Task Switching and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Abstract
The main goal of the present set of studies was to examine the efficiency of executive control processes and, more specifically, the control processes involved in task set inhibition and preparation to perform a new task in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and non-ADHD children. This was accomplished by having ADHD children, both on and off medication, and non-ADHD children perform the task-switching paradigm, which involves the performance of two simple tasks. In nonswitch trials, an individual task is performed repeatedly for a number of trials. In switch trials, subjects must rapidly and accurately switch from one task to the other, either in a predictable or unpredictable sequence. Switch costs are calculated by subtracting performance on the nonswitch trials from performance on the switch trials. These costs are assumed to reflect the executive control processes required for the coordination of multiple tasks. ADHD children showed substantially larger switch costs than non-ADHD children. However, when on medication, the ADHD children's switch performance was equivalent to control children. In addition, medication was observed to improve the ADHD children's ability to inhibit inappropriate responses. These data are discussed in terms of models of ADHD and cognition.
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Children with ADHD appear mainly challenged by switch paradigms, not by the ID/ED task.
“However, the discrepancies in cognitive flexibility findings might not be so straight forward because ADHD children seem to be primarily challenged on switch paradigms [70,71] but not on the ID/ED task [29,32,34,35].”
From The paradox of cognitive flexibility in autism (2009) · cites this paper as [70]
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- Authors
- Cepeda, N. J., Cepeda, M. L., & Kramer, A. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- University of South Alabama (US)
- ORCID
- Kramer, Arthur F.
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2000-06
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 213-226
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- OpenAlex
- W1557440383
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 2.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ag012203-03)
- National Institute on Aging (R01 AG12203)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, task switching, executive function, switch costs, ADHD medication, children, response inhibition, task preparation
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child Development, Cognition, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Mental Processes, Task Performance and Analysis
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