Carbon mitigation by the energy crop, Miscanthus

CLIFTON‐BROWN, JOHN C.; BREUER, JÖERN; JONES, MICHAEL B.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01438.x

Cited by 397Bioenergy crop production and managementSoil Carbon and Nitrogen DynamicsAgronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems

Carbon mitigation by the energy crop, Miscanthus

CLIFTON‐BROWN, JOHN C., BREUER, JÖERN, JONES, MICHAEL B.·2007·Global Change Biology

DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01438.x

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Abstract

Biomass crops mitigate carbon emissions by both fossil fuel substitution and sequestration of carbon in the soil. We grew Miscanthus x giganteus for 16 years at a site in southern Ireland to (i) compare methods of propagation, (ii) compare response to fertilizer application and quantify nutrient offtakes, (iii) measure long‐term annual biomass yields, (iv) estimate carbon sequestration to the soil and (v) quantify the carbon mitigation by the crop. There was no significant difference in the yield between plants established from rhizome cuttings or by micro‐propagation. Annual off‐takes of N and P were easily met by soil reserves, but soil K reserves were low in unfertilized plots. Potassium deficiency was associated with lower harvestable yield. Yields increased for 5 years following establishment but after 10 years showed some decline which could not be accounted for by the climate driven growth model MISCANMOD. Measured yields were normalized to estimate both autumn (at first frost) and spring harvests (15 March of the subsequent year). Average autumn and spring yields over the 15 harvest years were 13.4±1.1 and 9.0±0.7 t DW ha −1 yr −1 respectively. Below ground biomass in February 2002 was 20.6±4.6 t DW ha −1 . Miscanthus derived soil organic carbon sequestration detected by a change in 13 C signal was 8.9±2.4 t C ha −1 over 15 years. We estimate total carbon mitigation by this crop over 15 years ranged from 5.2 to 7.2 t C ha −1 yr −1 depending on the harvest time.

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The overall reduction in carbon from T0 to T12 of 8 Mg/ha is within the range +4 to −9 Mg/ha reported in other grassland to Miscanthus field-based studies.
“The overall reduction in carbon from T0 to T12, of 8 Mg/ha, is within the range +4 to −9 Mg/ha reported in other grassland to Miscanthus field‐based studies (Clifton‐Brown et al., 2007; Schneckenberger & Kuzyakov, 2007; Zang et al., 2018; Zimmermann et al., 2012).”
From Measured and modelled effect of land‐use change from temperate grassland to Miscanthus on soil carbon stocks after 12 years (2019) · cites this paper as Clifton‐Brown et al., 2007
Miscanthus was identified as a leading candidate bioenergy crop for producing heat, electricity, and transportation fuel in Europe because of its high energy yield and low input requirements.
“was identified as a leading candidate bioenergy crop for producing heat, electricity, and transportation fuel in Europe because of its high energy yield and low input requirements (Clifton- Brown et al., 2007; Heaton et al., 2004, 2008).”
From Decadal change in soil carbon and nitrogen with a Miscanthus × giganteus crop on abandoned agricultural land in southeast Ohio (2024) · cites this paper as Clifton-Brown et al., 2007
The level of N in the soil that was maintained over 10 years in this study suggests that miscanthus needs little or no fertilizer inputs, and this is consistent with the conclusions of a body of prior research.
“The level of N in the soil that was maintained over 10 years in this study suggests that miscanthus needs little or no fertilizer inputs, and this is consistent with the conclusions of a body of prior research (Anderson etal.,2011; Clifton- Brown etal.,2007; Davis et al., 2009; Heaton et al., 2010; Lewandowski etal.,2000; Parrish etal.,2021; Strullu etal.,2011).”
From Decadal change in soil carbon and nitrogen with a Miscanthus × giganteus crop on abandoned agricultural land in southeast Ohio (2024) · cites this paper as Clifton-Brown et al., 2007
Clifton-Brown et al. (2007) found an increase in SOC under 15 year old Miscanthus compared to an adjacent grassland.
“Clifton‐Brown et al. (2007) found an increase in SOC under 15 year old Miscanthus compared to an adjacent grassland”
From Measured and modelled effect of land‐use change from temperate grassland to Miscanthus on soil carbon stocks after 12 years (2019) · cites this paper as Clifton‐Brown et al., 2007
The similarity of miscanthus TSOC to woody crops is probably a consequence of partial shedding of miscanthus leaves during the winter months, observed during the field trial and reported in other studies.
“This is probably a consequence of the partial shedding of miscanthus leaves during the winter months, that was observed during the field trial and that was reported in other studies (Clifton-Brown et al., 2007;Meehan et al., 2013).”
From Carbon sequestration potential in perennial bioenergy crops: the importance of organic matter inputs and its physical protection (2016) · cites this paper as Clifton-Brown et al., 2007

Clifton-Brown et al. (2007) demonstrated that SOC stock under miscanthus was negatively affected by early harvesting (autumn) due to lower input from leaf fall, while delaying harvesting to the end of winter allowed higher accumulation of aboveground litter on the soil surface and improved soil C sequestration potential.
“Clifton-Brown et al. (2007) demonstrated that the SOC stock under miscanthus was negatively affected by early harvesting (i.e., in autumn) as a consequence of the lower input from leaf fall, while delaying harvesting to the end of winter allowed for a higher accumulation of the aboveground-litter on the soil surface and an improved soil C sequestration potential.”
From Carbon sequestration potential in perennial bioenergy crops: the importance of organic matter inputs and its physical protection (2016) · cites this paper as Clifton-Brown et al. (2007)
In Ireland, the observed biomass yields of Miscanthus were up to 20% lower than expected from modelling when the stand age exceeded 10 years.
“For example in Ireland, the observed biomass yields of Miscanthus were up to 20% lower than expected from modelling when the stand age exceeded 10 years (Clifton-Brown et al., 2007).”
From Land‐use change to bioenergy production in <scp>E</scp> urope: implications for the greenhouse gas balance and soil carbon (2012) · cites this paper as Clifton-Brown et al., 2007
Uncertainties around long-term yields of switchgrass and miscanthus challenge the viability of their potential and limit their wider adoption.
“However, uncertainties around their long-term yields challenge the viability of their potential and limit their wider adoption.”
From Switchgrass ( Panicum Virgatum ) and Miscanthus ( Miscanthus × Giganteus ) Long‐Term Yield Patterns Reveal Consistent Productivity Declines (2025) · cites this paper as Clifton-brown et al. 2007
Management of perennial systems greatly affects residue inputs because harvest practices vary the amount of aboveground biomass removed depending on harvest date and harvest method.
“The management of such systems greatly affects residue inputs as harvest practices vary the amount of aboveground biomass (AGB) removed depending on harvest date [19, 20] and harvest method [21, 22].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
From the composition of belowground biomass under a 15-year-old Miscanthus crop, a relative annual death rate of rhizome can be approximated as 3%.
“From the composition of BGB under a 15-year-old Miscanthus crop (19 % dead rhizome, 66 % live rhizome and 15 % live root [19], one could approximate a relative annual death rate of 3 %.”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
High rates of soil organic carbon were sequestered in a soil very low in carbon compared to those established on grassland sites.
“High rates of SOC were sequestered in a soil very low in C [135] compared to those established on grassland sites (e.g. [19, 86].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
Sequestration rates are not predictive when based on single early or late observations, average carbon inputs and turnover rates.
“Sequestration rates are not predictive when based on single early or late observations [19, 135, 140], average C inputs and turnover rates.”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
Across different environments and time periods, quite similar net storage changes could be found over 3 to 15 years.
“Across different environments and time periods, quite similar net storage changes could be found (3 to 15 years) [19, 134].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
The carbon effectively sequestered under Miscanthus (percentage retention) ranges between 21% and about 70% of the gross carbon inputs.
“The C effectively sequestered under Miscanthus (% retention) ranges between 21 % [19] and ∼70 % [57] of the gross C inputs.”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
Considering the enrichment in the labile fraction, it was suggested that at least 20 years was needed to evaluate the impact of Miscanthus in terms of sustainable soil organic carbon enrichment, which contradicted earlier estimates.
“Considering the enrichment in the labile fraction [86, 135, 139], it was suggested that at least 20 years was needed to evaluate the impact of Miscanthus in terms of sustainable SOC enrichment, which contradicted earlier estimates [19, 45, 106, 135].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
So far, modelling SOC under biofuel crops has mainly relied on C inputs approximated from crop yields.
“So far, modelling SOC under biofuel crops has mainly relied on C inputs approximated from crop yields [19, 45, 86, 139].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [19]

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Authors: CLIFTON‐BROWN, J. C., BREUER, J., & JONES, M. B.
Affiliations: Trinity College Dublin (IE)
ORCID: JONES, MICHAEL B.
Venue: Global Change Biology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2007-08-21
Volume: 13
Issue: 11
Pages: 2296-2307
ISSN: 1354-1013 (ISSN-L)
1365-2486
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01438.x
OpenAlex: W2012318172
Cited by: 393
References: 27
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 37.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Global Change Biology (publishedVersion)
Funders: European Commission
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Bioenergy crop production and management
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
Keywords: Miscanthus × giganteus, energy crops, carbon mitigation, soil carbon sequestration, biomass yield, rhizome cuttings, fertilizer response, nutrient uptake, potassium deficiency, harvest time

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Carbon mitigation by the energy crop, Miscanthus

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