Cited by 456Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMind wandering and attentionPsychological Treatments and Assessments

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Distinct and Overlapping Features of Rumination and Worry: The Relationship of Cognitive Production to Negative Affective States

Fresco, David M., Frankel, Ann N., Mennin, Douglas S., Turk, Cynthia L., Heimberg, Richard G.·2002·Cognitive Therapy and Research

DOI 10.1023/a:1014517718949

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Items 101–200 of 455

Dimensions of Negative Thinking and the Relations with Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents
Rood, L., Roelofs, J., Bögels, S. M., & Alloy, L. B. (2009) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-009-9261-y · Cited by 99
“Factor analytic studies have revealed that emotion-focused rumination and worry are related, but distinct, as they load on different intercorrelated factors (see Fresco et al. 2002; Muris et al. 2004).”
Influential
My Mind is Working Overtime—Towards an Integrative Perspective of Psychological Detachment, Work-Related Rumination, and Work Reflection
Weigelt, O., Gierer, P., & Syrek, C. J. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16162987 · Cited by 92
Reduced concreteness of rumination in depression: a pilot study
Watkins, E., & Moulds, M. L. (2007) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.04.007 · Cited by 92
“We note that the PEQ assessed recurrent thinking about problems in our samples and that in depressed patients, such negative recurrent thinking is likely to consist of both depressive rumination and anxious worry (as much as these constructs can be reliably separated; Fresco et al., 2002; Segerstrom et al., 2000).”
Background
Underlying Structure of Ruminative Thinking: Factor Analysis of the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire
Tanner, A. K., Voon, D., Hasking, P. A., & Martin, G. (2012) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9492-1 · Cited by 101
“Fresco et al. (2002) examined the factor structure of the Response Style Questionnaire (RSQ; Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow 1991), identifying two factors.”
Background
Repetitive negative thinking predicts depression and anxiety symptom improvement during brief cognitive behavioral therapy
Kertz, S. J., Koran, J., Stevens, K. T., & Björgvinsson, Þ. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.03.006 · Cited by 91
An initiation–termination two-phase model of worrying
Berenbaum, H. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.06.011 · Cited by 88
Common versus unique variance across measures of worry and rumination: predictive utility and mediational models for anxiety and depression
McEvoy, P. M., & Brans, S. (2013) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9448-5 · Cited by 87
Metacognitive beliefs and strategies predict worry, obsessive–compulsive symptoms and coping styles: A preliminary prospective study on an Italian non‐clinical sample
Sica, C., Steketee, G., Ghisi, M., Chiri, L. R., & Franceschini, S. (2007) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.520 · Cited by 86
Association of opioid misuse with anxiety and depression: A systematic review of the literature
Rogers, A. H., Zvolensky, M. J., Ditre, J. W., Buckner, J. D., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.101978 · Cited by 93
Mental Imagery and Emotion in Treatment across Disorders: Using the Example of Depression
Holmes, E. A., Lang, T. J., & Deeprose, C. (2009) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070902980729 · Cited by 88
Sleep and Repetitive Thought
Pillai, V., & Drake, C. L. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-417188-6.00010-4 · Cited by 92
Psychometric Properties of an Insomnia-Specific Measure of Worry: The Anxiety and Preoccupation about Sleep Questionnaire
Jansson‐Fröjmark, M., Harvey, A. G., Lundh, L., Norell‐Clarke, A., & Linton, S. J. (2011) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2010.538432 · Cited by 78
The Influence of Postnatal Psychiatric Disorder on Child Development
Stein, A. L., Lehtonen, A., Harvey, A. G., Nicol-Harper, R., & Craske, M. G. (2008) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000173699 · Cited by 78
“We are using the term ‘preoccupation’ to refer to the core process of recurrent negative thinking that is characteristic across the psychiatric disorders common in the postpartum period, as discussed above. Although recurrent negative thinking is referred to as rumination in the depression literature and as worry in t…”
Background
The autonomic phenotype of rumination
Ottaviani, C., Shapiro, D., Davydov, D. M., Goldstein, I. B., & Mills, P. J. (2009) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.12.014 · Cited by 84
“Glynn et al. (2002) found that the emotional vs.”
Background
The basic neuroscience of emotional experiences in mammals: The case of subcortical FEAR circuitry and implications for clinical anxiety
Panksepp, J., Fuchs, T. A. E., & Iacobucci, P. (2010) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2010.09.014 · Cited by 75
“In this context it may be interesting that several studies on the nature of human worry support the notion that, in contrast to other manifestations of anxiety, worry is an affective state characterized by and contingent on extensive cognitive activity (Fresco et al., 2002; Hazlett-Stevens et al., 2004; Ladouceur et a…”
Background
Evidence for Transdiagnostic Repetitive Negative Thinking and Its Association with Rumination, Worry, and Depression and Anxiety Symptoms: A Commonality Analysis
Gustavson, D. E., du Pont, A., Whisman, M. A., & Miyake, A. (2018) · Collabra Psychology · doi:10.1525/collabra.128 · Cited by 80
“…Thinking for Depression and Anxiety Previous research using measures of repetitive negative thinking has highlighted its relevance to multiple forms of psychopathology, including depression and anxiety (Ciesla, Dickson, Anderson, & Neal, 2011; Fresco et al., 2002; Mahoney et al., 2012; Raes, 2012).”
Subtypes of Rumination in the Relationship Between Negative Life Events and Suicidal Ideation
Chan, S., Miranda, R., & Surrence, K. (2009) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811110902835015 · Cited by 81
“Furthermore, rumination is associated—concurrently and prospectively—with suicidal ideation and behavior (Abramson, Alloy, Hogan et al., 1998; Eshun, 2000; Miranda & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2007; O’Connor & Noyce, 2008; Smith, Alloy, & Abramson, 2006; see Morrison & O’Connor, 2008, for a review).”
A Prospective Study of Brooding and Reflection as Moderators of the Relationship between Stress and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence
Cox, S. J., Funasaki, K., Smith, L., & Mezulis, A. H. (2011) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9373-z · Cited by 83
“These findings also may aid our understanding of the mixed results from previous studies that have examined rumination in a vulnerability-stress model (Burwell and Shirk 2007; Fresco et al. 2002; Joormann et al. 2006; Rude et al. 2007; Treynor et al. 2003).”
A network model of depressive and anxiety symptoms: a statistical evaluation
Cai, H. X., Chen, M., Li, X.-H., Zhang, L., Su, Z., Cheung, T. C. C., Tang, Y., Malgaroli, M., Jackson, T., Zhang, Q., et al. (2024) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02369-5 · Cited by 79
“These ﬁ ndings can inform the development of more effective interventions and preventive strategies for people suffering from these problems.”
Rumination in PTSD as well as in Traumatized and Non-Traumatized Depressed Patients: A Cross-Sectional Clinical Study
Birrer, E., & Michael, T. (2011) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465811000087 · Cited by 78
Negative affectivity, depression, and anxiety: Does rumination mediate the links?
Iqbal, N., & Dar, K. A. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.002 · Cited by 73
“In addition, Muris et al. (2004a) in adolescents and Fresco et al.”
Background
Relations between a ruminative thinking style and obsessive–compulsive symptoms in non-clinical samples
Wahl, K., Ertle, A., Bohne, A., Zurowski, B., & Kordon, A. (2010) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2010.482985 · Cited by 71
“It has been argued from a transdiagnostic perspective that worry and RTS are identical in thought processes but differ in content (Fresco et al., 2002; Segerstrom et al., 2000).”
Background
Worry, emotion control, and anxiety control in older and young adults
Gould, C. E., & Edelstein, B. A. (2010) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.05.009 · Cited by 121
Transdiagnostic assessment of repetitive negative thinking and responses to positive affect: Structure and predictive utility for depression, anxiety, and mania symptoms
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Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with depression: current perspectives
MacKenzie, M., Abbott, K., & Kocovski, N. (2018) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s160761 · Cited by 68
“Worry is typically future-oriented and rumination is past-oriented, and there is significant overlap among these constructs.(36,37) Rumination is a way of coping with distress and refers to repetitively thinking about one’s unpleasant thoughts and feelings and their potential causes and consequences.”
Perceived discrimination, ruminative subtypes, and risk for depressive symptoms in emerging adulthood.
Miranda, R., Polanco-Roman, L., Tsypes, A., & Valderrama, J. (2013) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0033504 · Cited by 68
Are Worry and Rumination Specific Pathways Linking Neuroticism and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder and Mixed Anxiety-Depressive Disorder?
Madrid, H. M., Senra, C., & Ferreiro, F. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156169 · Cited by 74
“However, new data suggest that worry is also associated with depression and rumination with anxiety [22,27].”
Background
Associations between rumination and obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions
Raines, A. M., Vidaurri, D. N., Portero, A. K., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.03.001 · Cited by 69
“…a potentially important transdiagnostic process that contributes to a number of anxiety and mood-related disorders (Abbott & Rapee, 2004; Ehlers & Clark, 2000; Fresco et al., 2002), we hypothesized that frequent RTS would be associated with increased OC symptoms above and beyond the effects of NA.”
Background
A dorsomedial prefrontal cortex-based dynamic functional connectivity model of rumination
Kim, J., Andrews‐Hanna, J. R., Eisenbarth, H., Lux, B. K., Kim, H. J., Lee, E., Lindquist, M. A., Losin, E. A. R., Wager, T. D., & Woo, C. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39142-9 · Cited by 69
“…that ruminative thinking involves dwelling on thoughts that are often high-level, negative, self-referential, past-focused, and verbally-mediated 30,39,40 , our ﬁ ndings support our hypothesis that the DMN ’ s dorsalmedialsubsystemplaysanimportantroleinahigh-level “ mind ’ s mind ” form of…”
Repetitive Negative Thinking Shared Across Rumination and Worry Predicts Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety
Taylor, M. M., & Snyder, H. R. (2021) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-021-09898-9 · Cited by 78
Repetitive Negative Thinking and Eating Disorders: A Meta-Analysis of the Role of Worry and Rumination
Palmieri, S., Mansueto, G., Scaini, S., Caselli, G., Sapuppo, W., Spada, M. M., Sassaroli, S., & Ruggiero, G. M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10112448 · Cited by 66
Abnormal functional connectivity density in first-episode, drug-naive adult patients with major depressive disorder
Zou, K., Gao, Q. C., Long, Z., Xu, F., Sun, X. M., Chen, H., & Sun, X. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.081 · Cited by 64
Worry and Rumination: Styles of Persistent Negative Thinking in Anxiety and Depression
Papageorgiou, C. (2006) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470713143.ch2 · Cited by 64
Differential patterns of physical symptoms and subjective processes in generalized anxiety disorder and unipolar depression
Aldao, A., Mennin, D. S., Linardatos, E., & Fresco, D. M. (2010) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.12.001 · Cited by 61
Self-citation
Thought Control Strategies, Thought Suppression, and Rumination in Depression
Watkins, E. R., & Moulds, M. L. (2009) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct.2009.2.3.235 · Cited by 64
Worry and Rumination in Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Dar, K. A., & Iqbal, N. (2014) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2014.986430 · Cited by 62
“Studies in adults (Fresco et al., 2002; Muris et al., 2005) and children (Broeren et al., 2011) show that both rumination and worry correlate significantly with anxiety and depressive symptoms.”
Background
Differentiating Worry and Rumination: Evidence from Heart Rate Variability During Spontaneous Regulation
Aldao, A., Mennin, D. S., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2012) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9485-0 · Cited by 67
“…diagnostic overlap between GAD and depressive disorders (Watson 2009), it is not surprising that worry is strongly associated with rumination (e.g., Fresco et al. 2002; Segerstrom et al. 2000; Watkins 2008), another perseverative cognitive process that has been primarily conceptualized as…”
BackgroundResultSelf-citation
Preparing for problems: A measure of mental anticipatory processes
Feldman, G. C., & Hayes, A. M. (2004) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2004.05.005 · Cited by 66
Are Rumination and Worry Two Sides of the Same Coin? A Structural Equation Modelling Approach
Topper, M., Molenaar, D., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., & Ehring, T. W. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.038813 · Cited by 71
“…and rumination could be distinguished, with all RRS and PSWQ items almost exclusively loading on separate factors in a variety of populations (D’Hudson & Saling, 2010; Fresco et al., 2002; Goring & Papageorgiou, 2008; Muris, Roelofs, Meesters, & Boomsma, 2004; Rood, Roelofs, Bögels, & Alloy, 2010).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Attentional bias in math anxiety
Rubinsten, O., Levy, H. E., Wohl, H., & Akibli, O. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01539 · Cited by 67
Rumination and Worry: Factor Analysis of Self-Report Measures in Depressed Participants
Goring, H., & Papageorgiou, C. (2007) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9146-x · Cited by 64
“This factor corresponded closely to the ‘‘Absence of Worry’’ factor reported by Fresco, Frankel et al. (2002) .”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
The impact of emotion dysregulation on positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review
Liu, J., Chua, J. J.-X., Chong, S. A., Subramaniam, M., & Mahendran, R. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22915 · Cited by 60
Differences and similarities between obsessive and ruminative thoughts in obsessive-compulsive and depressed patients: A comparative study
Wahl, K., Schönfeld, S., Hissbach, J. C., Küsel, S., Zurowski, B., Moritz, S., Hohagen, F., & Kordon, A. (2011) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.03.002 · Cited by 55
Error detection and posterror behavior in depressed undergraduates.
Compton, R. J., Lin, M., Vargas, G., Carp, J., Fineman, S. L., & Quandt, L. C. (2008) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.8.1.58 · Cited by 63
Pre-sleep Arousal as a Mediator of Relationships Among Worry, Rumination, and Sleep Quality
Yeh, Z., Wung, S.-K., & Lin, C. (2015) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct.2015.8.1.21 · Cited by 57
Early in-session predictors of response to trauma-focused cognitive therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder
Brady, F., Warnock‐Parkes, E., Barker, C., & Ehlers, A. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.10.001 · Cited by 60
Convergent Neural Correlates of Empathy and Anxiety During Socioemotional Processing
Knight, L. K., Stoica, T., Fogleman, N. D., & Depue, B. E. (2019) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00094 · Cited by 63
The Ruminative Response Style in Adolescents: An Examination of Its Specific Link to Symptoms of Depression
Muris, P., Fokke, M., & Kwik, D. (2007) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9120-7 · Cited by 59
“It has been argued that anxiety and depression share various cognitive features (e.g., Kendall & Watson, 1989), and in keeping with this idea recent research has indicated that rumination is just as strongly associated with anxiety as with depression ( Fresco, Frankel, Mennin, Turk, & Heimberg, 2002; Muris et al., 200…”
Background
Predictive Importance of Antenatal Depressive Rumination and Worrying for Maternal–Foetal Attachment and Maternal Well-Being
Schmidt, D., Seehagen, S., Vocks, S., Schneider, S., & Teismann, T. (2016) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-016-9759-z · Cited by 58
“impaired bonding during pregnancy (Fresco et al. 2002; McLaughlin et al. 2007; Müller et al. 2013; O’Mahen et al. 2010).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Exploring the Relationship between Worry and Impulsivity in Military Recruits: The Role of Mindfulness and Self‐compassion as Potential Mediators
Mantzios, M. (2014) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2617 · Cited by 59
Assessing Content Domains of Repetitive Thought in the Anxiety Spectrum: Rumination and Worry in Nonclinical and Clinically Anxious Samples
Rector, N. A., Antony, M. M., Laposa, J. M., Kocovski, N. L., & Swinson, R. P. (2008) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct.2008.1.4.352 · Cited by 56
Experimental effects of rumination styles on salivary cortisol responses
Denson, T. F., Fabiansson, E. C., Creswell, J. D., & Pedersen, W. C. (2008) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-008-9114-0 · Cited by 51
“& Thayer, 2006; Fresco, Frankel, Mennin, Turk, & Heimberg, 2002; Segerstrom, Tsao, Alden, &”
Latent classes of trait affect and cognitive affective regulation strategies are associated with depression, non-suicidal self-injury, and well-being
Burke, T. A., McArthur, B. A., Daryanani, I., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.015 · Cited by 67
Mood-as-input hypothesis and perseverative psychopathologies
Meeten, F., & Davey, G. C. L. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.08.002 · Cited by 52
Hardiness, Perseverative Cognition, Anxiety, and Health-Related Outcomes: A Case for and Against Psychological Hardiness
Kowalski, C. M., & Schermer, J. A. (2018) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294118800444 · Cited by 53
Examining the association between rumination, negative affectivity, and negative affect induced by a paced auditory serial addition task
Feldner, M. T., Leen‐Feldner, E. W., Zvolensky, M. J., & Lejuez, C. W. (2005) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2005.06.002 · Cited by 58
Effect of worry on regional cerebral blood flow in nonanxious subjects.
Hoehn-Saric, R., Lee, J. S., Mcleod, D., & Wong, D. (2005) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2005.05.013 · Cited by 52
Do Financial Concerns Make Workers Less Productive?
Kaur, S., Mullainathan, S., Oh, S. S.-Y., & Schilbach, F. (2024) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qjae038 · Cited by 60
A Vulnerability-Stress Examination of Response Styles Theory in Adolescence: Stressors, Sex Differences, and Symptom Specificity
Stange, J. P., Hamilton, J. L., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2013.812037 · Cited by 49
Psychophysiological correlates of generalized anxiety disorder with or without comorbid depression
Hofmann, S. G., Schulz, S. M., Heering, S., Muench, F. J., & Bufka, L. F. (2010) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.12.016 · Cited by 49
The Relation Between Worry and Mental Health in Nonclinical Population and Individuals with Anxiety and Depressive Disorders: A Meta-Analysis
Vîslă, A., Stadelmann, C., Watkins, E. R., Zinbarg, R. E., & Flückiger, C. (2022) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10288-4 · Cited by 48
Validity and Reliability of Spanish Versions of the Ruminative Responses Scale-Short Form and the Distraction Responses Scale in a Sample of Spanish High School and College Students
Extremera, N., & Fernández‐Berrocal, P. (2006) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.98.1.141-150 · Cited by 47
Worrying and Rumination as Proximal Risk Factors for Suicidal Behaviour
Kerkhof, A. J. F. M., & van Spijker, B. A. J. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119998556.ch12 · Cited by 47
Cognitive and Interpersonal Moderators of Daily Co-occurrence of Anxious and Depressed Moods in Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Starr, L. R., & Davila, J. (2012) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9434-3 · Cited by 51
“…or past-focused and has been strongly linked to depressive symptoms; overall, research suggests that these are related but distinct constructs (Fresco et al. 2002; McLaughlin et al. 2007; Muris et al. 2004; NolenHoeksema et al. 2008; Watkins et al. 2005; although note that previous studies…”
Result
Are Different Forms of Repetitive Negative Thinking Associated With Interpretation Bias in Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Depression?
Krahé, C., Whyte, J., Bridge, L., Loizou, S., & Hirsch, C. R. (2019) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702619851808 · Cited by 46
Repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic cognitive process
Moulds, M. L., & McEvoy, P. M. (2025) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-024-00399-6 · Cited by 55
The effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy on mood-related ruminative response style in depressed adolescents
Wilkinson, P. O., & Goodyer, I. M. (2008) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1753-2000-2-3 · Cited by 48
Impact of mindfulness training on attentional control and anger regulation processes for psychotherapists in training
Vega, B. R., Llorente, J. M., Bayón, C., Cebolla, S., Mira, J., Valverde, C., & Fernández-Liria, A. (2013) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2013.838651 · Cited by 56
Daily stress and coping styles in adolescent hopelessness depression: Moderating effects of gender
Rodriguez-Naranjo, C., & Caño, A. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.027 · Cited by 53
Neuroticism and Somatic Complaints: Concomitant Effects of Rumination and Worry
Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., & Lofthouse, G. (2018) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465818000619 · Cited by 54
“Moreover, previous factor analytical studies have found that worry and rumination items load on separate dimensions (Fresco et al., 2002; Muris et al., 2004; Hoyer et al., 2009).”
BackgroundResult
Does repetitive negative thinking affect attention? Differential effects of worry and rumination on attention to emotional stimuli.
Lewis, E. J., Blanco, I., Raila, H., & Joormann, J. (2019) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000535 · Cited by 43
Emotional working memory training reduces rumination and alters the EEG microstate in anxious individuals
Pan, D., Hoid, D., Gu, R., & Li, X. (2020) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102488 · Cited by 53
“Empirical evidence suggests that rumination tendency is associated with self-reported generalized anxiety symptoms (Fresco et al., 2002; Harrington and Blankenship, 2002), post-traumatic stress (Clohessy and Ehlers, 1999; Mayou et al., 2002; Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991), and social anxiety (Mellings and…”
Background
Psychosocial predictors of chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Sri Lankan tsunami survivors
Lommen, M. J. J., Sanders, A. J. M. L., Buck, N. M. L., & Arntz, A. R. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.10.009 · Cited by 40
A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Worry and Rumination
Stade, E. C., & Ruscio, A. M. (2022) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026221131309 · Cited by 49
“However, in the past two decades, theorists have begun to highlight conceptual overlap between these constructs (e.g., Fresco et al., 2002; Harvey et al., 2004; Segerstrom et al., 2000).”
The unique associations between self-compassion and eating disorder psychopathology and the mediating role of rumination
Fresnics, A. A., Wang, S. B., & Borders, A. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.019 · Cited by 42
“The scale correlates with other measures of rumination (Feldman et al., 2008), similar cognitive processes such as worry (Fresco et al., 2002), and depressive symptoms (Roberts et al., 1998).”
Background
Psychometric properties of the GAD-Q-IV and DERS in older, community-dwelling GAD patients and controls
Staples, A. M., & Mohlman, J. (2012) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.01.005 · Cited by 42
A “triple W”-model of rumination on sadness: why am I feeling sad, what's the meaning of my sadness, and wish I could stop thinking about my sadness (but I can't!)
Raes, F., Hermans, D., Williams, J. M. G., Bijttebier, P., & Eelen, P. (2008) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9137-y · Cited by 58
“Research has shown that rumination and worry are related but distinct cognitive processes ( Fresco, Frankel, Mennin, Turk, & Heimberg, 2002; Papageorgiou & Wells, 1999).”
Background
Hostility/Anger as a Mediator Between College Students’ Emotion Regulation Abilities and Symptoms of Depression, Social Anxiety, and Generalized Anxiety
Asberg, K. K. (2013) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2012.715601 · Cited by 41
Ruminative Response Style
Wisco, B. E., & Nolen–Hoeksema, S. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-045078-0.00010-1 · Cited by 44
A Randomized Trial of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy with Psoriasis Patients
Maddock, A., Hevey, D., D’Alton, P., & Kirby, B. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01242-3 · Cited by 39
The role of mental imagery in depression: negative mental imagery induces strong implicit and explicit affect in depression
Görgen, S. M. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00094 · Cited by 39
Die Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS)–Entwicklung und teststatistische Prüfung einer deutschen Adaption
Görgen, S. M., Hiller, W., & Witthöft, M. (2015) · Diagnostica · doi:10.1026/0012-1924/a000135 · Cited by 40
Solving Tomorrow’s Problems Today? Daily Anticipatory Coping and Reactivity to Daily Stressors
Neupert, S. D., Ennis, G. E., Ramsey, J. L., & Gall, A. A. (2015) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbv003 · Cited by 40
Temporal stability of symptoms of affective disorders, cognitive vulnerability and personality over time
Struijs, S. Y., Lamers, F., Verdam, M. G. E., van Ballegooijen, W., Spinhoven, P., van der Does, W. A. J., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.090 · Cited by 44
“In NESDA, the abbreviated 11-item version was used (only Worry Engagement) as this version was proven psychometrically most sound (Fresco et al., 2002).”
Method
Worries, Preparedness, and Perceived Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Nurses' Mental Health
Galletta, M., Piras, I., Finco, G., Meloni, F., d’Aloja, E., Contu, P., Campagna, M., & Portoghese, I. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.566700 · Cited by 46
“As a result, this dysfunctional response style may compromise emotional processes and negatively influence nurses’ mental health (40), as well as hindering an individual’s goal achievement (41).”
Background
Prevention-focused self-regulation and aggressiveness
Keller, J., Hurst, M., & Üskül, A. K. (2007) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2007.10.005 · Cited by 39
The Role of Repetitive Negative Thoughts in the Vulnerability for Emotional Problems in Non-Clinical Children
Broeren, S., Muris, P., Bouwmeester, S., van der Heijden, K. B., & Abee, A. (2010) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-010-9380-9 · Cited by 46
“In line with previous research in children (Muris et al. 2004, 2009b) and adults (Fresco et al. 2002; Muris et al. 2005b; Roelofs et al. 2008; Segerstrom et al. 2000), the present results demonstrated that (1) worry and rumination were closely related to each other, and (2) both types of repetitive…”
BackgroundResult
Physical activity and depression of Chinese college students: chain mediating role of rumination and anxiety
Liu, Y., Feng, Q., & Guo, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1190836 · Cited by 50
“Other studies also support a significant correlation between rumination and anxiety (Fresco et al., 2002).”
Background
Nostalgia, reflection, brooding: Psychological benefits and autobiographical memory functions
Jiang, T., Cheung, W., Wildschut, T., & Sedikides, C. (2021) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2021.103107 · Cited by 39
Is worry different from rumination? Yes, it is more predictive of psychopathology!
Hoyer, J., Gloster, A. T., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2009) · PubMed Central · doi:10.3205/psm000062 · Cited by 44
“Fresco, Frankel, Mennin, Turk, and Heimberg [20] also examined overlap versus distinctiveness of worry and rumination in a series of exploratory factor analyses.”
Background
Postponing worrisome thoughts in children: the effects of a postponement intervention on perseverative thoughts, emotions and somatic complaints.
Jellesma, F., Verkuil, B., & Brosschot, J. (2009) · Social Science & Medicine (1967) · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.04.031 · Cited by 35
“In this dairy, the following explanation of perseverative thoughts was given, based on definitions of perseverative thoughts found in the literature (Fresco et al., 2002; Jellesma, Meerum Terwogt, Reijntjes, Rieffe, & Stegge, 2005; Verkuil, Brosschot, & Thayer, 2007):”
Method
Antecedents and Outcomes of Uncertainty in Older Adults With Cancer: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Ghodraty-Jabloo, V., Alibhai, S. M. H., Fitch, M. I., Tourangeau, A. E., Ayala, A. P., & Puts, M. T. E. (2017) · Oncology nursing forum · doi:10.1188/17.onf.e152-e167 · Cited by 37
Relationships between insomnia, negative emotionality and attention control
MITCHELL, L., Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (2012) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2012.00567.x · Cited by 43
Mood-as-input and depressive rumination
Hawksley, J., & Davey, G. C. L. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.10.004 · Cited by 36
“, 2008) reflecting different time-oriented content (Alloy, Kelly, Mineka, & Clements, 1990; Barlow, 2002; McLaughlin, Borkovec, & Sibrava, 2007), and being statistically distinguishable (Fresco et al., 2002; Segerstrom, Tsao, Alden, & Craske, 2000), ruminative thinking and worrying may have a perseverative process in…”
Background
Estudo de validação da versão portuguesa da Escala de Respostas Ruminativas – Versão Reduzida
Dinis, A., Pinto‐Gouveia, J., Duarte, C., & Castro, T. (2011) · Psychologica · doi:10.14195/1647-8606_54_7 · Cited by 43
Disorder-specific cognitive profiles in major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder
Hendriks, S., Licht, C., Spijker, J., Beekman, A., Hardeveld, F., de Graaf, R., & Penninx, B. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-96 · Cited by 44
“Rumination has been found significantly correlated to worry [60,61].”
Background
Worry in Psychopathology
Purdon, C. L., & Harrington, J. (2006) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470713143.ch3 · Cited by 37
Diagnostic utility of worry and rumination: A comparison between generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder
Yang, M.-J., Kim, B., Lee, E., Lee, D., Yu, B., Jeon, H. J., & Kim, J. (2014) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12193 · Cited by 34
“rumination are related but distinct cognitive processes that are related to both anxiety and depression.(5,12,33,34) In addition, the present study revealed that self-reported worry and rumination may play a differential role in the diagnosis of GAD and MDD.”
BackgroundResult
Mind wandering in anxiety disorders: A status report
Fell, J., Chaieb, L., & Hoppe, C. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105432 · Cited by 48
“It has been shown that both processes can be well modelled, for instance, either by two highly correlated factors (Fresco et al., 2002), or by one latent factor plus two uncorrelated measurement-specific factors (Topper et al., 2014).”
Computer-mediated communication (CMC) and social support
Rains, S. A., Brunner, S. R., Akers, C., Pavlich, C. A., & Goktas, S. (2016) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407516670533 · Cited by 34
“Rumination has been linked with both uncertainty (Ward, Lyubomirksy, Sousa, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2003) and worry (Fresco, Frankel, Mennin, Turk, & Heimberg, 2002) in prior research.”
Background

Authors: Fresco, D. M., Frankel, A. N., Mennin, D. S., Turk, C. L., & Heimberg, R. G.
Affiliations: Adult Anxiety Clinic of Temple (US)
Corresponding author: Heimberg, Richard G.
ORCID: Fresco, David M.
Mennin, Douglas S.
Turk, Cynthia L.
Heimberg, Richard G.
Venue: Cognitive Therapy and Research
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2002-04
Volume: 26
Issue: 2
Pages: 179-188
ISSN: 0147-5916 (ISSN-L)
1573-2819
DOI: 10.1023/a:1014517718949
OpenAlex: W1503044810
Cited by: 456
References: 23
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 11.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Cognitive Therapy and Research (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
Keywords: rumination, worry, anxiety, depression, negative emotions, cognitive processes, factor structure, comorbid depression and anxiety, university students

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Distinct and Overlapping Features of Rumination and Worry: The Relationship of Cognitive Production to Negative Affective States

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