The Techno-Economic Basis for Coproduct Manufacturing to Enable Hydrocarbon Fuel Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass
Abstract
Biorefinery process development relies on techno-economic analysis (TEA) to identify primary cost drivers, prioritize research directions, and mitigate technical risk for scale-up through development of detailed process designs. Here, we conduct TEA of a model 2000 dry metric ton-per-day lignocellulosic biorefinery that employs a two-step pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis to produce biomass-derived sugars, followed by biological lipid production, lipid recovery, and catalytic hydrotreating to produce renewable diesel blendstock (RDB). On the basis of projected near-term technical feasibility of these steps, we predict that RDB could be produced at a minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of USD $9.55/gasoline-gallon-equivalent (GGE), predicated on the need for improvements in the lipid productivity and yield beyond current benchmark performance. This cost is significant given the limitations in scale and high costs for aerobic cultivation of oleaginous microbes and subsequent lipid extraction/recovery. In light of this predicted cost, we developed an alternative pathway which demonstrates that RDB costs could be substantially reduced in the near term if upgradeable fractions of biomass, in this case hemicellulose-derived sugars, are diverted to coproducts of sufficient value and market size; here, we use succinic acid as an example coproduct. The coproduction model predicts an MFSP of USD $5.28/GGE when leaving conversion and yield parameters unchanged for the fuel production pathway, leading to a change in biorefinery RDB capacity from 24 to 15 MM GGE/year and 0.13 MM tons of succinic acid per year. Additional analysis demonstrates that beyond the near-term projections assumed in the models here, further reductions in the MFSP toward $2–3/GGE (which would be competitive with fossil-based hydrocarbon fuels) are possible with additional transformational improvements in the fuel and coproduct trains, especially in terms of carbon efficiency to both fuels and coproducts, recovery and purification of fuels and coproducts, and coproduct selection and price. Overall, this analysis documents potential economics for both a hydrocarbon fuel and bioproduct process pathway and highlights prioritized research directions beyond the current benchmark to enable hydrocarbon fuel production via an oleaginous microbial platform with simultaneous coproduct manufacturing from lignocellulosic biomass.
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Increasing succinic acid production by four-fold reduced the price significantly.
“Biddy et al. [141], demonstrated the potential of increasing succinic acid production by four-fold reduced the price significantly [143].”
From Food Waste Biorefinery: Pathway towards Circular Bioeconomy (2021) · cites this paper as [143]
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- Authors
- Biddy, M. J., Davis, R., Humbird, D., Tao, L., Dowe, N., Guarnieri, M. T., Linger, J. G., Karp, E. M., Salvachúa, D., Vardon, D. R., & Beckham, G. T.
- Affiliations
- National Laboratory of the Rockies (US)
- Corresponding author
- Biddy, Mary J.
- Beckham, Gregg T.
- ORCID
- Venue
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2016-05-12
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 3196-3211
- ISSN
- 2168-0485 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2345100560
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 115
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 8
- FWCI
- 11.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Bioenergy Technologies Office (DE-AC36-08GO28308)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Catalysis for Biomass Conversion
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Keywords
- lignocellulosic biomass, biorefinery, renewable diesel, succinic acid, oleaginous microorganisms, lipid production, catalytic hydrotreating, hemicellulose sugars, minimum fuel selling price, techno-economic analysis, bioproducts, process scale-up
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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