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Cited by 1,055

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Phthalates, Alkylphenols, Pesticides, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, and Other Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds in Indoor Air and Dust

Rudel, Ruthann A., Camann, David E., Spengler, John D., Korn, Leo R., Brody, Julia G.·2003·Environmental Science & Technology
DOI 10.1021/es0264596
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Abstract

Chemicals identified as endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) have widespread consumer uses, yet little is known about indoor exposure. We sampled indoor air and dust in 120 homes, analyzing for 89 organic chemicals identified as EDCs. Fifty-two compounds were detected in air and 66 were detected in dust. These are the first reported measures in residential environments for over 30 of the compounds, including several detected at the highest concentrations. The number of compounds detected per home ranged from 13 to 28 in air and from 6 to 42 in dust. The most abundant compounds in air included phthalates (plasticizers, emulsifiers), o-phenylphenol (disinfectant), 4-nonylphenol (detergent metabolite), and 4-tert-butylphenol (adhesive) with typical concentrations in the range of 50-1500 ng/m3. The penta- and tetrabrominated diphenyl ethers (flame retardants) were frequently detected in dust, and 2,3-dibromo-1-propanol, the carcinogenic intermediate of a flame retardant banned in 1977, was detected in air and dust. Twenty-three pesticides were detected in air and 27 were detected in dust, the most abundant being permethrins and the synergist piperonyl butoxide. The banned pesticides heptachlor, chlordane, methoxychlor, and DDT were also frequently detected, suggesting limited indoor degradation. Detected concentrations exceeded government health-based guidelines for 15 compounds, but no guidelines are available for 28 compounds, and existing guidelines do not consider endocrine effects. This study provides a basis for prioritizing toxicology and exposure research for individual EDCs and mixtures and provides new tools for exposure assessment in health studies.

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Metadata

Authors
Rudel, R. A., Camann, D. E., Spengler, J. D., Korn, L. R., & Brody, J. G.
Venue
Environmental Science & Technology
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published
2003-09-13
Volume
37
Issue
20
Pages
4543-4553
ISSN
  • 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5851
DOI
10.1021/es0264596
OpenAlex
W2071591569
Cited by
1,055
References
2
FWCI
22.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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