Patient-centered assessment of cognitive symptoms of depression
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To identify and explore concepts important to patients with cognitive symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and adapt an existing patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure to assess these symptoms. Methods: Four focus groups were conducted with MDD patients (n = 33) to elicit relevant concepts and determine whether one of several PRO scales could be used to assess cognitive symptoms of depression. Following selection and minor modification of the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ), cognitive debriefing interviews were conducted with additional patients (n = 17) to further refine and adapt this measure for use in MDD. Minor revisions based on patient input yielded the PDQ for Depression (PDQ-D). Results: Focus group participants reported a variety of cognitive symptoms that were classified into 7 general categories: lack of focus and clear thought, memory problems, difficulty with lexical access, difficulty with divided attention, difficulty with decision making, difficulty thinking quickly, and difficulty learning new things. Limitations in work productivity were the most commonly reported impacts of cognitive symptoms. While suggesting a few modifications, focus group participants reacted positively to the PDQ based on the breadth, specificity, and relevance of the items. Cognitive debriefing participants indicated that the modified PDQ items were generally easy to understand and relevant to their experiences with MDD. Conclusion: Because cognitive symptoms are burdensome to patients with MDD, their assessment is important to optimize treatment outcomes. The PDQ-D has the potential to supplement existing assessment methods, providing unique information important for both comprehensive evaluation of individuals with MDD and evaluation of new treatments.
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Attention impairments in major depressive disorder negatively impact daily function and are associated with poorer clinical outcome.
“Attention impairments in particular are known to negatively impact daily function3,4 and are associated with poorer clinical outcome5.”
From Paying attention to attention in depression (2019) · cites this paper as [3]
The Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Depression (PDQ-D) is a measure that assesses subjective cognitive dysfunction in depression.
“One additional item assessing self-perceived concentration was taken from the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire—Depression (PDQ-D) [37,38], a measure that assesses subjective cognitive dysfunction in depression.”
From Wearable technology for high-frequency cognitive and mood assessment in major depressive disorder: longitudinal observational study (2019) · cites this paper as [37]
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- Authors
- Fehnel, S. E., Forsyth, B. H., DiBenedetti, D. B., Danchenko, N., François, C., & Brevig, T.
- Affiliations
- RTI Health Solutions (US)
- Lundbeck (Denmark) (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Fehnel, Sheri E.
- Venue
- CNS Spectrums
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2013-09-25
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 43-52
- ISSN
- 1092-8529 (ISSN-L)
- 2165-6509
- OpenAlex
- W2118122428
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 4.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- CNS Spectrums (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, cognitive symptoms of depression, patient-centered assessment, patient-reported outcome measures, focus groups, memory impairment, divided attention, labor productivity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cognition Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Focus Groups, Qualitative Research, Young Adult
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