction for the interhemispheric offset, to the European Preboreal Pine (PPC) chronology (Friedrich et al. 2004).”
From The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP) (2020) · cites this paper as Friedrich et al. 2004
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Cites
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IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0–50,000 years cal BP
Reimer, P. J., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Ramsey, C. B., Buck, C. E., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., et al. (2013) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16947 · Cited by 14,591
Self-citationThe IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP)
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“A major inter-comparison exercise using late glacial floating kauri tree-ring sequences (Hogg et al. 2016) resulted in a 14 C wiggle-match, with correction for the interhemispheric offset, to the European Preboreal Pine (PPC) chronology (Friedrich et al. 2004).”
BackgroundSelf-citationIntCal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration curves, 0–50,000 years cal BP
Reimer, P. J., Baillie, M. G. L., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Buck, C. E., Burr, G. S., Edwards, R. L., et al. (2009) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200034202 · Cited by 4,290
Self-citationThe WAIS Divide deep ice core WD2014 chronology – Part 2: Annual-layer counting (0–31 ka BP)
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The AD775 cosmic event revisited: the Sun is to blame
Usoskin, I. G., Kromer, B., Ludlow, F., Beer, J., Friedrich, M., Kovaltsov, G. A., Solanki, S. K., & Wacker, L. (2013) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321080 · Cited by 235
Self-citationAtmospheric 14C variations derived from tree rings during the early Younger Dryas
Hua, Q., Barbetti, M., Fink, D., Kaiser, K. F., Friedrich, M., Kromer, B., Levchenko, V. A., Zoppi, U., Smith, A. M., & Bertuch, F. (2009) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.08.013 · Cited by 96
Self-citationTree-rings reveal two strong solar proton events in 7176 and 5259 BCE
Brehm, N., Christl, M., Knowles, T. D. J., Casanova, E., Evershed, R. P., Adolphi, F., Muscheler, R., Synal, H.-A., Mekhaldi, F., Paleari, C. I., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28804-9 · Cited by 70
Adolphi, F., Muscheler, R., Friedrich, M., Güttler, D., Wacker, L., Talamo, S., & Kromer, B. (2017) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.06.026 · Cited by 73
Self-citationKaiser, K. F., Friedrich, M., Miramont, C., Kromer, B., Sgier, M., Schaub, M., Boeren, I., Remmele, S., Talamo, S., Guibal, F., et al. (2012) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.07.009 · Cited by 56
Self-citationSookdeo, A., Kromer, B., Büntgen, U., Friedrich, M., Friedrich, R., Helle, G., Pauly, M., Nievergelt, D., Reinig, F., Treydte, K., et al. (2020) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2019.132 · Cited by 44
Self-citationHogg, A., Turney, C., Palmer, J., Southon, J., Kromer, B., Ramsey, C. B., Boswijk, G., Fenwick, P., Noronha, A., Staff, R., et al. (2013) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.2458/azu_js_rc.v55i2.16217 · Cited by 44
Self-citationIntCal20 Tree Rings: An Archaeological Swot Analysis
Bayliss, A., Marshall, P., Dee, M. W., Friedrich, M., Heaton, T. J., & Wacker, L. (2020) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2020.77 · Cited by 40
Self-citationMediterranean radiocarbon offsets and calendar dates for prehistory
Manning, S. W., Kromer, B., Cremaschi, M., Dee, M. W., Friedrich, R., Griggs, C., & Hadden, C. S. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaz1096 · Cited by 41
Self-citationDecadally resolved Lateglacial radiocarbon evidence from New Zealand kauri
Hogg, A., Southon, J., Turney, C., Palmer, J., Ramsey, C. B., Fenwick, P., Boswijk, G., Büntgen, U., Friedrich, M., Helle, G., et al. (2016) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2016.86 · Cited by 33
Self-citationComparison of 14C and U-Th Ages in Corals from IODP #310 Cores Offshore Tahiti
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Self-citationIlluminating IntCal during the Younger Dryas
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“The “Holocene Oak Chronology” by Becker (1993), together with the “Preboreal Pine Chronology” from Central Europe represent the longest absolutely dated tree-ring record securely extending back to 12,325 cal BP (PPC; Spurk et al. 1998; Friedrich et al. 1999, 2004; Reinig et al. 2018a).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAnnual 14C Tree-Ring Data Around 400 AD: Mid- and High-Latitude Records
Friedrich, R., Kromer, B., Sirocko, F., Esper, J., Lindauer, S., Nievergelt, D., Heussner, K. U., & Westphal, T. (2019) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2019.34 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Friedrich, M., Remmele, S., Kromer, B., Hofmann, J., Spurk, M., Felix Kaiser, K., Orcel, C., & Küppers, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Hohenheim (DE)
- Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (DE)
- Laboratoire Romand de Dendrochronologie (CH)
- Venue
- Radiocarbon
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2004
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1111-1122
- ISSN
- 0033-8222 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-5755
- OpenAlex
- W1942153202
- Semantic Scholar
- ee5cdbdcc4acedc19fa219985e97e5df4c1832f7
- Cited by
- 298
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 6.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Radiocarbon (publishedVersion)
- UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) (acceptedVersion)
- DORA WSL (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Tree-ring climate responses
- Social Sciences › Archeology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Keywords
- tree-ring chronology, Holocene, Younger Dryas, Preboreal, radiocarbon calibration, Central Europe, paleoenvironmental reconstruction
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