The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Buffering Impostor Feelings with Kindness: The Mediating Role of Self-compassion between Gender-Role Orientation and the Impostor Phenomenon
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures


Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Self-compassion is theoretically and empirically positioned as a counterbalance to the harsh self-evaluation embedded in IP, yet large-scale evidence in doctoral populations is limited.”
From Exploring relationships between self-compassion, impostor phenomenon, and mental health among doctoral students (2025) · cites this paper as Patzak et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“Self-compassion is theoretically and empirically positioned as a counterbalance to the harsh self-evaluation embedded in IP, yet large-scale evidence in doctoral populations is limited.”
From Exploring relationships between self-compassion, impostor phenomenon, and mental health among doctoral students (2025) · cites this paper as Patzak et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“With strong theoretical links between IP, self-compassion, and mental health, there is a need for more research on the utility of a self-compassion framework to counteract the mental distress associated with IP among doctoral students (Patzak et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2023).”
From Exploring relationships between self-compassion, impostor phenomenon, and mental health among doctoral students (2025) · cites this paper as Patzak et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“As a potential antidote to the self-doubt associated with negative self-assessments, self-compassion is associated with lower mental distress due to IP and may help doctoral students navigate the challenges of doctoral education more effectively (Patzak et al., 2017; Richardson et al., 2020).”
From Exploring relationships between self-compassion, impostor phenomenon, and mental health among doctoral students (2025) · cites this paper as Patzak et al., 2017
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders.
Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.109.3.573 · Cited by 7,300
The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion
NEFF, K. D. (2003) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860309027 · Cited by 6,436
Self-Compassion: An Alternative Conceptualization of a Healthy Attitude Toward Oneself
NEFF, K. (2003) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860309032 · Cited by 5,440
A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self-compassion program
Neff, K. D., & Germer, C. K. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.21923 · Cited by 2,253
The imposter phenomenon in high achieving women: Dynamics and therapeutic intervention.
Clance, P. R., & Imes, S. A. (1978) · Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice · doi:10.1037/h0086006 · Cited by 2,212
Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology
MacBeth, A., & Gumley, A. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.06.003 · Cited by 1,838
The Costly Pursuit of Self-Esteem
Crocker, J., & Park, L. E. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.392 · Cited by 1,402
Self-compassion and Psychological Resilience Among Adolescents and Young Adults
Neff, K. D., & McGehee, P. (2010) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860902979307 · Cited by 1,232
Self-compassion, Achievement Goals, and Coping with Academic Failure
Neff, K. D., Hsieh, Y.-P., & Dejitterat, K. (2005) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/13576500444000317 · Cited by 1,221
Gender stereotypes about intellectual ability emerge early and influence children's interests
Bian, L., Leslie, S.-J., & Cimpian, A. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aah6524 · Cited by 1,206
Research works printed but not linked: 53
- Allen, 2012, Self-compassion and well-being among older adults., Self Identity, 11, 428, 10.1080/15298868.2011.595082 · DOI
- 2010, Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association
- Baars, 2014, Early identification and characterization of students who drop out in the first year at university., J. Coll. Stud. Ret., 16, 95, 10.2190/CS.16.1.e · DOI
- Barnard, 2012, The relationship of clergy burnout to self-compassion and other personality dimensions., Pastoral Psychol., 61, 149, 10.1007/s11089-011-0377-0 · DOI
- Bask, 2013, Burned out to drop out: exploring the relationship between school burnout and school dropout., Eur. J. Psychol. Educ., 28, 511, 10.1007/s10212-012-0126-5 · DOI
- Bernard, 2002, Applying the big five personality factors to the impostor phenomenon., J. Pers. Assess., 78, 321, 10.1207/S15327752JPA7802_07 · DOI
- Bem, 1974, The measurement of psychological androgyny., J. Consult. Clin. Psychol., 42, 155, 10.1037/h0036215 · DOI · Paper page
- Blickenstaff, 2005, Women and science careers: leaky pipeline or gender filter?, Gend. Educ., 17, 369, 10.1080/09540250500145072 · DOI
- Breines, 2012, Self-compassion increases self-improvement motivation., Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull., 38, 1133, 10.1177/0146167212445599 · DOI
- 1995, Ethikrichtlinie für Klinische Psychologinnen und Klinische Psychologen sowie für Gesundheitspsychologinnen und Gesundheitspsychologen [Ethical Guidelines for Clinical and Health Psychologists
- 2017, Datawarehouse Hochschulbereich – Erstzugelassene an Universitäten [Datawarehouse Academia – Students Registered at Universities for the First Time].
- Chrisman, 1995, Validation of the clance impostor phenomenon scale., J. Pers. Assess., 65, 456, 10.1207/s15327752jpa6503_6 · DOI · Paper page
- Clance, Imposter Phenomenon: When Success Makes You Feel Like a Fake.
- Clance, The Impostor Phenomenon: Overcoming the Fear that Haunts Your Success.
- Clance, 1987, The imposter phenomenon: an internal barrier to empowerment and achievement., Women Ther., 6, 51, 10.1300/J015V06N03_05 · DOI · Paper page
- Cokley, 2015, The roles of gender stigma consciousness, impostor phenomenon and academic self-concept in the academic outcomes of women and men., Sex Roles, 73, 414, 10.1007/s11199-015-0516-7 · DOI
- Cokley, 2013, An examination of the impact of minority status stress and impostor feelings on the mental health of diverse ethnic minority college students., J. Multicult. Coun. Dev., 41, 82, 10.1002/j.2161-1912.2013.00029.x · DOI · Paper page
- Cortes, 2014, Examining significant predictors of students’ intention to drop out., J. Psychol. Afr., 24, 179, 10.1037/t51337-00 · DOI
- Cowman, 2002, Am I for real?” Predicting impostor tendencies from self-handicapping and affective components., Soc. Behav. Pers., 30, 119, 10.2224/sbp.2002.30.2.119 · DOI
- Cozzarelli, 1990, Exploring the validity of the impostor phenomenon., J. Soc. Clin. Psychol., 9, 401, 10.1521/jscp.1990.9.4.401 · DOI
- Craddock, 2011, Doctoral students and the impostor phenomenon: Am I smart enough to be here?, J. Stud. Aff. Res. Pract., 48, 429, 10.2202/1949-6605.6321 · DOI · Paper page
- 2016, She Figures 2015 Gender in Research and Innovation: Statistics and Indicators.
- Fox, 2015, sem: Structural Equation Models. R Package Version 3.1-6.
- Fried-Buchalter, 1997, Fear of success, fear of failure, and the imposter phenomenon among male and female marketing managers., Sex Roles, 37, 847, 10.1007/BF02936343 · DOI
- Furnham, 2002, Parents think their sons are brighter than their daughters: sex differences in parental self-estimations and estimations of their children’s multiple intelligences., J. Genet. Psychol., 163, 24, 10.1080/00221320209597966 · DOI
- Hutchins, 2015, Outing the imposter: a study exploring imposter phenomenon among higher education faculty., New Horiz. Adult Educ. Hum. Resour. Dev., 27, 3, 10.1002/nha3.20098 · DOI · Paper page
- Jöstl, 2012, When will they blow my cover? The impostor phenomenon among austrian doctoral students., Z. Psychol., 220, 109, 10.1027/2151-2604/a000102 · DOI
- King, 1995, Achievement orientation and the impostor phenomenon among college students., Contemp. Educ. Psychol., 20, 304, 10.1006/ceps.1995.1019 · DOI · Paper page
- Kite, 2008, “Gender stereotypes,” in, Psychology of Women: A Handbook of Issues and Theories, 205
- Klinkhammer, 2009, Das hochstaplersyndrom “ in der wissenschaft [The impostor phenomenon in science]., Organisationsberatung Supervision Coach., 16, 165, 10.1007/s11613-009-0120-1 · DOI
- Krais, 2002, Academia as a profession and the hierarchy of the sexes: paths out of research in German universities., High. Educ. Q., 56, 407, 10.1111/1468-2273.00227 · DOI
- Kumar, 2006, Imposters have goals too: the imposter phenomenon and its relationship to achievement goal theory., Pers. Individ. Differ., 40, 147, 10.1016/j.paid.2005.05.014 · DOI
- Langford, 1993, Impostor phenomenon: recent research findings regarding dynamics, personality and family patterns and their implications for treatment., Psychotherapy, 30, 495, 10.1037/0033-3204.30.3.495 · DOI · Paper page
- Leary, 2000, The impostor phenomenon: self-perceptions, reflected appraisals, and interpersonal strategies., J. Pers., 68, 725, 10.1111/1467-6494.00114 · DOI · Paper page
- Macha, 1992, “Wissenschaftlerinnen in der bundesrepublik [Female scientists in Germany],” in, Frauenalltag. Weibliche Lebenskultur in Beiden Teilen Deutschlands [Womens‘ Everyday Life and Lifestyle in both Parts of Germany], 189
- McCormick, 2008, Getting started in academia: a guide for educational psychologists., Educ. Psychol. Rev., 20, 5, 10.1007/s10648-007-9058-z · DOI
- McGregor, 2008, I feel like a fraud and it depresses me: the relation between the imposter phenomenon and depression., Soc. Behav. Pers., 36, 43, 10.2224/sbp.2008.36.1.43 · DOI
- Neff, 2017, Self-Compassion Guided Meditations and Exercises.
- Neureiter, 2017, Two sides of the career resources coin: career adaptability resources and the impostor phenomenon., J. Vocat. Behav., 98, 56, 10.1016/j.jvb.2016.10.002 · DOI
- 2017, R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.
- Sbarra, 2012, When leaving your ex, love yourself: observational ratings of self-compassion predict the course of emotional recovery following marital separation., Psychol. Sci., 23, 261, 10.1177/0956797611429466 · DOI
- Schertzer, 2008, A cross cultural validation of a gender role identity scale in marketing., Int. Mark. Rev., 25, 312, 10.1108/02651330810877234 · DOI
- September, 2001, The relation between well-being, imposter feelings, and gender role orientation among Canadian university students., J. Soc. Psychol., 141, 218, 10.1080/00224540109600548 · DOI
- Sonnak, 2001, The impostor phenomenon in British university students: relationships between self-esteem, mental health, parental rearing style and socioeconomic status., Pers. Individ. Differ., 31, 863, 10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00184-7 · DOI · Paper page
- Spence, 1972, The attitudes toward women scale: an objective instrument to measure attitudes toward the rights and roles of women in contemporary society., Cat. Sel. Doc. Psychol., 2, 66
- Spence, 1975, Ratings of self and peers on sex role attributes and their relation to self-esteem and conceptions of masculinity and femininity., J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., 32, 29, 10.1037/h0076857 · DOI
- Szulecka, 1987, General health, psychiatric vulnerability and withdrawal from university in first-year undergraduates., Br. J. Guid. Couns. Spec. Issue, 15, 82, 10.1080/03069888708251646 · DOI
- Tatum, 2013, Adherence to Gender Roles as a Predictor of Compassion and Self-Compassion in Women and Men.
- Thompson, 1998, Attributional and affective responses of impostors to academic success and failure outcomes., Pers. Individ. Differ., 25, 381, 10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00065-8 · DOI · Paper page
- Thompson, 2000, Impostor fears and perfectionistic concern over mistakes., Pers. Individ. Differ., 29, 629, 10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00218-4 · DOI · Paper page
- Topping, 1985, The imposter phenomenon: feeling phony., Acad. Psychol. Bull., 7, 213
- Yarnell, 2015, Meta-analysis of gender differences in self-compassion., Self Identity, 14, 499, 10.1080/15298868.2015.1029966 · DOI
- Zhao, 2010, Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: myths and truths about mediation analysis., J. Consum. Res., 37, 197, 10.1086/651257 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The impostor phenomenon among doctoral students: a scoping review
Wang, Y., & Li, W. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1233434 · Cited by 50
Imposter Syndrome Among Pre-service Educators and the Importance of Emotion Regulation
LaPalme, M., Luo, P., Cipriano, C., & Brackett, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.838575 · Cited by 30
Clarke, B. J., & Hartley, M. T. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1669075 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Patzak, A., Kollmayer, M., & Schober, B.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2017-07-26
- Volume
- 8
- ISSN
- 1664-1078
- PMC
- PMC5526963
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 13
- Funders
- Universität Wien (10.13039/501100003065)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Buffering Impostor Feelings with Kindness: The Mediating Role of Self-compassion between Gender-Role Orientation and the Impostor Phenomenon. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01289
- The paper
- Patzak, A., Kollmayer, M., & Schober, B. (2017). Buffering Impostor Feelings with Kindness: The Mediating Role of Self-compassion between Gender-Role Orientation and the Impostor Phenomenon. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01289