Autism: the quest for the genes
Abstract
Autism, at its most extreme, is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder, and recent studies have indicated that autism spectrum disorders are considerably more common than previously supposed. However, although one of the most heritable neuropsychiatric syndromes, autism has so far eluded attempts to discover its genetic origins in the majority of cases. Several whole-genome scans for autism-susceptibility loci have identified specific chromosomal regions, but the results have been inconclusive and fine mapping and association studies have failed to identify the underlying genes. Recent advances in knowledge from the Human Genome and HapMap Projects, and progress in technology and bioinformatic resources, have aided study design and made data generation more efficient and cost-effective. Broadening horizons about the landscape of structural genetic variation and the field of epigenetics are indicating new possible mechanisms underlying autism aetiology, while endophenotypes are being used in an attempt to break down the complexity of the syndrome and refine genetic data. Although the genetic variants underlying idiopathic autism have proven elusive so far, the future for this field looks promising.
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ASD is one of the most heritable psychiatric disorders, with heritability estimated at about 50% and monozygotic twin concordance rates between 70 and 90%.
“Twin, family and population-based studies have shown ASD to be one of the most heritable of all psychiatric disorders, with heritability estimated at ~50% (see reviews in [119, 310]) and monozygotic twin concordance rates between 70 to 90% [1, 113, 139, 304, 344].”
From Autism spectrum disorder: neuropathology and animal models (2017) · cites this paper as [344]
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Analysis of reelin as a candidate gene for autism
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Self-citationRegional meta-analysis of published data supports linkage of autism with markers on chromosome 7
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Parental origin of de novo MECP2 mutations in Rett syndrome
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Lack of evidence for an association between WNT2 and RELN polymorphisms and autism
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Serotonin transporter gene and autism: a haplotype analysis in an Irish autistic population
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Linkage of a composite inhibitory phenotype to a chromosome 22q locus in eight Utah families
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Epigenetic variation and inheritance in mammals
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5-HTTLPR variants not associated with autistic spectrum disorders
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Autism spectrum disorders: Molecular genetic advances
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Lack of Evidence for Association of the Serotonin Transporter Gene SLC6A4 with Autism
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Lack of Association Between Autism and SLC25A12
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Common genetic variants on 5p14.1 associate with autism spectrum disorders
Wang, K., Zhang, H., Ma, D., Bucan, M., Glessner, J. T., Abrahams, B. S., Salyakina, D., Imielinski, M., Bradfield, J. P., Sleiman, P. M. A., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07999 · Cited by 989 · see citing works
Autism spectrum disorder: neuropathology and animal models
Varghese, M., Keshav, N., Jacot-Descombes, S., Warda, T., Wicinski, B., Dickstein, D. L., Harony-Nicolas, H., De Rubeis, S., Drapeau, E., Buxbaum, J. D., et al. (2017) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-017-1736-4 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Happé, F., & Ronald, A. (2008) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-008-9076-8 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Walsh, K. M., & Bracken, M. B. (2011) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1097/gim.0b013e3182076c0c · Cited by 65 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sykes, N. H., & Lamb, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Centre for Human Genetics (GB)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lamb, Janine A.
- ORCID
- Lamb, Janine A.
- Venue
- Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2007-09
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 1-15
- ISSN
- 1462-3994 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2142715403
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 111
- Citations by year
- 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of California, Santa Cruz
- Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation
- Wellcome Trust
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, genetic susceptibility loci, autism genetics, heritability, epigenetics, endophenotypes, idiopathic autism, autism etiology, whole-genome association studies
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Genetic Testing, Humans, Genetic Linkage, Male, Genome, Human, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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