The New Zealand Kauri (Agathis Australis) Research Project: A Radiocarbon Dating Intercomparison of Younger Dryas Wood and Implications for IntCal13
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Wc describe here the New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis) Younger Dryas (YD) research project, which aims to undertake Δ 14 C analysis of ∼140 decadal floating wood samples spanning the time interval ∼13.1–11.7 kyr cal BP. We report 14 C intercomparison measurements being undertaken by the carbon dating laboratories at University of Waikato (Wk), University of California at Irvine (UCI), and University of Oxford (OxA). The Wk, UCI, and OxA laboratories show very good agreement with an interlaboratory comparison of 12 successive decadal kauri samples (average offsets from consensus values of –7 to +4 14 C yr). A University of Waikato/University of Heidelberg (HD) intercomparison involving measurement of the YD-age Swiss larch tree Ollon505, shows a HD/Wk offset of ∼10–20 14 C yr (HD younger), and strong evidence that the positioning of the Ollon505 series is incorrect, with a recommendation that the 14 C analyses be removed from the IntCal calibration database.
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In several instances including this one, detailed new measurements of time intervals with AMS 14C have indicated slightly older 14C ages.
“As noted, in several instances including this one, detailed new measurements of time intervals with AMS 14C have indicated slightly older 14C ages1,2,10,38,39,43–48.”
From Radiocarbon offsets and old world chronology as relevant to Mesopotamia, Egypt, Anatolia and Thera (Santorini) (2020) · cites this paper as [45]
The Five-Laboratory intercomparison reports that repeated ETHZ measurements had mean radiocarbon ages about 30 ± 7 years younger than the initial analyses, not older. The paper also describes its new Ollon505 measurements as offset toward younger ages. Although it used AMS for some measurements, these findings run contrary to the age direction attributed to it; page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAbout 33% of the Hd offset in the first Younger Dryas wood comparison is attributable to one outlying date for mid-ring 376.5.
“~33% of the Hd offset is attributable to one outlying date: for mid-ring 376.5”
From Mediterranean radiocarbon offsets and calendar dates for prehistory (2020) · cites this paper as [43]
Table 1 of the initial kauri intercomparison reports an HD difference of 52 ± 53 radiocarbon years at mid-ring 376.5 and an average HD offset of 8 years. The paper discusses an HD offset, but the passages do not identify that date as an outlier or attribute about 33% of the offset to it. (LLM, conf=0.80)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the first Younger Dryas wood comparison, Hd data were slightly the youngest on average but within 12 to 26 14C years of the three AMS 14C laboratories and 11 14C years of the LSC laboratory, with all values overlapping substantially within respective population SEs.
“In the first case, the Hd data were slightly the youngest on average but within 12 to 26 14C years of the three AMS 14C laboratories and 11 14C years of the liquid scintillation counting (LSC) laboratory, with all values overlapping substantially within respective population SEs”
From Mediterranean radiocarbon offsets and calendar dates for prehistory (2020) · cites this paper as [43]
In the latter three cases, AMS 14C values are on average more recent than the Hd LLGPC ages.
“In the latter three cases, the AMS 14C values are, on average, more recent than the Hd LLGPC ages [contrary to the findings in the comparison in (43)].”
From Mediterranean radiocarbon offsets and calendar dates for prehistory (2020) · cites this paper as [43]
In the second Younger Dryas wood comparison, Hd data were on average 21 14C years younger than the Waikato LSC laboratory.
“In the second case, the Hd data were, on average, 21 14C years younger than the LSC laboratory (Waikato)”
From Mediterranean radiocarbon offsets and calendar dates for prehistory (2020) · cites this paper as [43]
In most work to date, no general pattern of offsets between AMS 14C measurements and LLGPC 14C measurements at Hd is apparent.
“In most work to date, no general pattern of offsets between AMS 14C measurements and LLGPC 14C measurements at Hd is apparent (19, 43–45)”
From Mediterranean radiocarbon offsets and calendar dates for prehistory (2020) · cites this paper as [43]
The Five-Laboratory intercomparison discusses a possible offset between Heidelberg and other laboratories, including AMS laboratories; it does not compare AMS with LLGPC measurements made at Heidelberg. Searches for that within-laboratory comparison found no passage addressing whether a general pattern of offsets is apparent. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Hogg, A., Turney, C., Palmer, J., Southon, J., Kromer, B., Ramsey, C. B., Boswijk, G., Fenwick, P., Noronha, A., Staff, R., Friedrich, M., Reynard, L., Guetter, D., Wacker, L., & Jones, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Waikato (NZ)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- University of Exeter (GB)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- University of Hohenheim (DE)
- Harvard University (US)
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Hogg, Alan
- ORCID
- Venue
- Radiocarbon
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 2035-2048
- ISSN
- 0033-8222 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-5755
- OpenAlex
- W2108394745
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 2.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Radiocarbon (publishedVersion)
- Research Commons (University of Waikato) (submittedVersion)
- UNSWorks (UNSW Sydney) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- University of Waikato
- Foundation for Research, Science and Technology
- University of Oxford
- University of Auckland
- International Atomic Energy Agency
- Natural Environment Research Council (NE/I007660/1, NE/H009922/1, NE/H007865/1)
- Australian Research Council (FL100100195, DP0664898)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Tree-ring climate responses
- Keywords
- Agathis australis, Younger Dryas, tree-ring radiocarbon, radiocarbon calibration, interlaboratory agreement
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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