Cited by 212Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsTrace Elements in HealthMetal complexes synthesis and properties

Regulation of Copper and Iron Homeostasis by Metal Chelators: A Possible Chemotherapy for Alzheimer’s Disease

Robert, Anne, Liu, Yan, Nguyen, Michel, Meunier, Bernard·2015·Accounts of Chemical Research

Abstract

With the increase of life expectancy of humans in more than two-thirds of the countries in the World, aging diseases are becoming the frontline health problems. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is now one of the major challenges in drug discovery, since, with the exception of memantine in 2003, all clinical trials with drug candidates failed over the past decade. If we consider that the loss of neurons is due to a high level of oxidative stress produced by nonregulated redox active metal ions like copper linked to amyloids of different sizes, regulation of metal homeostasis is a key target. The difficulty for large copper-carrier proteins to directly extract copper ions from metalated amyloids might be considered as being at the origin of the rupture of the copper homeostasis regulation in AD brains. So, there is an urgent need for new specific metal chelators that should be able to regulate the homeostasis of metal ions, specially copper and iron, in AD brains. As a consequence of that concept, chelators promoting metal excretion from brain are not desired. One should favor ligands able to extract copper ions from sinks (amyloids being the major one) and to transfer these redox-active metal ions to copper-carrier proteins or copper-containing enzymes. Obviously, the affinity of these chelators for the metal ion should not be a sufficient criterion, but the metal specificity and the ability of the chelators to release the metal under specific biological conditions should be considered. Such an approach is still largely unexplored. The requirements for the chelators are very high (ability to cross the brain-blood barrier, lack of toxicity, etc.), few chemical series were proposed, and, among them, biochemical or biological data are scarce. As a matter of fact, the bioinorganic pharmacology of AD represents less than 1% of all articles dedicated to AD drug research. The major part of these articles deals with an old and rather toxic drug, clioquinol and related analogs, that do not efficiently extract copper from soluble amyloids. We have designed and developed new tetradendate ligands such as 21 and PA1637 based on bis(8-aminoquinolines) that are specific for copper chelation and are able to extract copper(II) from amyloids and then can release copper ion upon reduction with a biological reducing agent. These studies contribute to the understanding of the physicochemical properties of the tetradentate copper ligands compared with bidentate ligands like clioquinol. One of these copper ligands, PA1637, after selection with a nontransgenic mouse model that is able to efficiently monitor the loss of episodic memory, is currently under preclinical development.

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Crossref · 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00119

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Authors
Robert, A., Liu, Y., Nguyen, M., & Meunier, B.
Affiliations
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • Guangdong University of Technology (CN)
Corresponding author
  • Robert, Anne
  • Meunier, Bernard
Venue
Accounts of Chemical Research
Published
2015-05-06
Volume
48
Issue
5
Pages
1332-1339
ISSN
  • 0001-4842 (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-4898
OpenAlex
W2404450481
Cited by
212
References
75
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 4
FWCI
15.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Accounts of Chemical Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
Funders
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Metal complexes synthesis and properties
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, copper homeostasis, iron homeostasis, metal chelators, copper chelation, amyloid, oxidative stress, tetradentate ligands, clioquinol, redox-active metal ions, drug discovery
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Chelating Agents, Copper, Homeostasis, Humans, Iron, Organometallic Compounds, Molecular Structure

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