Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 524

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Influence of Environmental Knowledge and Values on Managerial Behaviours on Behalf of the Environment: An Empirical Examination of Managers in China

Open access
Fryxell, Gerald E., Lo, Carlos W. H.·2003·Journal of Business Ethics

Abstract

This study explores linkages between what Chinese managers generally know about environmental issues, how strongly they value environmental protection, and different types of behaviours/actions they may take within their organizations on behalf of the environment. From a sample of 305 managers in Guangzhou and Beijing, it was found that both environmental knowledge and values are more predictive of more personal managerial behaviours, such as keeping informed of relevant company issues and working within the system to minimize environmental impacts, than more overt behaviours. Moreover, for these more personal actions, environmental knowledge and values were found to have both main and interactive effects. By comparison, it was found that both environmental values and knowledge had additive effects on managerial tendencies to initiate new programs within their domain of responsibility. Only environmental values was found to have a modest influence environmental advocacy.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1023/a:1024773012398

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 3 references

Research works printed but not linked: 89

  1. Aiken, L. S. and S. G. West: 1991, Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions (Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA).
  2. Andersson, L. M. and T. S. Bateman: 2000, 'Individual Environmental Initiative: Championing Natural Environmental Issues in U.S. Business Organizations', Academy of Management Journal 43(4), 548–570. · DOI · Paper page
  3. Arbuckle, J. L. and W. Wothke: 2001, Amos User's Guide (V. 4.0) (Smallwaters, Chicago).
  4. Ashford, N. A.: 1993, 'Understanding Technological Responses of Industrial Firms to Environmental Problems: Implication for Government Policy', in J. Schot and K. Fischer (eds.), Environmental Strategies for Industry: International Perspectives on Research Needs and Policy Implications (Island Press, Washington, DC), pp. 277–310.
  5. Banister, J.: 1998, 'Population, Public Health and the Environment in China', The China Quarterly 156, 986–1015. · DOI
  6. Benton, R.: 1994, 'Environmental Knowledge and Attitudes of Undergraduate Business Students Compared to Non–business Students', Business and Society 33(2), 191–205. · DOI
  7. Catton, W. R., Jr. and R. E. Dunlap: 1980, 'A New Ecological Paradigm for Post–exuberant Sociology', American Behavioural Scientist 24, 15–47. · DOI · Paper page
  8. Chan, H. S., K. K. Wong, K. C. Cheung and J. M. K. Lo: 1995, 'The Implementation Gap in Environmental Management in China: The Case of Guangzhou, Zhengzhou, and Nanjing', Public Administration Review 55(4), 333–340. · doi:10.2307/977124
  9. Chen Jianfu: 2002, 'Implementation of Law in China–An Introduction', in Juanfu Chen, Yuwen Li and J. M. Otto (eds.), Implementation of Law in the People's Republic of China (Kluwer Law International, The Hague), pp. 1–22. · doi:10.1163/9789004481183
  10. Cheng, J. Y. S. (ed.): 1998, The Guangdong Development Model and its Challenge (City University Press, Hong Kong).
  11. Cheng, J. Y. S. (ed.): 2000, Guangdong in the Twenty–first Century: Stagnation or Second Take–off? (City University Press, Hong Kong).
  12. Cheng, J. Y. S. and S. McPherson (eds.): 1994, Development in Southern China: A Report in the Pearl River Delta Region (Longman, Hong Kong).
  13. China Environment News: 1998, 'The Survey of Environmental Consciousness of Secondary and Primary Students in China', in Xi Xiaolin and Xu Qinghua (eds.), Investigation of Public Environmental Consciousness in China (China Environmental Science Press, Beijing), pp. 224–240 (in Chinese).
  14. China Environment Yearbook, 1990–2001 (China Environment Year Book Press, Beijing (in Chinese)).
  15. China Environment Year Book Editorial Committee: 2000, China Environment Year Book 2000 (China Environment Year Book House, Beijing (in Chinese)).
  16. China Environment Year Book Editorial Committee: 2001, China Environment Year Book 2001 (China Environment Year Book House, Beijing (in Chinese)).
  17. China Quarterly 1998. Special issue: China's environment. December.
  18. Chinander, K. R.: 2001, 'Aligning Accountability and Awareness for Environmental Performance in Operations', Production and Operations Management 10(3), 276–291. · DOI
  19. Des Jardins, J. R.: 1997, Environmental Ethics: An Introduction to Environmental Philosophy, 2nd ed. (Wadsworth, Belmont, CA).
  20. Devall, W. and G. Sessions: 1985, Deep Ecology: Living As If Nature Mattered (Gibbs M. Smith, Salt Lake City).
  21. De Young, R.: 2000, 'Expanding and Evaluating Motives for Environmentally Responsible Behavior', Journal of Social Issues 56(3), 509–526. · DOI · Paper page
  22. Di Norcia, V.: 1996, 'Environmental and Social Performance', Journal of Business Ethics (July), 773–789. · doi:10.1007/bf00381741
  23. Edmonds, R. L.: 1994, Patterns of China's Lost Harmony (Routledge, London). · doi:10.4324/9780203299579
  24. Elkington, J.: 1998, Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business (New Society, Gabriola Island, Canada).
  25. Ellen, S.: 1994, 'Do We Know What We Need to Know? Objective and Subjective Knowledge Effects on Pro–ecological Behaviours', Journal of Business Research 30, 43–52. · DOI · Paper page
  26. Egri, C. P. and L. T. Pinfield: 1996, 'Organization and the Biosphere: Ecologies and Environments', in S. Clegg, C. Hardy and W. Nord (eds.), Handbook of Organization Studies (Sage, London), pp. 459–483.
  27. Egri, C. P. and S. Herman: 2000, 'Leadership in the North American Environmental Sector: Values, Leadership Styles, and Context of Environmental Leaders and their Organizations', Academy of Management Journal 43(4), 571–604. · DOI · Paper page
  28. Fryxell, G. E. and C. W. H. Lo: 2001, 'Organizational Membership and Environmental Ethics: A Comparison of Managers in State–owned Firms, Collectives, Private Firms and Joint Ventures in the PRC', World Development 29(11), 1941–1956. · doi:10.1016/s0305-750x(01)00078-x
  29. Fryxell, G. E and A. Szeto: 2002, 'The Influence of Motivations for Seeking ISO Certification on EMS Effectiveness: An Empirical Study of Certified Facilities in Hong Kong', Journal of Environmental Management 65(3), 223–238. · doi:10.1006/jema.2001.0538
  30. Gladwin, T. N., J. J. Kennelly and T. Krause: 1995, 'Shifting Paradigms for Sustainable Development: Implications for Management Theory and Research', Academy of Management Review 20, 874–907. · DOI · Paper page
  31. Golley, F. B.: 1998, A Primer for Environmental Literacy (Yale University, New Haven, CO). · DOI
  32. Guthrie, D.: 1999, Dragon in a Three–piece Suit: The Emergence of Capitalism in China (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ). · DOI · Paper page
  33. Hart, S.: 1997, 'Beyond Greening: Strategies for a Sustainable World', Harvard Business Review 75(1), 66–76.
  34. Hosmer, L. T.: 1987, The Ethics of Management (Irwin, Homewood, IL).
  35. Ikels, C.: 1996, The Return of the God of Wealth: The Transition to a Market Economy in Urban China (Standford University Press, Standford, California). · DOI
  36. Kaplan, S.: 2000, 'Human Nature and Environmentally Responsible Behavior', Journal of Social Issues 56(3), 491–508. · DOI · Paper page
  37. Killbourne, W. E., S. C. Beckman, A. Lewis and Y. Van Dam: 2001, 'A Multinational Examination of the Role of the Dominant Social Paradigm in Environmental Attitudes of University Students', Environment and Behavior 33(2), 209–228. · DOI
  38. Li, H.: 2002, 'Discussion of Desertification Problems and Countermeasures in China', Environmental Protection 2, 23–36 (in Chinese).
  39. Lieberthal, K.: 1995, Governing China: From Revolution through Reform (W.W. Norton, London).
  40. Liu, Hongzhi: 2002, 'Analysis and Suggestion on National Water Pollution Control in the New Period', Environmental Protection 2, 9–12 (in Chinese).
  41. Liu, Y. Q.: 1997, 'Entrepreneurs' Environmental Consciousness and Self–disciplined Behaviours', Environmental Management in China 2, 16–18 (in Chinese).
  42. Lo, C. W. H.: 1995, 'Environmental Protection in Hong Kong Amidst Transition: Is Hong Kong Ready to Manage its Environment by Law?', Environmental Management 19(3), 331–344.
  43. Lo, C. W. H. and S. S. Chung: 2003, 'China's Green Challenges in the 21st Century', in J. Y. S. Cheng (ed.), China's Challenges in the Twenty–first Century (City University Press, Hong Kong), pp. 719–769.
  44. Lo, C. W. H. and S. W. Leung: 1998, 'Environmental Protection and Popular Environmental Consciousness in China', in J. Y. S. Cheng (ed.), China Review 1998 (Chinese University Press, Hong Kong), pp. 501–541.
  45. Lo, C. W. H. and S. W. Leung: 2000, 'Environmental Agency and Public Opinion in Guangzhou: The Limits of a Popular Approach to Environmental Governance', The China Quarterly 163, 677–704. · DOI
  46. Lotcpeich, R. and A. Chen: 1997, 'Environmental Protection in the People's Republic of China', Journal of Contemporary China 6(14), 33–59. · doi:10.1080/10670569708724264
  47. Ma, X. Y. and L. Ortolano: 2000, Environmental Regulation in China: Institutions, Enforcement, and Compliance (Rowan & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., NY). · doi:10.5771/9780742578524
  48. Maloney, M. P., M. P. Ward and G. N. Braucht: 1975, 'Psychology in Action: A Revised Scale for the Measurement of Ecological Attitudes and Knowledge', American Psychologist 30, 787–790. · DOI · Paper page
  49. McElroy, M. B.: 1998, 'Industrial Growth, Air Pollution, Environmental Damage: Complex Challenges for China', in M. B. McElroy, C. P. Nielsen and P. Lydon (eds.), Energizing China: Reconciling Environmental Protection and Economic Growth (Harvard University Committee on Environment, MA), pp. 241–265.
  50. McElroy, M. B., C. P. Nielsen and P. Lydon (eds.): 1998, Energizing China: Reconciling Environmental Protection and Economic Growth (Harvard University Committee on Environment, MA).
  51. McLaughlin, A.: 1993, Regarding Nature (State University of New York Press, Albany).
  52. Morris, L. A., M. Hastak and M. B. Mazis: 1995, 'Consumer Comprehension of Environmental Advertising and Labelling Claims', The Journal of Consumer Affairs 29(2), 328–350. · DOI
  53. Newman, J. C. and K. M. Breeden: 1992, 'Managing in the Environmental Era: Lessons from Environmental Leaders', Columbia Journal of World Business 27(3 & 4), 210–221.
  54. Niu, Wenyuan: 2003, 'The Construction of Ecological Environment Capacity in China is Both a Difficult Task and a Long Process', Ecological Environment and Protection 1, 10–13 (in Chinese).
  55. Ng, T. L. (ed.): 1991, New Environmental Paradigm Survey 1991 (Hong Kong Environment Centre, Hong Kong).
  56. Nunnally, J. C.: 1978, Psychometric Theory, 2nd ed. (McGraw–Hill, New York).
  57. Oi, J.: 1999, Rural China Takes Off: Institutional Foundations of Economic Reform (University of California Press, Berkeley). · doi:10.1525/9780520922402
  58. Panayotou, T.: 1997, 'The Effectiveness and Efficiency of Environmental Policy in China', in M. B. McElroy, C. P. Nielsen and P. Lydon (eds.), Energizing China: Reconciling Environmental Protection and Economic Growth (Harvard University Committee on Environment, MA), pp. 431–472.
  59. Pearson, M.: 1997, China's New Business Elite (University of California Press, Berkeley). · doi:10.1525/9780520923140
  60. Perry, W. G.: 1970, Forms of Intellectual and Ethical Development in the College Years: A Scheme (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York).
  61. Ralston, D. A., D. J. Gustafson, F. Cheung and R. H. Terpstra: 1992, 'Eastern Values: A Comparison of U.S., Hong Kong and PRC Managers', Journal of Applied Psychology 77, 664–671. · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.77.5.664 · Paper page
  62. Rock, N. T.: 2002, 'Pathways to Industrial Environmental Improvement in the East Asian Newly Industrializing Economies', Business Strategy and the Environment 11, 90–102. · doi:10.1002/bse.322
  63. Ross, L.: 1988, Environmental Policy in China (Indiana University Press, Bloomington).
  64. Schmidheiny, S.: 1992, Changing Course: A Global Business Perspective on Development and the Environment (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA).
  65. Shrivastava, P.: 1995, 'Ecocentric Management for a Risk Society', Academy of Management Review 20, 118–137. · DOI · Paper page
  66. Sinkule, B. J. and L. Ortolano: 1995, Implementing Environmental Policy in China (Praeger Publishers, Westport, Connecticut).
  67. Sit, V. F. S.: 1995, Beijing: The Nature and Planning of a Chinese Capital City (John Wiley & Sons, New York).
  68. Smil, V.: 1993, China's Environmental Crisis: An Inquiry into the Limits of National Development (M.E. Sharpe, Armonk).
  69. Smil, V.: 1998, 'China's Energy and Resource Uses: Continuity and Change', The China Quarterly 156, 935–951. · doi:10.1017/s0305741000051407
  70. State Environmental Protection Administration (ed.): 1998, The Practice and Exploration of Environmental Education in China's Tertiary Institutions (China Environmental Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese)).
  71. State Environmental Protection Administration: 2001, '2000 Report on the State of Environment in China', Environmental Protection 7, 2–8 (in Chinese).
  72. Stavins, R. N.: 2000, 'Market–based Environmental Policies', in P. R. Portney and R. N. Stavins (eds.), Public Policies for Environmental Protection, 2nd edition (Resources for the Future, Washington, DC), pp. 31–76.
  73. United Nations Environment Programme: 2001, Buried Treasure: Uncovering the Business Case for Corporate Sustainability (SustainAbility, London).
  74. van Rooij, B.: 2002, 'Implementing Chinese Environmental Law through Enforcement'¯ in Juanfu Chen, Yuwen Li and J. M. Otto (eds.), Implementation of Law in the People's Republic of China(Kluwer Law International, The Hague), pp. 149–178. · doi:10.1163/9789004481183_012
  75. Vermeer, E. B.: 1998, 'Industrial Pollution in China and Remedial Policies', The China Quarterly 156, 952–985. · doi:10.1017/s0305741000051419
  76. Vogel, E. F.: 1989, One Step Ahead in China: Guangdong Under Reform (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).
  77. Walley, N. and B. Whitehead: 1994, 'It's Not Easy Being Green', Harvard Business Review (May–June), 46–52.
  78. Wang, J. and X. Lu: 1997, 'Economic Policies for Environmental Protection in China: Practice and perspectives', in OECD (ed.), Applying Market–based Instruments to Environmental Policies in China and OECD Countries (OECD), pp. 15–30.
  79. Wang, Y.: 2001, 'City Environmental and Sustainable Development', Environmental Protection 6, 3–.
  80. World Resources Institute: 1998, World Resources Report: Environmental Change and Human Health (Oxford University Press, New York).
  81. World Resources Institute: 2002, Beyond Grey Pinstripes: Preparing MBAs for Social and Environmental Stewardship (World Resources Institute, Washington, DC).
  82. Xi, X. and Q. Xu (eds.): 1998, Investigation of Public Environmental Consciousness in China (China Environmental Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese)).
  83. Xu, X.: 1998, 'Air Pollution and its Health Effects in Urban China', in M. B. McElroy, C. P. Nielsen,and P. Lydon (eds.), Energizing China: Reconciling Environmental on Environment.
  84. Yeung, Y. M.: 1998, Guangdong: Survey of a Province Undergoing Rapid Change (Chinese University Press, Hong Kong).
  85. Yu, W. and X. B. Dong: 1997, 'Examining Environmental Management on the Basis of Enterprise's Environmental Consciousness and Behaviours', Environmental Protection 2, 28–29 (in Chinese).
  86. Zelezny, L. C., P. Chua and C. Aldrich: 2000, 'Elaborating on Gender Differences in Environmentalism', Journal of Social Issues 56(3), 443–457. · DOI · Paper page
  87. Zheng, Y. S. and S. W. Wang: 2001, China Environment and Development Review, Vol. 1 (Social Sciences Documentation Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese)).
  88. Zhou Y.: 1997, Population and Resources, Sustainable Development in Environment and Agriculture in China in the Twenty–first Century (Shanxi jingji chubanshe, Taiyuan (in Chinese)).
  89. Zweig, D.: 1997, Freeing China's Farmers: Rural Restructuring in the Reform Era (M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, NY).

Cited by

See all 524

Metadata

Authors
Fryxell, G. E., & Lo, C. W. H.
Venue
Journal of Business Ethics
Published
2003-08
Volume
46
Issue
1
Pages
45-69
ISSN
  • 0167-4544 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-0697
OpenAlex
W1495916302
Cited by
524
References
3
FWCI
7.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green
Licence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Influence of Environmental Knowledge and Values on Managerial Behaviours on Behalf of the Environment: An Empirical Examination of Managers in China. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1023/a:1024773012398
The paper
Fryxell, G. E., & Lo, C. W. H. (2003). The Influence of Environmental Knowledge and Values on Managerial Behaviours on Behalf of the Environment: An Empirical Examination of Managers in China. Journal of Business Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1023/a%3A1024773012398

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.