Evidence-Based Clinical Use of Nanoscale Extracellular Vesicles in Nanomedicine
Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated that all body fluids assessed contain substantial amounts of vesicles that range in size from 30 to 1000 nm and that are surrounded by phospholipid membranes containing different membrane microdomains such as lipid rafts and caveolae. The most prominent representatives of these so-called extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized exosomes (70-150 nm), which are derivatives of the endosomal system, and microvesicles (100-1000 nm), which are produced by outward budding of the plasma membrane. Nanosized EVs are released by almost all cell types and mediate targeted intercellular communication under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Containing cell-type-specific signatures, EVs have been proposed as biomarkers in a variety of diseases. Furthermore, according to their physical functions, EVs of selected cell types have been used as therapeutic agents in immune therapy, vaccination trials, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery. Undoubtedly, the rapidly emerging field of basic and applied EV research will significantly influence the biomedicinal landscape in the future. In this Perspective, we, a network of European scientists from clinical, academic, and industry settings collaborating through the H2020 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program European Network on Microvesicles and Exosomes in Health and Disease (ME-HAD), demonstrate the high potential of nanosized EVs for both diagnostic and therapeutic (i.e., theranostic) areas of nanomedicine.
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Exosomes and their cargo have a central role in normal CNS communications, immune response, synaptic function, plasticity, nerve regeneration, and propagation of neurodegenerative diseases.
“Previously, exosomes and their cargo have been shown to have a central role in normal CNS communications, immune response, synaptic function, plasticity, nerve regeneration, and the propagation of neurodegenerative diseases [232].”
From Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment Strategies and Their Limitations. (2022) · cites this paper as [232]
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- Authors
- Fais, S., O’Driscoll, L., Borras, F. E., Buzas, E., Camussi, G., Cappello, F., Carvalho, J., Cordeiro da Silva, A., Del Portillo, H., El Andaloussi, S., Ficko Trček, T., Furlan, R., Hendrix, A., Gursel, I., Kralj-Iglic, V., Kaeffer, B., Kosanovic, M., Lekka, M. E., Lipps, G., Logozzi, M., Marcilla, A., Sammar, M., Llorente, A., Nazarenko, I., Oliveira, C., Pocsfalvi, G., Rajendran, L., Raposo, G., Rohde, E., Siljander, P., van Niel, G., Vasconcelos, M. H., Yáñez-Mó, M., Yliperttula, M. L., Zarovni, N., Zavec, A. B., & Giebel, B.
- Affiliations
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (IT)
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- IVECAT-Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), and Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- University of Turin (IT)
- Istituto Euro Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IT)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- ICREA at Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic de Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals−Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Mengeš, Slovenia
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele (IT)
- Ghent University Hospital (BE)
- Science Faculty, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, THORLAB- Therapeutic Oligonucleotide Research Lab, Bilkent University, 06800 Bilkent, Turkey
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- PhysioPathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (FR)
- Department of Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, Univeristy of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Ioannina (GR)
- FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (CH)
- Universitat de València (ES)
- Braude College of Engineering Karmiel (IL)
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Paracelsus Medical University (AT)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR144, Centre de Recherche, 26 rue d’ULM, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75231 Paris, France
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Sta Cristina, IIS-IP, Departamento Biología Molecular/CBM-SO, UAM, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Exosomics Siena SpA, 53100 Siena, Italy
- National Institute of Chemistry (SI)
- Essen University Hospital (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Fais, Stefano
- Giebel, Bernd
- ORCID
- Fais, Stefano
- O’Driscoll, Lorraine
- Camussi, Giovanni
- Cappello, Francesco
- Carvalho, Joana
- Furlan, Roberto
- Hendrix, An
- Kaeffer, Bertrand
- Lekka, Marilena E.
- Lipps, Georg
- Marcilla, Antonio
- Sammar, Marei
- Llorente, Alicia
- Nazarenko, Irina
- Rajendran, Lawrence
- Raposo, Graça
- Rohde, Eva
- Siljander, Pia
- Vasconcelos, M. Helena
- Yliperttula, Marjo L.
- Zavec, Apolonija Bedina
- Giebel, Bernd
- Venue
- ACS Nano
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2016-03-15
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 3886-3899
- ISSN
- 1936-0851 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-086X
- OpenAlex
- W2301624354
- Cited by
- 481
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 20
- FWCI
- 5.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACS Nano (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.) (submittedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (submittedVersion)
- Bilkent University Institutional Repository (Bilkent University) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks
- Keywords
- extracellular vesicles, exosomes, microvesicles, nanomedicine, theranostics, intercellular communication, biomarkers, drug delivery, regenerative medicine, immunotherapy, vaccination, lipid rafts, caveolae, endosomal system, clinical translation
- MeSH terms
- Extracellular Vesicles, Theranostic Nanomedicine, Animals, Cell Communication, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Drug Delivery Systems, Nanomedicine, Cell-Derived Microparticles, Exosomes
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