The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Infant–Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA): Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124192021002005 · Cited by 27,200
An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties.
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.56.6.893 · Cited by 14,407
Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: a developmental taxonomy
Moffitt, T. E. (1993) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.100.4.674 · Cited by 9,987
Achenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.213 · Cited by 5,436
Measurement Invariance, Factor Analysis and Factorial Invariance
Meredith, W. (1993) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02294825 · Cited by 4,536
Masten, A. S., & Coatsworth, J. D. (1998) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.53.2.205 · Cited by 2,438
Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., Spinrad, T. L., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Reiser, M., Murphy, B. C., Losoya, S. H., & Guthrie, I. K. (2001) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00337 · Cited by 1,580
Development of concern for others.
Zahn-Waxler, C., Radke-Yarrow, M., Wagner, E., & Chapman, M. (1992) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.28.1.126 · Cited by 1,314
The classification of children's psychiatric symptoms: A factor-analytic study.
Achenbach, T. M. (1966) · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied · doi:10.1037/h0093906 · Cited by 885
Research works printed but not linked: 73
- Achenbach, T. M. (1992). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/2-3 & 1992 Profile. Burlington: University of Vermont.
- Achenbach, T. M. (2000). Assessment of psychopathology. In A. Sameroff & M. Lewis (Eds.), Handbook of developmental psychopathology (pp. 549-566). New York: Plenum.
- Achenbach, T. M., Edelbrock, C., & Howell, C. (1987). Empirically-based assessment of the behavioral/emotional problems of 2–3 year old children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 15, 629-650. · DOI · Paper page
- Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2000). Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms and profiles. Burlington: University of Vermont.
- American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
- Anderson, D. R. (1983). Prevalence of behavioral and emotional disturbance and specific problem types in a sample of disadvantaged preschool-aged children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 12, 130-136. · DOI
- Bollen, K. A., & Long, J. S. (Eds.). (1993). Testing structural equation models. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
- Briggs-Gowan, M., & Carter, A.S. (1998). Preliminary acceptability and psychometrics of the Infant–Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA): A new adult-report questionnaire. Infant Mental Health Journal, 19, 422-445. · DOI · Paper page
- Briggs-Gowan, M., Carter, A. S., & Schwab-Stone, M. (1996). Discrepancies among mother, child and teacher reports: Examining the contributions of maternal depression and anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 749-765. · DOI · Paper page
- Briggs-Gowan, M. J., Carter, A. S., Skuban, E. M., & Horwitz, S. M. (2001). Prevalence of social–emotional and behavioral problems in a community sample of 1-and 2-year-olds. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 40, 811-819. · DOI · Paper page
- Browne, M. W., & Arminger, G. (1995). Specification and estimation of mean-and covariance-structure models. In G. Arminger, C. C. Clogg, & M. E. Sobal (Eds.), Handbook of statistical modeling for the social and behavioral sciences (pp. 185-249). New York: Plenum. · DOI · Paper page
- Buss, A. H., & Plomin, R. (1975). A temperament theory of personality. New York: Wiley.
- Campbell, S. B. (1990). Behavior problems in preschool children: Clinical and developmental issues. New York: Guilford.
- Campbell, S. B. (1995). Behavior problems in preschool children: A review of recent research. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, 113-149. · DOI · Paper page
- Campbell, S. B., & Ewing, L. J. (1990). Hard to manage preschoolers: Adjustment at age nine and predictors of continuing symptoms. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, 871-889. · DOI · Paper page
- Carter, A. S. (2002). Assessing social–emotional and behavior problems and competencies in infancy and toddlerhood: Available instruments and directions for application. In B. Zuckerman, A. Lieberman, & N. Fox (Eds.), Emotion regulation and developmental health: Infancy and early childhood (pp. 277-299). New York: Johnson & Johnson Pediatric Institute.
- Carter, A. S., & Briggs-Gowan, M. (1993). The Infant–Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA). Unpublished Measure. Yale University Department of Psychology, New Haven, CT. University of Massachusets Boston Department of Psychology, Boston, MA. Available by request at alice.carter@umb.edu.
- Carter, A.S., & Briggs-Gowan, M. (2000). The Infant–Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA). Unpublished Manual. University of Massachusetts Boston Department of Psychology, Boston, MA. Yale University, New Haven, CT. Available by request at alice.carter@umb.edu
- Carter, A. S., Grigorenko, E. L., & Pauls, D. L. (1995). A Russian adaptation of the Child Behavior Checklist: Psychometric properties and associations with child and maternal affective symptomatology and family functioning. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23, 661-684. · DOI
- Carter, A. S., Little, C., Briggs-Gowan, M. J., & Kogan, N. (1999). The Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA): Comparing parent ratings to laboratory observations of task mastery, emotional regulation, coping behaviors and attachment status. Infant Mental Health Journal, 20, 375-392. · DOI
- Cicchetti, D., & Cohen, D. J. (1995). Perspectives on developmental psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Vol. I. Theory and methods (pp. 3-20). New York: Wiley.
- Cornely, P., & Bromet, E. (1986). Prevalence of behavior problems in three-year-old children living near Three Mile Island: A comparative analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27, 489-498. · DOI
- Cummings, E. M., Iannotti, R., & Zahn-Waxler, C. (1989). Aggression between peers in early childhood: Individual continuity and developmental change. Child Development, 60, 887-895. · DOI · Paper page
- DelCarmen-Wiggins, R., & Carter, A. S. (2001). Introduction: Assessment of infant mental health: Advances and challenges. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 8-10. · DOI
- Downey, G., & Coyne, J. C. (1990). Children of depressed parents: An integrative report. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 50-76. · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.1.50 · Paper page
- Earls, F. (1980). Prevalence of behavior problems in 3-year-old children: A cross-national replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 1153-1157. · DOI · Paper page
- Earls, F., & Jung, K. G. (1987). Temperament and home environment characteristics as causal factors in the early development of childhood psychopathology. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 491-498. · DOI
- Easterbrooks, A., & Goldberg, W. (1990). Security of toddler–parent attachment: Relation to children's socio-personality functioning during kindergarten. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years (pp. 221-224). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Eisenberg, N., & Mussen, P. H. (1989). The roots of prosocial behavior in children. New York: Cambridge University Press. · DOI · Paper page
- Erickson, M. F., Sroufe, L. A., & Egeland, B. (1985). The relationship between quality of attachment and behavior problems in preschool in a high-risk sample. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50, 147-166. · DOI · Paper page
- Fischer, M., Rolf, J. E., Hasazi, J. E., & Cummings, L. (1984). Follow-up of a preschool epidemiologic sample: Cross-age continuities and predictions of later adjustment with internalizing and externalizing dimensions of behavior. Child Development 55, 137-150. · doi:10.2307/1129840 · Paper page
- Gelfand, D. M., & Teti, D. M. (1990). The effects of maternal depression on children. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 329-353. · DOI · Paper page
- Goldsmith, H. H., & Lemery, K. S. (2000). Linking temperamental fearfulness and anxiety symptoms: A behavior-genetic perspective. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 1199-1209. · DOI · Paper page
- Ireton, H. (1992). Child Development Inventory. Minneapolis, MN: Behavior Science Systems.
- Joreskog, K. G. & Sorbom, D. (1999). LISREL 8.3 user's reference guide. Scientific Software, Inc., Chicago, IL.
- Keenan, K., & Shaw, D. (1997). Developmental and social influences on young girls' early problem behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 95-113. · DOI · Paper page
- Koot, H. M., & Verhulst, F. C. (1991). Prevalence of problem behavior in Dutch children aged 2–3. Acta Psychiatric Scandinavica: Supplementum 83, 37.
- Little, T. D. (1997). Mean and covariance structures (MACS) analyses of cross-cultural data: Practical and theoretical issues. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32, 53-76. · DOI · Paper page
- Loehlin, J. C. (1992). Latent variable models. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Luk, S., Leung, P. W., Bacon-Shone, J., & Lieh-Mak, F. (1991). The structure and prevalence of behavioral problems in Hong Kong preschool children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 19, 219-232. · DOI
- Lyon, M. E., & Plomin, R. (1981). The measurement of temperament using parental ratings. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 22, 47-53. · DOI
- Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & McDonald, R. P. (1988). Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 391-410. · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.391 · Paper page
- Masten, A. S., & Coatsworth, J. D. (1995). Competence, resilience, and psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Vol. I. Theory and methods (pp. 23-56). New York: Wiley.
- Mathiesen, K. S., & Sanson, A. (2000). Dimensions of early childhood behavior problems: Stability and predictors of change from 18 to 30 months. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28, 15-31. · DOI · Paper page
- McGuire, J., & Richman, N. (1986). Screening for behaviour problems in nurseries: The reliability and validity of the Preschool Behaviour Checklist. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 27, 455-472. · DOI
- Mullen, E. M. (1989). Infant Mullen Scales of early learning. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
- Murray, L. (1992). The impact of postnatal depression on infant development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 33, 543-561. · DOI · Paper page
- Nagin, D., & Tremblay, R.E. (1999). Trajectories of boys' physical aggression, opposition, and hyperactivity on the path to physically violent and non-violent juvenile delinquency. Child Development, 70, 1181-1196. · DOI · Paper page
- Najman, J. M., Williams, G. M., Nikles, J., Spence, S., Bor, W., O'Callaghan, M., et al. (2001). Bias influencing maternal reports of child behaviour and emotional state. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 36, 186-194. · DOI · Paper page
- Newth, S. J., & Corbett, J. (1993). Behavior and emotional problems in three-year-old children of Asian parentage. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 333-352. · DOI
- Offord, D. R., Boyle, M. H., & Racine, Y. (1989). Ontario Child Health Study: Correlates of disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 856-860. · DOI · Paper page
- Pierce, E. W., Ewing, L. J., & Campbell, S. B. (1999). Diagnostic status and symptomatic behavior of hard-to-manage preschool children in middle childhood and early adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 28, 44-57. · DOI
- Plomin, R. (1976). A twin and family study of personality in young children. Journal of Psychology, 94, 233-235. · DOI
- Prior, M., Smart, D., Sanson, A., Pedlow, R., & Oberklaid, F. (1992). Transient versus stable behavior problems in a normative sample: Infancy to school age. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 17, 423-443. · DOI
- Radke-Yarrow, M., Nottelmann, E., Martinez, P., Fox, M. B., & Belmont, B. (1992). Young children of affectively ill parents: A longitudinal study of psychosocial development. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 68-77. · DOI · Paper page
- Radke-Yarrow, M., & Zahn-Waxler, C. (1984). Roots, motives, and patterns and children's prosocial behavior. In E. Staub, D. Bar-Tal, J. Karylowski, & J. Reykowski (Eds.), The development and maintenance of prosocial behavior: International perspectives on positive morality (pp. 81-99). New York: Plenum. · DOI
- Rende, R. D. (1993). Longitudinal relations between temperament traits and behavioral syndromes in middle childhood. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 287-290. · DOI
- Richman, N., Stevenson, J. E., & Graham, P. J. (1975). Prevalence of behavior problems in 3-year-old children: An epidemiological study in a London borough. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 16, 277-287. · DOI · Paper page
- Richman, N., Stevenson, J., & Graham, P. J. (1982). Pre-school to school: A behavioral study. London: Academic Press.
- Rothbart, M. K. (1981). Measurement of temperament in infancy. Child Development, 52, 569-578. · doi:10.2307/1129176 · Paper page
- Rothbart, M. K., & Putnam, S. P. (2002). Temperament and socialization. In L. Pulkkinen, & A. Caspi, (Eds.), Paths to successful development: Personality in the life course (pp. 19-45). New York: Cambridge University Press. · DOI
- Rowe, D. C., & Plomin, R. (1977). Temperament in early childhood. Journal of Personality Assessment, 41, 150-156. · DOI · Paper page
- Saarni, C. (1988). Emotional competence: How emotions and relationships become integrated. In R.A. Thompson (Ed.), Nebraska Sy mposium on Motivation: Socioemotional development: Vol. 36 Current theory and research in motivation, (pp. 115-182). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
- Sameroff, A. J., & Emde, R. N. (Eds.). (1989). Relationship disturbances in early childhood: A developmental approach. New York: Basic Books.
- Shaw, D. S., Keenan, K., & Vondra, J. I. (1994). Developmental precursors of externalizing behavior: Age 1 to 3. Developmental Psychology, 30, 355-364. · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.30.3.355 · Paper page
- Shaw, D. S., Owens, E. B., Giovannelli, J., & Winslow, E. B. (2001). Infant and toddler pathways leading to early externalizing disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 36-43. · DOI · Paper page
- Shaw, D. S., & Vondra, J. I. (1995). Infant attachment security and maternal predictors of early behavior problems: A longitudinal study of low-income families. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23, 335-357. · DOI · Paper page
- Sparrow, S. S., Balla, D. A., & Cicchetti, D. (1984). Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: Expanded Form. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
- Thompson, M. J. J., Stevenson, J., Sonuga-Barke, E., Nott, P., Bhatti, Z., Price, A., et al. (1996). Mental health of preschool children and their mothers in a mixed urban/rural population: I. Prevalence and ecological factors. British Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 16-20. · DOI
- Tucker, L. R., & Lewis, C. (1973). A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 38, 1-10. · DOI · Paper page
- U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1999). Mental health: A report of the Surgeon General--Executive summary. Rockdale, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health.
- Zeanah, C. H. (Ed.). (2000). Handbook of infant mental health (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.
- Zero to Three, National Center for Infant, Toddlers, and Families. (1994). Diagnostic classification: 0–3. Diagnostic classification of mental health and developmental disorders of infancy and early childhood. Washington, DC: Author.
Cited by
Davis, N. O., & Carter, A. S. (2008) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0512-z · Cited by 1,212
Self-citationCostello, E. J., Egger, H., & Angold, A. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000172552.41596.6f · Cited by 1,134
Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence: Gender and Psychopathology
Zahn-Waxler, C., Shirtcliff, E. A., & Marceau, K. (2008) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091358 · Cited by 1,072
Briggs-Gowan, M. J. (2004) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsh017 · Cited by 573
Self-citationAttachment in institutionalized and community children in Romania.
Zeanah, C. H., Smyke, A. T., Koga, S. F., Carlson, E., & The Bucharest Early Intervention Project Core Group (2005) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00894.x · Cited by 516
Metadata
- Authors
- Carter, A. S., Briggs-Gowan, M. J., Jones, S. M., & Little, T. D.
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2003-10
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 495-514
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- OpenAlex
- W1579185664
- Cited by
- 646
- References
- 11
- FWCI
- 11.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
- www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Infant–Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA): Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1023/a:1025449031360
- The paper
- Carter, A. S., Briggs-Gowan, M. J., Jones, S. M., & Little, T. D. (2003). The Infant–Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA): Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1023/a%3A1025449031360
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.