The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 72 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A parent-directed language intervention for children of low socioeconomic status: a randomized controlled pilot study.
Open accessAbstract
We designed a parent-directed home-visiting intervention targeting socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in children's early language environments. A randomized controlled trial was used to evaluate whether the intervention improved parents' knowledge of child language development and increased the amount and diversity of parent talk. Twenty-three mother-child dyads (12 experimental, 11 control, aged 1;5-3;0) participated in eight weekly hour-long home-visits. In the experimental group, but not the control group, parent knowledge of language development increased significantly one week and four months after the intervention. In lab-based observations, parent word types and tokens and child word types increased significantly one week, but not four months, post-intervention. In home-based observations, adult word tokens, conversational turn counts, and child vocalization counts increased significantly during the intervention, but not post-intervention. The results demonstrate the malleability of child-directed language behaviors and knowledge of child language development among low-SES parents.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Sensitive responsiveness is a modi fi able risk factor that has been successfully trained in parents in randomized controlled trials and shown to improve the language development of children.”
From Parenting Behavior and Child Language: A Meta-analysis. (2019) · cites this paper as [92]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Sensitive responsiveness is a modi fi able risk factor that has been successfully trained in parents in randomized controlled trials and shown to improve the language development of children.”
From Parenting Behavior and Child Language: A Meta-analysis. (2019) · cites this paper as [92]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Sensitive responsiveness is a modi fi able risk factor that has been successfully trained in parents in randomized controlled trials and shown to improve the language development of children.”
From Parenting Behavior and Child Language: A Meta-analysis. (2019) · cites this paper as [92]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Conclusions about causality can only be made in the context of experimental studies, 58,91 -93 and approximations of causality may be derived from longitudinal designs that address directionality and temporal precedence. 94”
From Parenting Behavior and Child Language: A Meta-analysis. (2019) · cites this paper as [92]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice
(1992) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-116-4-350_1 · Cited by 13,232
Mindset: The New Psychology of Success
(2006) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.44-2397 · Cited by 7,804
Flesch, R. (1948) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0057532 · Cited by 5,391
Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experience of Young American Children
Panagos, R. J. (1998) · Remedial and Special Education · doi:10.1177/074193259801900609 · Cited by 4,183
Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experience of Young American Children
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-3435 · Cited by 4,103
Blackwell, L. S., Trzesniewski, K. H., & Dweck, C. S. (2007) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00995.x · Cited by 3,784
A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions
Abraham, C., & Michie, S. (2008) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.27.3.379 · Cited by 2,525
Hoff, E. (2003) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00612 · Cited by 2,346
Manuscripts Accepted for Publication
(2005) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00876.x · Cited by 2,051
Aronson, J., Fried, C. B., & Good, C. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1006/jesp.2001.1491 · Cited by 1,889
Whither opportunity?: rising inequality, schools, and children's life chances
(2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.49-5804 · Cited by 1,745
Rees, G. E. (1999) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027//0269-8803.13.3.199 · Cited by 1,220
What works in prevention: Principles of effective prevention programs.
Nation, M., Crusto, C., Wandersman, A., Kumpfer, K. L., Seybolt, D., Morrissey-Kane, E., & Davino, K. (2003) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.58.6-7.449 · Cited by 1,189
Good, C., Aronson, J., & Inzlicht, M. (2003) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2003.09.002 · Cited by 1,096
A picture book reading intervention in day care and home for children from low-income families.
Whitehurst, G. J. “., Arnold, D. S., Epstein, J. N., Angell, A. L., Smith, M., & Fischel, J. E. (1994) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.30.5.679 · Cited by 1,053
Hoff, E. (2013) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027238 · Cited by 976
Landry, S. H., Smith, K. E., & Swank, P. R. (2006) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.4.627 · Cited by 950
Language input and child syntax
Huttenlocher, J., Vasilyeva, M. J., Cymerman, E., & Levine, S. C. (2002) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0010-0285(02)00500-5 · Cited by 943
Self-citationEarly television exposure and subsequent attentional problems in children
Christakis, D. A., Zimmerman, F. J., DiGiuseppe, D. L., & McCarty, C. A. (2004) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.113.4.708 · Cited by 926
ROWE, M. L. (2008) · Journal of Child Language · doi:10.1017/s0305000907008343 · Cited by 904
The Effectiveness of Parent-Implemented Language Interventions: A Meta-Analysis
Roberts, M. Y., & Kaiser, A. P. (2011) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0055 · Cited by 804
Prediction of School Outcomes Based on Early Language Production and Socioeconomic Factors
Walker, D., Greenwood, C. R., Hart, B., & Carta, J. J. (1994) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00771.x · Cited by 762
The Contribution of Parenting to Ethnic and Racial Gaps in School Readiness
Jeanne Brooks-gunn, B., & Markman, L. (2005) · The Future of Children · doi:10.1353/foc.2005.0001 · Cited by 658
Outcomes of an emergent literacy intervention in Head Start.
Whitehurst, G. J., Epstein, J. N., Angel, A. L., & Payne, A. C. (1994) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-0663.86.4.542 · Cited by 627
Hart, B. M., & Risley, T. (1992) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.28.6.1096 · Cited by 595
Differences in Early Gesture Explain SES Disparities in Child Vocabulary Size at School Entry
Rowe, M. L., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1167025 · Cited by 556
Unanticipated gains: origins of network inequality in everyday life
(2010) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.47-2900 · Cited by 526
Prediction of school outcomes based on early language production and socioeconomic factors.
Walker, D., Greenwood, C., Hart, B., & Carta, J. (1994) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131404 · Cited by 519
What counts in the development of young children's number knowledge?
Levine, S. C., Suriyakham, L. W., Rowe, M. L., Huttenlocher, J., & Gunderson, E. A. (2010) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019671 · Cited by 481
Self-citationTeaching by Listening: The Importance of Adult-Child Conversations to Language Development
Zimmerman, F. J., Gilkerson, J., Richards, J. A., Christakis, D., Xu, D., Gray, S., & Yapanel, U. H. (2009) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2008-2267 · Cited by 477
Landry, S. H., Smith, K. E., Swank, P. R., & Guttentag, C. (2008) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013030 · Cited by 465
Quality of early parent input predicts child vocabulary 3 years later
Cartmill, E. A., Armstrong, B. F., Gleitman, L. R., Susan Goldin-meadow, A., Medina, T. N., & Trueswell, J. C. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1309518110 · Cited by 450
Knowledge to support the teaching of reading: preparing teachers for a changing world
(2006) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.43-5406 · Cited by 430
On reading books to children: parents and teachers
(2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-2944 · Cited by 391
The varieties of speech to young children.
Huttenlocher, J., Vasilyeva, M. J., Waterfall, H., Vevea, J. L., & Hedges, L. V. (2007) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.5.1062 · Cited by 337
Bringing It All Together: The Multiple Origins, Skills, and Environmental Supports of Early Literacy
Dickinson, D. K., & McCabe, A. (2001) · Learning Disabilities Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/0938-8982.00019 · Cited by 333
Parental Involvement and Educational Achievement
Driessen, G. W. J. M., Smit, F., & Sleegers, P. J. C. (2005) · British Educational Research Journal · doi:10.1080/01411920500148713 · Cited by 314
Halle, T., Forry, N. D., Hair, E. C., Perper, K., Wandner, L. D., Wessel, J., & Vick, J. E. (2009) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e571822009-001 · Cited by 293
Beliefs and Achievement: A Study of Black, White, and Hispanic Children
Stevenson, H. W., Chen, C., & Uttal, D. H. (1990) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02796.x · Cited by 286
Maternal Contributions: Supporting Language Development in Young Children with Cochlear Implants
DesJardin, J. L., & Eisenberg, L. S. (2007) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/aud.0b013e31806dc1ab · Cited by 281
On reading books to children: Parents and teachers.
Kleeck, A. E. V., Stahl, S. A., & Bauer, E. B. (2003) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 264
Economically disadvantaged preschoolers: Ready to learn but further to go.
Stipek, D. J., & Ryan, R. H. (1997) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.33.4.711 · Cited by 258
Teaching Parents New Skills to Support Their Young Childrenʼs Development
Kaiser, A. P., & Hancock, T. B. (2003) · Infants & Young Children · doi:10.1097/00001163-200301000-00003 · Cited by 241
Michie, S., Jochelson, K., Markham, W. A., & Bridle, C. (2009) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2008.078725 · Cited by 238
Connell, C. M., & Prinz, R. J. (2002) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0022-4405(02)00090-0 · Cited by 226
Enhancing Generalized Teaching Strategy Use in Daily Routines by Parents of Children With Autism
Kashinath, S., Woods, J. J., & Goldstein, H. (2006) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2006/036 · Cited by 223
Susan Goldin-meadow, A., Levine, S. C., Hedges, L. V., Huttenlocher, J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Small, S. L. (2014) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0036886 · Cited by 213
Self-citationStein, A., Malmberg, L. ‐., Sylva, K., Barnes, J., Leach, P., & the FCCC team (2008) · Child: Care, Health and Development · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2008.00837.x · Cited by 195
Economically disadvantaged preschoolers: Ready to learn but further to go.
Stipek, D. J., & Ryan, R. H. (1997) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.33.4.711 · Cited by 194
Beliefs and Achievement: A Study of Black, White, and Hispanic Children
Stevenson, H. W., Chen, C., & Uttal, D. H. (1990) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131111 · Cited by 186
ELICITED IMITATION AS A RESEARCH TOOL IN DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLINGUISTICS.
Slobin, D. I., & Welsh, C. (1967) · Cited by 185
Early Child Language Mediates the Relation Between Home Environment and School Readiness
Forget‐Dubois, N., Dionne, G., Lemelin, J., Pérusse, D., Tremblay, R. E., & Boivin, M. (2009) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01294.x · Cited by 175
Assessing Children’s Home Language Environments Using Automatic Speech Recognition Technology
Greenwood, C. R., Thiemann-Bourque, K. S., Walker, D., Buzhardt, J. F., & Gilkerson, J. (2010) · Communication Disorders Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1525740110367826 · Cited by 164
Child Development Knowledge and Parenting Skills
Stevens, J. H. (1984) · Family Relations · doi:10.2307/583789 · Cited by 163
Kim, E. M., & Pomerantz, E. M. (2010) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020376 · Cited by 152
Williamson, J. M., & Martin, A. G. (2010) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02408.x · Cited by 146
Quantity of Parental Language in the Home Environments of Hard-of-Hearing 2-Year-Olds
VanDam, M., Ambrose, S. E., & Moeller, M. P. (2012) · The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education · doi:10.1093/deafed/ens025 · Cited by 144
Mendelsohn, A. L., Valdez, P. T., Flynn, V., Foley, G. M., Berkule, S. B., Tomopoulos, S., Fierman, A. H., Tineo, W., & Dreyer, B. P. (2007) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0b013e3180324d87 · Cited by 143
The Naive Theory of the Infant and Other Maternal Attitudes in Two Subgroups in Israel
Ninio, A. (1979) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1129322 · Cited by 132
Comparison of the effectiveness of the Hanen Parent Programme and traditional clinic therapy
Baxendale, J., & Hesketh, A. (2003) · International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders · doi:10.1080/1368282031000121651 · Cited by 125
An Exploratory Study of “Quantitative Linguistic Feedback”
Suskind, D. L., Leffel, K. R., Hernandez, M. W., Sapolich, S. G., Suskind, E., Kirkham, E. M., & Meehan, P. (2013) · Communication Disorders Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1525740112473146 · Cited by 115
Self-citationDieterich, S. E., Assel, M. A., Swank, P. B., Smith, K. E., & Landry, S. H. (2005) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2005.10.003 · Cited by 109
Bornstein, M. H., Hendricks, C., Hahn, C., Haynes, O. M., Painter, K. M., & Tamis‐LeMonda, C. S. (2003) · Parenting · doi:10.1207/s15327922par0304_2 · Cited by 97
Early Gesture Predicts Language Delay in Children With Pre- or Perinatal Brain Lesions
LeBarton, E. S., Levine, S. C., & Susan Goldin-meadow, A. (2010) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01413.x · Cited by 96
Self-citationReassessing parent-focused language intervention programs.
Tannock, R., & Girolametto, L. E. (1992) · Cited by 95
Reach Out and Read: Literacy Promotion in Pediatric Primary Care
KLASS, P. E., Dreyer, B. P., & Mendelsohn, A. L. (2009) · Advances in Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.yapd.2009.08.009 · Cited by 86
The Relationship of Parental Knowledge to the Development of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Dichtelmiller, M. L., Meisels, S. J., PLUNKETT, J. W., Bozynski, M. E. A., Claflin, C. J., & Mangelsdorf, S. C. (1992) · Journal of Early Intervention · doi:10.1177/105381519201600302 · Cited by 84
Why Do Preschool Language Abilities Correlate With Later Reading? A Twin Study
Harlaar, N., Hayiou‐Thomas, M. E., Dale, P. S., & Plomin, R. J. (2008) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2008/049 · Cited by 68
Sacks, C. A., Shay, S., Repplinger, L., Leffel, K. R., Sapolich, S. G., Suskind, E., Tannenbaum, S., & Suskind, D. L. (2013) · Child Language Teaching and Therapy · doi:10.1177/0265659013494873 · Cited by 64
Self-citationChild vocalization composition as discriminant information for automatic autism detection
Xu, D., Gilkerson, J., Richards, J., Yapanel, U. H., & Gray, S. (2009) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2009.5334846 · Cited by 45
White, K. M., & Wellington, L. (2009) · The Journal of Primary Prevention · doi:10.1007/s10935-009-0167-y · Cited by 30
Changing behavior: Theoretical development needs protocol adherence.
Michie, S. G. (2005) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.4.439 · Cited by 15
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Algozzine, 2011, A comparison of progress monitoring scores and end-of-grade achievement, New Waves-Educational Research and Development, 14, 3
- 2008, Developing early literacy: report of the National Early Literacy Panel
- MacPhee, 1981, Knowledge of infant development inventory
- Bugental, 2002, Handbook of parenting: Vol. 3: Being and becoming a parent, 509
- Duncan, 2011, Whither opportunity? Rising inequality, schools, and children's life chances
- Ajzen, 1996, The psychology of action: linking cognition and motivation to behavior
- Wechsler, 1997, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—3rd Edition (WAIS-3®)
- Heath, 2007, Made to stick: why some ideas work in the world and others die
- 10.1037/0022-0663.86.4.542 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Language Matters: Denying the Existence of the 30-Million-Word Gap Has Serious Consequences
Golinkoff, R. M., Hoff, E., Rowe, M. L., Tamis‐LeMonda, C. S., & Hirsh‐Pasek, K. (2018) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13128 · Cited by 519
Language Experience in the Second Year of Life and Language Outcomes in Late Childhood
Gilkerson, J., Richards, J. A., Warren, S. F., Oller, D. K., Russo, R., & Vohr, B. R. (2018) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2017-4276 · Cited by 385
Language learning, socioeconomic status, and child‐directed speech
Schwab, J. F., & Lew‐Williams, C. (2016) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1393 · Cited by 344
Language Exposure Relates to Structural Neural Connectivity in Childhood
Romeo, R. R., Segaran, J., Leonard, J., Robinson, S. T., West, M. R., Mackey, A. P., Yendiki, A., Rowe, M. L., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0484-18.2018 · Cited by 272
Parenting Behavior and Child Language: A Meta-analysis.
Madigan, S., Prime, H., Graham, S. A., Rodrigues, M., Anderson, N., Khoury, J., & Jenkins, J. M. (2019) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2018-3556 · Cited by 267
Metadata
- Authors
- SUSKIND, D. L., LEFFEL, K. R., GRAF, E., HERNANDEZ, M. W., GUNDERSON, E. A., SAPOLICH, S. G., SUSKIND, E., LEININGER, L., GOLDIN-MEADOW, S., & LEVINE, S. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Temple University (US)
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- SUSKIND, DANA L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Child Language
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2015-06-04
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 366-406
- ISSN
- 0305-0009 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7602
- PMC
- PMC10835758
- OpenAlex
- W2121109532
- Cited by
- 335
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 72 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 49.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Child Language (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Research Resources (KL2RR025000, UL1RR024999)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Keywords
- parent-mediated intervention, home visiting intervention, low socioeconomic status, language environment, child language acquisition, parent-child interaction, early childhood language, socioeconomic disparities, mother-child dyads, child vocalizations
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
