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Colorimetric Detection of Heavy Metal Ions Using Label-Free Gold Nanoparticles and Alkanethiols
Abstract
We have developed a simple method for the selective colorimetric detection of aqueous mercuric (Hg 2+ ), silver (Ag + ), and lead (Pb 2+ ) ions by using label-free gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and alkanethiols. The degree of alkanethiol-induced aggregation of the Au NPs decreases in the order of 6-mercaptohexanol (6-MH) ∼ 4-mercaptobutanol (4-MB) > 11-mercaptoundecanol (11-MU) > 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). The specific and strong interactions of these alkanethiols with Au NPs and heavy metal ions enabled us to develop label-free assays for the sensitive and selective detection of Hg 2+ ions using the 4-MB/Au NPs probe, as well as Ag + and Pb 2+ ions using the 2-ME/Au NPs probe. The presence of strong Hg 2+ -S bonds alleviated the extent of 4-MB-induced aggregation of the Au NPs, resulting in a declining ratio of the extinction coefficients at 650 to 520 nm (Ex 650/520, a measure of the molar ratio of the aggregated to the dispersed Au NPs) of the Au NP solution. In contrast, the presence of Ag +, Cu 2+, and Pb 2+ ions led to a severe aggregation of the Au NPs, mediated by the deposition of these ions on the surfaces of the Au NPs in the 2-ME/Au NPs system. In the presence of masking agents [ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Na 2 S], the 2-ME/Au NP-EDTA and 2-ME/Au NP-Na 2 S sensors permitted the selective detection of Ag + and Pb 2+ ions, respectively, at concentrations down to the nanomolar range. This cost-effective process also allowed the rapid and simple determination of the concentrations of heavy metal ions in real environmental samples (river water and Montana soil). These alkanethiol/Au NP-based sensor probes enabled us to detect three different heavy metal ions, and we feel confident that, because of the simplicity, rapidity, and cost-effectiveness of these analyses, such systems demonstrate great potential for the practical detection of heavy metal ions in real samples.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hung, Y.-L., Hsiung, T.-M., Chen, Y.-Y., Huang, Y.-F., & Huang, C.-C.
- Venue
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2010-09-02
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 39
- Pages
- 16329-16334
- ISSN
- 1932-7447 (ISSN-L)
- 1932-7455
- OpenAlex
- W1996184599
- Cited by
- 258
- References
- 42
- FWCI
- 7.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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