Cognitive Dysfunction in Asian Patients with Depression (CogDAD): A Cross-Sectional Study
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Background: Cognitive dysfunction is a predominant symptom of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), contributing to functional impairment. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to assess and describe perceived cognitive dysfunction amongst Asian patients diagnosed with MDD. The secondary objective was to explore the associations between depression severity, perceived cognitive dysfunction and functional disability. Methods: This was a multi-country, multi-centre, cross-sectional study. Adults with a current episode of MDD were recruited from 9 university/general hospital clinics in Asia. During a single study visit, psychiatrists assessed depression severity (Clinical Global Impression-Severity, CGI-S); patients completed questionnaires assessing depression severity (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items, PHQ-9), perceived cognitive dysfunction (Perceived Deficit Questionnaire-Depression, PDQ-D) and functional disability (Sheehan Disability Scale, SDS). Results: Patients (n=664), predominantly women (66.3%), were aged 46.5±12.5 years, lived in urban areas (81.3%) and were employed (84.6%). 51.5% of patients were having their first depressive episode; 86.7% were receiving treatment; 82.2% had a current episode duration >8 weeks. Patients had mild-to-moderate depression (CGI-S=3.3±1.0; PHQ-9=11.3±6.9). Patients reported perceived cognitive dysfunction (PDQ-D=22.6±16.2) and functional disability (SDS=11.3±7.9). PHQ-9, PDQ-D and SDS were moderately-to-highly correlated (PHQ-9 and SDS: r=0.72; PHQ-9 and PDQ-D: r=0.69; PDQ-D and SDS, r=0.63). ANCOVA showed that after controlling for patient-reported depression severity (PHQ-9), perceived cognitive dysfunction (PDQ-D) was significantly associated with functional disability (SDS) (p<0.001). Conclusions: Asian patients with MDD reported perceived cognitive dysfunction. There is a need for physicians to evaluate cognitive dysfunction in the clinical setting in order to reach treatment goals, including functional recovery beyond remission of mood symptoms.
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In patients with major depressive disorder, cognitive complaint is correlated more closely with depressive symptoms and psychosocial functioning than is objective cognitive impairment.
“CC in MDD patients is correlated more closely with not only depressive symptoms, but also psychosocial functioning compared to objective cognitive impairment [19-23].”
From Acute Efficacy and Safety of Escitalopram Versus Desvenlafaxine and Vortioxetine in the Treatment of Depression With Cognitive Complaint: A Rater-Blinded Randomized Comparative Study (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
The Results section (“Associations Between Perceived Cognitive Dysfunction, Depression Severity and Functional Disability”; page unavailable) reports correlations between perceived cognitive dysfunction and both depression severity (r=0.69) and functional disability (r=0.63). The paper does not compare those correlations with correlations for objectively measured cognitive impairment, so it does not establish that cognitive complaints are more closely correlated with either outcome. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Manit, S., Yee Ming, M., Yen Kuang, Y., Herng-Nieng, C., Constantine D, D., Zuraida, Z., Stephen, J., Nurmiati, A., & Pranab, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Indonesia (ID)
- Venue
- Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2017-10-31
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 185-199
- ISSN
- 1745-0179 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5712642
- OpenAlex
- W2765631002
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 0.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Mahidol University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- cognitive impairment, major depressive disorder, Asian patients, functional disability, depression severity, PHQ-9, Sheehan Disability Scale, functional recovery
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