The DOI matches its Crossref record; 91 of the 104 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Self-Affirmation Reduces Biased Processing of Health-Risk Information
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In the citing paper
“However, in some studies, affirmed participants fail to make the behavioral changes that they predict they will (Harris et al. 2007, Harris & Napper 2005, Reed & Aspinwall 1998; for a review, see Harris & Epton 2010).”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Reed & Aspinwall 1998
In the citing paper
“Evidence supporting this claim can be drawn from experiments showing that positive affect facilitates attention to negative, self-relevant information (Reed & Aspinwall, 1998; Trope & Neter, 1994; Trope & Pomerantz, 1998; for a review, see Aspinwall, 1998).”
From The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. (2001) · cites this paper as Reed & Aspinwall, 1998
In the citing paper
“Positive psychological constructs appear to affect attention and cognitive processing.”
From Positive Psychological Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Rationale, Theoretical Model, and Intervention Development (2015) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“Positive experiences and cognitions can help people better attend to and process health information [37], including unbiased and open appraisal of negative health information [56].”
From Positive Psychological Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Rationale, Theoretical Model, and Intervention Development (2015) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“The heavy caVeine consumers who were aYrmed oriented more rapidly to the risk-confirming information, that is, they looked at this information more quickly and viewed it as more convincing.Furthermore, the aYrmed heavy caVeine consumers recalled less risk-disconfirming information at a one-week follow-up.”
From The psychology of self-defense: Self-affirmation theory (2006) · cites this paper as Reed & Aspinwall, 1998
In the citing paper
“Indirectly, it may promote more positive health behaviors by making people more open to information that they are engaging in risky health behaviors (Harris & Napper, 2005;Reed & Aspinwall, 1998;Sherman et al., 2000).”
From The psychology of self-defense: Self-affirmation theory (2006) · cites this paper as Reed & Aspinwall, 1998
In the citing paper
“When self-integrity is aYrmed, people are less biased in their judgments of information related to their political identity (Cohen et al., 2000), their health (Reed & Aspinwall, 1998;Sherman et al., 2000), and their impressions of others (Fein & Spencer, 1997;Spencer et al., 2001).”
From The psychology of self-defense: Self-affirmation theory (2006) · cites this paper as Reed & Aspinwall, 1998
Citations
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Flagged first, then by citations
13 of the 104 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Aspinwall, L. G., & Brunhart, S. M. (in press). What I do know won't hurt me: Optimism, attention to negative information, coping, and health. In J. Gillham (Ed.), Volume in honor of Martin Seligman's contributions to the science of optimism, hope, and resiliency. Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation.
- Breznitz, S. (1983). The seven kinds of denial. In S. Breznitz (Ed.), The denial of stress (pp. 257–286). New York: International Universities Press.
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- Tesser, A., Martin, L. L., & Cornell, D. P. (1996). On the substitutability of self-protective mechanisms. In P. M. Gollwitzer & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The psychology of action: Linking cognition and motivation to behavior (pp. 48–68). New York: Guilford Press.
- Trope, Y. (1986). Self-assessment, self-enhancement, and achievement behavior. In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition (pp. 350–378). New York: Guilford Press.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Reed, M. B., & Aspinwall, L. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Venue
- Motivation and Emotion
- Published
- 1998-06
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 99-132
- ISSN
- 0146-7239 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6644
- OpenAlex
- W149926111
- Cited by
- 374
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 7.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Motivation and Emotion (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Communication › Media Influence and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Keywords
- self-affirmation, confirmation bias, self-relevant information, caffeine consumption, fibrocystic breast disease, perceived personal control, self-regulation, risk perception
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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