Carbon consequences and agricultural implications of growing biofuel crops on marginal agricultural lands in China
Abstract
Using marginal agricultural lands to grow energy crops for biofuel feedstocks is a promising option to meet the biofuel needs in populous China without causing further food shortages or environmental problems. Here we quantify the effects of growing switchgrass and Miscanthus on Chinese marginal agricultural lands on biomass production and carbon emissions with a global-scale biogeochemical model. We find that the national net primary production (NPP) of these two biofuel crops are 622 and 1546 g C m(-2) yr(-1), respectively, whereas the NPP of food crops is about 600 g C m(-2) yr(-1) in China. The net carbon sink over the 47 Mha of marginal agricultural lands across China is 2.1 Tg C yr(-1) for switchgrass and 5.0 Tg C yr(-1) for Miscanthus. Soil organic carbon is estimated to be 10 kg C m(-2) in both biofuel ecosystems, which is equal to the soil carbon levels of grasslands in China. In order to reach the goal of 12.5 billion liters of bioethanol in 2020 using crop biomass as biofuel feedstocks, 7.9-8.0 Mha corn grain, 4.3-6.1 Mha switchgrass, or 1.4-2.0 Mha Miscanthus will be needed. Miscanthus has tremendous potential to meet future biofuel needs, and to benefit CO(2) mitigation in China.
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Energy crops, including cellulosic crops, can be used to produce second-generation bioenergy and minimize the environmental costs.
“Further, energy crops, including cellulosic crops, can be used to produce second-generation bioenergy and minimize the environmental costs [13,14].”
From Biomass and biofuels in China: Toward bioenergy resource potentials and their impacts on the environment (2018) · cites this paper as [14]
The estimated area of marginal lands in China that can be cultivated for biofuel cropping ranges from 3 to 100 M ha.
“The estimated area of marginal lands in China that can be cultivated for biofuel cropping range from 3 to 100 M ha (Fig. 3b) [12][13][14][15]19,39,40,[45][46][47][48][49].”
From Biomass and biofuels in China: Toward bioenergy resource potentials and their impacts on the environment (2018) · cites this paper as [14]
Biomass harvested from existing crop residues and marginal lands is less likely to jeopardize food production or land availability for food cropping.
“Biomass harvested from these sources is less likely to jeopardize food production or land availability for food cropping [13][14][15].”
From Biomass and biofuels in China: Toward bioenergy resource potentials and their impacts on the environment (2018) · cites this paper as [14]
With well-selected species or cultivars and proper cultivation, switchgrass and Miscanthus can produce a substantial amount of biomass in most marginal lands in China.
“With well- selected species or cultivars and proper cultivation, these crops can produce a substantial amount of biomass in most marginal lands in China [14,65].”
From Biomass and biofuels in China: Toward bioenergy resource potentials and their impacts on the environment (2018) · cites this paper as [14]
Switchgrass and Miscanthus are highly productive and adaptive to less favorable soil and climate conditions.
“Two major cellulosic energy crops, switchgrass and Miscanthus are highly productive and adaptive to less favorable soil and climate conditions.”
From Biomass and biofuels in China: Toward bioenergy resource potentials and their impacts on the environment (2018) · cites this paper as [14]
Switchgrass and Miscanthus can be grown on most marginal lands.
“Switchgrass and Miscanthus are not listed; they can be grown on most marginal lands[13,14].”
From Biomass and biofuels in China: Toward bioenergy resource potentials and their impacts on the environment (2018) · cites this paper as [14]
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- Authors
- Qin, Z., Zhuang, Q., Zhu, X., Cai, X., & Zhang, X.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Qin, Zhangcai
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2011-11-28
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 10765-10772
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W1973166049
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 11.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Purdue University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Bioenergy crop production and management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Keywords
- energy crops, marginal agricultural land, switchgrass, Miscanthus, net primary productivity, soil organic carbon, carbon sink, bioethanol, CO2 emission reduction, China
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Carbon Dioxide, China, Environmental Monitoring, Food Supply, Crops, Agricultural, Biofuels, Carbon Footprint, Environmental Policy
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